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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
875 determinations S-Corporations

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PLR

Six missed QSST elections did not end S status

Four testamentary trusts became ineligible S corporation shareholders when their two-year eligibility period expired, and two additional trusts later received S corporation stock. All six trusts other…

201732020·August 11, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC received late corporate and S elections

A single-member limited liability company intended to be classified as a corporation and taxed as an S corporation from the same effective date. It inadvertently failed to file both Form 8832 and Form…

201732015·August 11, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives 120 days to file a late S election

A corporation's sole shareholder intended the company to be an S corporation from a redacted effective date, but the company did not timely file Form 2553. The IRS found reasonable cause for the misse…

201731007·August 4, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT elections do not invalidate corporation's S status

Two trusts held shares when a corporation's S election became effective, but their trustee did not timely file electing small business trust elections. The corporation and trusts consistently filed as…

201730021·July 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives 120 days to file a late S election

A corporation's shareholder intended the company to be an S corporation from a redacted effective date, but the S election was not timely filed. The IRS found reasonable cause for the missed deadline …

201730016·July 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Temporary partnership owner causes only inadvertent S termination

An S corporation was owned through a disregarded limited liability company. The individual owner transferred part of the LLC to a grantor trust, then died, causing the trust to lose grantor-trust stat…

201730002·July 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Invalid QSST consent and possible ineligible owners receive inadvertent relief

A corporation attempted to elect S status while one shareholder was a trust intended to be a qualified subchapter S trust. The trustee signed both the QSST election and the corporation's Form 2553 con…

201729016·July 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives 120 days to make a late QSub election

An S corporation intended to treat its wholly owned subsidiary as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary but did not timely file Form 8869. The corporation represented that it had consistently filed its …

201729002·July 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT election causes only inadvertent S termination

An S corporation's stock was held by a grantor trust whose deemed owner died. The trust remained an eligible shareholder for two years after the death, but it continued holding the stock after that pe…

201728020·July 14, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives late S election and three late QSub elections

A corporation intended to elect S status and to treat three wholly owned subsidiaries as qualified subchapter S subsidiaries from their respective formation dates. None of the required elections was t…

201728016·July 14, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for an ineligible shareholder

Three individuals held an S corporation through separate single-member LLCs that were disregarded for federal tax purposes. On professional advice, one owner elected to treat his LLC as an S corporati…

201727001·July 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Serviced medical-office rents are not passive investment income

A corporation with accumulated earnings and profits planned to elect S corporation status and operated a commercial property leased as medical offices and related facilities. It actively negotiated le…

201725022·June 23, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for an inadvertent S election termination

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a trust whose trustee inadvertently failed to make an electing small business trust election. Because the trust was not then an eligible S corporation sha…

201724021·June 16, 2017
Approved
PLR

Subsidiary receives relief for an ineffective QSub election

An S corporation acquired all the stock of another S corporation in a transaction represented to be an IRC § 368(a)(1)(F) reorganization. The acquired corporation later converted to a limited liabilit…

201724013·June 16, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for a late S election

A corporation was eligible to elect S corporation treatment from its intended effective date but did not timely file Form 2553. The IRS concluded that the corporation had reasonable cause for missing …

201724006·June 16, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief after trust misses QSST election

An estate transferred S corporation shares under a will to a trust that was temporarily eligible to hold the shares for two years. The trust met the substantive requirements of a qualified subchapter …

201723011·June 9, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives conditional relief after three trusts miss ESBT elections

Three grantor trusts holding S corporation shares became complex trusts but their trustees did not timely elect electing small business trust status, terminating the corporation's S election. After di…

201722022·June 2, 2017
Approved
PLR

Farm lease receipts are not passive investment income for S corporation purposes

An S corporation that owned farmland received income under both a sharecropping arrangement and a rental lease. The corporation shared specified farming costs and crop risks under the sharecropping ar…

201722019·June 2, 2017
Approved
PLR

Partnership interest recapitalization avoids S corporation built-in gains tax

An S corporation owned all preferred interests in a limited liability company taxed as a partnership and proposed converting them into common interests. It represented that the exchanged interests wou…

201722008·June 2, 2017
Approved
PLR

Parent and subsidiaries receive coordinated late S corporation and QSub election relief

A multi-owner limited liability company acquired one S corporation and later received all shares of another, unintentionally terminating or preventing the subsidiaries' S treatment because the parent …

201721008·May 26, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation preserves S status after trust beneficiaries miss QSST elections

A trust held all shares of a corporation from the date the corporation elected S status, but the trust's beneficiaries never filed qualified subchapter S trust elections. The trust had separate benefi…

201721004·May 26, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives 120 days for four late QSub elections

An S corporation acquired all ownership interests in four subsidiaries and intended to elect QSub status for each from the acquisition date. It inadvertently missed the Forms 8869 deadline and later f…

201720007·May 19, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives late S election relief

A corporation intended to be an S corporation from its formation date but failed to timely file Form 2553. The corporation and its sole shareholder had consistently filed their federal tax returns as …

201719001·May 12, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation gets relief for a late S election

A corporation intended to be treated as an S corporation beginning on a redacted date but did not timely file the required election. The IRS found that the corporation had reasonable cause for the lat…

201717036·April 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for an inadvertent S election termination

A grantor trust held shares in an S corporation, but its owner died and the trust did not timely elect treatment as an electing small business trust. Because the trust then became an ineligible shareh…

201717019·April 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for an inadvertent S election termination

A grantor trust held shares in an S corporation, but its owner died and the trust did not timely elect treatment as an electing small business trust. Because the trust then became an ineligible shareh…

201717016·April 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for a late S election

A corporation intended to be treated as an S corporation from a specified date but did not timely file the required election. The IRS found reasonable cause for the late filing under section 1362(b)(5…

201717013·April 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for a late S election

A corporation intended to be treated as an S corporation from a specified date but did not timely file the required election. The IRS found reasonable cause for the late filing under section 1362(b)(5…

201717009·April 28, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation keeps S status after correcting a second class of stock

A corporation amended its articles to create voting common stock and nonvoting stock entitled to a preferred dividend. That preference created a prohibited second class of stock, so the corporation's …

201716009·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after trust misses ESBT election

An estate transferred shares of an S corporation to a trust that could hold the shares for two years without making a special election. The trust failed to elect electing small business trust status w…

201716006·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after missing trust consents and distribution failures

An S corporation's election was invalid because the income beneficiaries of 21 qualified subchapter S trusts did not sign the shareholder consents. One of those trusts also failed in two years to dist…

201716004·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after beneficiary misses QSST election

Shares of an S corporation were held in a grantor trust owned by a married couple. When one spouse died, the trust divided and part of the stock passed to a new trust that qualified to elect as a qual…

201716003·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for late S election

A corporation's sole shareholder intended the company to be an S corporation from a specified effective date, but Form 2553 was not filed on time. The corporation requested late-election relief under …

201714024·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for missing trust election and consents

A corporation's S election was ineffective because a trust beneficiary did not make a qualified subchapter S trust election and two shareholders did not properly consent. The corporation and its share…

201714018·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after stock sale to ineligible shareholder

An S corporation's election terminated when another S corporation, which was not an eligible shareholder, acquired some of its stock. After discovering the problem, the original shareholder trusts tra…

201714015·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives late S election and inadvertent termination relief

A corporation intended to elect S status but did not know whether the service center received its Form 2553. Later, an unrelated S corporation acquired some of its shares, which would have terminated …

201714014·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missing trust elections do not end corporation's S status

Shares of an S corporation were transferred at different times to three trusts that were represented to qualify as qualified subchapter S trusts. The income beneficiaries did not timely file the requi…

201714011·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation preserves S status after missed trust elections

Three trusts acquired S corporation shares but their beneficiaries did not file qualified subchapter S trust elections, and a fourth trust did not file its electing small business trust election. Some…

201714007·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation status continues after stock briefly passed to a partnership

An S corporation's sole shareholder transferred all of its stock to a partnership, which is not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The transfer terminated the corporation's S election. After disco…

201712008·March 24, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation status continues after stock briefly passed to a partnership

An S corporation's sole shareholder transferred all of its stock to a partnership, which is not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The transfer terminated the corporation's S election. After disco…

201712007·March 24, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation status continues after stock briefly passed to a partnership

An S corporation's sole shareholder transferred all of its stock to a partnership, which is not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The transfer terminated the corporation's S election. After disco…

201712006·March 24, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives 120 days to make a late QSub election

An S corporation owned all the stock of a domestic subsidiary and intended to treat it as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary from the acquisition date. The parent failed to file Form 8869 because of …

201711006·March 17, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives inadvertent S election termination relief

An S corporation's stock was transferred to two trusts that qualified in substance as electing small business trusts, but the trustees did not make the required ESBT elections. The trusts were therefo…

201710022·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC stock ownership receives inadvertent S termination relief

An S corporation transferred shares to two LLCs taxed as partnerships, even though partnerships cannot be S corporation shareholders. The transfers terminated the corporation's S election. After couns…

201710021·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Late QSST election receives limited S termination relief

An S corporation shareholder's stock passed from one trust to a second trust that could qualify as a qualified Subchapter S trust. The beneficiary did not timely file the QSST election, causing the co…

201710018·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Partnership shareholder receives inadvertent S termination relief

Shares of an S corporation were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. When the corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election, the …

201710017·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Passive income termination receives S corporation relief

An S corporation had accumulated earnings and profits and received passive investment income exceeding 25 percent of gross receipts for three consecutive tax years. Those facts terminated its S electi…

201710013·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Trust decanting cures an inadvertent S termination

A shareholder transferred S corporation stock to a nongrantor complex trust that was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. Neither the shareholder nor the corporation understood that the transfer…

201710009·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Late QSST elections and unequal distributions receive S relief

After a shareholder died, S corporation shares passed from a formerly grantor trust to two trusts intended to qualify as qualified Subchapter S trusts. The beneficiary did not timely make QSST electio…

201710001·March 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Pro rata trust division preserves tax treatment and S eligibility

An irrevocable grantor trust holding S corporation stock and other assets proposed moving the non-S stock assets, pro rata, into eight separate family trusts while retaining the S corporation shares. …

201709020·March 3, 2017
Approved
PLR

Two trusts receive late QSST election relief

After a shareholder died, S corporation stock moved from a grantor trust into two successor trusts. The successor trusts were eligible S corporation shareholders for two years after the death, but no …

201709016·March 3, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC shareholder problem is cured with retroactive trust elections

An S corporation sold shares to an LLC taxed as a partnership, which was an ineligible shareholder even though its partners were two trusts. After the corporation discovered the termination, the LLC d…

201709015·March 3, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT and QSST elections do not end S corporation status

Six trusts eligible for electing small business trust treatment and two trusts eligible for qualified subchapter S trust treatment received shares of an S corporation, but the required elections were …

201707002·February 17, 2017
Approved
PLR

Late S election and two-class-stock defect receive relief

A corporation intended its S corporation election to begin on an earlier date than the effective date accepted by the IRS. It also had two classes of stock when the election was made, which made the e…

201706014·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives 120 days to make an S termination-year election

A corporation's S election terminated during a tax year, dividing that year into an S short year and a C short year. The corporation intended to elect under section 1362(e)(3) to allocate tax items ba…

201706013·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for impermissible owner and possible second stock class

An S corporation converted into a limited partnership that elected corporate tax treatment and later converted into another corporation. During the partnership phase, an entity treated as a partnershi…

201706001·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives 120 days to file a late S election

A corporation was eligible to elect S corporation status from its incorporation date but did not timely file Form 2553. It requested reasonable-cause relief under section 1362(b)(5). Based on the subm…

201705006·February 3, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives late S election relief

A corporation's shareholder intended the company to be treated as an S corporation beginning on a redacted date, but the S election was not filed on time. The company asked the IRS to treat the electi…

201704016·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election causes only inadvertent S termination

Stock in an S corporation passed under a will to a trust that was an eligible shareholder for two years. After that period, the trust became ineligible because its beneficiary had not filed the electi…

201702014·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT election receives inadvertent termination relief

A trust acquired shares of an S corporation, but its trustee failed to make a timely electing small business trust election. The trust therefore became an ineligible shareholder, terminating both the …

201702007·January 13, 2017
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.