S corporation receives relief for impermissible owner and possible second stock class

Plain-English summary

An S corporation converted into a limited partnership that elected corporate tax treatment and later converted into another corporation. During the partnership phase, an entity treated as a partnership became an owner, which was not a permitted S corporation shareholder. The partnership structure and its liquidation provision also may have created a prohibited second class of stock. The owner was later replaced by a disregarded entity owned by a married couple in a community-property state, and all returns had been filed consistently with continued S status. The IRS found the actual and potential terminations inadvertent and treated the taxpayer as an S corporation throughout the affected period, provided no other termination occurred. It did not rule on general S corporation eligibility or whether the conversions qualified as F reorganizations.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the taxpayer retain S corporation treatment after an impermissible shareholder and possible second class of stock caused actual or potential termination?
• Outcome: approved as inadvertent-termination relief
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(b), 1362(d), and 1362(f); Rev. Proc. 99-51; Rev. Proc. 2002-69

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201706001 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 2/10/2017 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.00-00, 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------, ID No. ------------------
---------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------------------- ----------------------
------------------------------------ Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B01
PLR-113416-16
Date:
October 21, 2016

LEGEND

A = ---------------------------------------

B = ------------------------

X = ---------------------------------
-------------------------

Y = -----------------------------------------------------

Z = -----------------------------------------------------
-------------------------

Old P = -------------------

New P = ---------------------

Date 1 = --------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Date 3 = -------------------

Date 4 = -------------------
PLR-113416-16 2

Date 5 = ----------------------

Date 6 = -------------------

Date 7 = ---------------------------

State = ---------

Dear -----------:

This responds to a letter dated April 21, 2016, submitted on behalf of Z (successor to X
and Y) by Z's authorized representative, requesting relief under section 1362(f) of the
Internal Revenue Code (the Code).

FACTS

According to the information submitted and representations made, X was incorporated
on Date 1 under the laws of State, a community property state. Effective Date 2, X
made an election to be treated as an S corporation. On Date 3, X converted to Y, a
limited partnership under the laws of State, and made an election to be treated as an
association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes effective as of
Date 3. On Date 7, Y converted to Z, a State corporation, under the laws of State. X,
Y, and Z are hereinafter collectively referred to as the taxpayer.

Immediately prior to Date 3, A was the sole shareholder of X. On Date 3, A transferred
a portion of A’s interest in Y to Old P in exchange for all the interests of Old P. The
taxpayer represents that A and A’s spouse treated Old P as a partnership for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. In connection with this transaction, A and Old P entered
into a partnership agreement that provided that liquidating distributions would be made
to all partners pro rata in accordance with their respective capital account balances, as
adjusted, up to the amounts of those capital accounts, and thereafter to all partners pro
rata according to their respective percentage interests in the partnership (the
“Liquidation Provision”). On Date 4, A’s spouse and B each acquired limited partnership
interests in Y. On Date 5, B transferred all of B’s interests in Y equally to A and A’s
spouse. On Date 6, A caused New P to replace Old P as an owner of Y. The taxpayer
represents that New P is an entity that is disregarded for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and that all of the interests in New P are owned by A and A’s spouse.

Y’s S election terminated on Date 3 when Old P, an impermissible shareholder,
acquired interests in Y. The conversion on Date 3, or the issuance of limited
partnership interests on Date 4, also may have created a second class of stock in
violation of the one class of stock requirement under § 1361(b)(1)(D), thereby possibly
PLR-113416-16 3

causing Y's S corporation election to terminate. Other than this termination and these
potential terminations of the S corporation election, the taxpayer represents that it has
qualified as an S corporation. The taxpayer represents that the conversions on Date 3
and Date 7 qualified as F reorganizations within the meaning of § 368(a)(1)(F). The
taxpayer represents that it believed that the S corporation election succeeded to Y and
Z because the conversions were F reorganizations.

The taxpayer represents that the possible termination of its S corporation election was
inadvertent and was not motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning. The
taxpayer represents that neither it nor any of its shareholders intended to terminate the
taxpayer's Subchapter S election. In addition, the taxpayer represents that the
taxpayer’s S corporation election has not been terminated by revocation, and that Z has
not at any time had sufficient passive investment income to cause a termination of the S
corporation election under § 1362(d)(3). Further, the taxpayer represents that the
taxpayer and its shareholders agree to make any adjustments required as a condition of
obtaining relief under the inadvertent termination rule as provided under § 1362(f) of the
Code that may be required by the Secretary. The taxpayer and its shareholders
represent that they have filed all returns consistent with the taxpayer being an S
corporation.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to any
taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is in
effect for the year. Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361 (c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than 1 class of stock.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

Rev. Proc. 99-51, 1999-52 I.R.B. 760, provides that a general partnership interest
includes rights and obligations not included in a limited partnership interest. If these
obligations and rights result in general and limited partnership interests in a limited
partnership having non-pro rata distribution rights, such interests are different classes of
stock for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(D).

Rev. Proc. 2002-69, 2002-2 C.B. 831, provides that, if a qualified entity, and a husband
and wife, as community property owners of the entity, treat the entity as either a
PLR-113416-16 4

disregarded entity or a partnership for federal tax purposes, the Service will accept the
selected treatment for federal tax purposes. A business entity is a qualified entity if (1)
the business entity is wholly-owned by a husband and wife as community property
under the laws of a state, (2) no person other than one or both spouses would be
considered an owner for federal tax purposes, and (3) the business entity is not treated
as a corporation under § 301.7701-2 of the Procedure and Administration Regulations.

Section 1362(f) provides in part that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was terminated under § 1362(d), (2) the Secretary determines that the
circumstances resulting in the termination were inadvertent, (3) no later than a
reasonable period of time after the discovery of the circumstances resulting in the
termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred
is a small business corporation, and (4) the corporation for which the termination
occurred, and each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time
during the period of inadvertent termination of the S election, agrees to makes such
adjustments (consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation) as
may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the
circumstances resulting in the termination, the corporation is treated as an S corporation
during the period specified by the Secretary.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that
Y’s S election terminated on Date 3 when Old P, an impermissible shareholder,
acquired interests in Y. We further conclude that, if Y’s S election had not terminated
on Date 3 because an impermissible shareholder acquired shares, the conversion on
Date 3 or the issuance of limited partnership interests on Date 4 may have caused the
taxpayer to have more than one class of stock, as a result of Y being a limited
partnership or having the Liquidation Provision. We conclude, however, that the
termination and potential terminations described above were inadvertent within the
meaning the meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, the taxpayer will be treated as an S
corporation effective Date 3, provided the taxpayer's S corporation election is not
terminated under § 1362(d), other than those terminations described in this letter.

Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding the taxpayer's eligibility to
be an S corporation. In addition, we express or imply no opinion on whether the
conversions on Date 3 and Date 7 qualified as F reorganizations within the meaning of
§ 368(a)(1)(F).

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides
that it may not be used or cited as precedent.
PLR-113416-16 5

In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to the taxpayer's authorized representative.

                                    Sincerely,


                                    Joy C. Spies
                                    Joy C. Spies
                                    Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                    Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                    (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy for §6110 purposes