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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,649 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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COMM

DaNite Sign Co.

Aerial-lift controls violation affirmed

DaNite Sign used truck-mounted crane booms and attached platforms to raise employees for sign installation. Three platforms lacked upper controls, and a fourth crane's lower controls could not override the upper controls in an emergency. The Commission held that the standard applied because DaNite…

September 23, 1993
Citations affirmed
COMM

Herasco Contractors, Inc.

Abatement letter treated as timely contest

OSHA issued two citations to Herasco Contractors, and the company timely filed a document titled “Abatement Letter.” OSHA did not forward that letter to the Commission and later sought collection of penalties and late fees. The Commission held that the letter clearly disputed the citations by…

September 22, 1993
Remanded
COMM

Kraft Food Ingredients Corp.

Mixed ruling on hot-work explosion hazards

Two Kraft maintenance employees were cutting bolts from a valve on a corn-oil pipeline when a fire and explosion occurred; one employee died and the other sustained severe burns. The Commission held that an explosive atmosphere could develop when the cutting torch heated a pressurized mixture of…

September 20, 1993
Mixed result
COMM

Westvaco Corporation

Printer-slotter lockout violation affirmed

Westvaco employees adjusted the cutting and slotting heads of a paperboard printer-slotter between customer orders without locking out the machine. The Commission held that the adjustments were “setting up” performed before normal production operations, so they did not qualify for the exception for…

September 14, 1993
Citations affirmed
COMM

Contractors Welding of Western New York, Inc.

Earlier Commission decision vacated after court remand

Contractors Welding was cited after OSHA inspected repair work on a metal drawbridge in Buffalo, New York. The disputed items concerned life jackets for employees working over or near water and ring buoys equipped with sufficient line for emergency rescue. In 1991, the Commission vacated the…

September 13, 1993
Citations vacated
ALJ

John J. Smith Masonry Co.

Two scaffold violations affirmed and one vacated

John J. Smith Masonry used a mobile scaffold while replacing a limestone window sill at the Cervantes Convention Center in St. Louis. The ALJ vacated the allegation that the scaffold was not erected under competent-person supervision because the Secretary did not identify who supervised its…

September 7, 1993 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Mixed result
ALJ

Security Elevator, Inc.

Fuel-cylinder wrench citation vacated

Security Elevator was cited after an OSHA inspection at a construction project for Sterling Drug Company in Collegeville, Pennsylvania. One alleged violation concerning fuel-gas equipment was settled before the hearing. The remaining item alleged that a required wrench was not left on a fuel-gas…

September 7, 1993 ·Irving Sommer
Mixed result
ALJ

Sparrow Construction Corp.

General contractor liable for unshored fire-damaged floors

Sparrow Construction was the general contractor for the rehabilitation of fire-damaged residential buildings in New York City. Two subcontractor employees removed debris beneath floors and structural areas that had partially collapsed, with hanging debris above them and no shoring or bracing. The…

September 2, 1993 ·Irving Sommer
Mixed result
ALJ

Rog's Inc.

Two personnel-platform defects affirmed as nonserious

Rog's Inc., a crane rigging and erection company, used a crane-suspended seat while removing an unused smokestack. The ALJ treated the device as a personnel platform under the cited crane standards. He vacated the crane-equipment items because OSHA inspected and photographed a different crane from…

August 30, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Mixed result
ALJ

Irwin Steel Erectors Inc.

Four contested construction items vacated

Irwin Steel Erectors performed steel erection and welding during construction of a Motorola facility in Austin, Texas. At the hearing, it resolved six serious citation items by withdrawing its contests in exchange for reduced penalties. The four remaining items concerned fire-extinguisher access…

August 30, 1993 ·E. Carter Botkin
Mixed result
ALJ

Manter Co., Inc.

Trench violations affirmed and willful classification reduced

Manter Company excavated a nine-foot-deep trench to install a valve on an existing water main at a restaurant property in Woburn, Massachusetts. Employees had no ladder or stairway and climbed a wet, steep Type C soil bank that was partly blocked by a backhoe, so the ALJ affirmed the safe-egress…

August 27, 1993 ·Richard W. Gordon
Modified
COMM

Foster-Wheeler Constructors, Inc.

Initial asbestos-monitoring violation affirmed

Foster-Wheeler Constructors renovated a boiler at a Florida power plant while an asbestos-abatement subcontractor removed insulation nearby. Foster employees worked and traveled in areas where monitoring and physical samples showed that asbestos fibers had escaped the removal enclosures, but Foster…

August 23, 1993
Modified
COMM

Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union

PSM abatement schedule challenge remanded

After an explosion injured or killed employees at an IMC Fertilizer plant in Sterlington, Louisiana, the Secretary and the employer entered a pre-contest settlement that included $10 million in penalties and a corporate process safety management implementation schedule. The employees' union…

August 20, 1993
Remanded
COMM

Phillips 66 Company

Union settlement-rescission dispute remanded for evidence

After an explosion and fire caused fatalities and injuries at Phillips 66's Houston Chemical Complex, OSHA issued citations proposing more than $5.6 million in penalties. The Secretary and Phillips later reached a $4 million main settlement that also established a corporate process safety…

August 20, 1993
Remanded
ALJ

Shelly and Sands, Inc.

Site-specific paving safety-program item vacated

Shelly and Sands was repaving a county road near Senecaville, Ohio, when a finish roller went over a berm and landed on its operator, who died from her injuries. OSHA alleged that the company lacked an adequate site-specific accident-prevention program for roller operations. The ALJ found that the…

August 18, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Mixed result
ALJ

C.D. Smith Construction Co., Inc.

Repeat unguarded-rebar violation affirmed

C.D. Smith Construction was performing general building work in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where vertical reinforcing bars projected above a mezzanine deck without caps or guardrails. Employees came within three or four feet of the rebar while nailing plywood and returned within one or two feet while…

August 16, 1993 ·James A. Cronin Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Fluidics/Poole & Kent Joint Venture

Grinder guard and fire-extinguisher items affirmed

Fluidics/Poole & Kent Joint Venture performed mechanical work at a site in Collegeville, Pennsylvania. An employee removed the guard from a hand grinder to work in a confined area, and the ALJ credited the compliance officer's testimony that the employee used it without reinstalling the guard…

August 16, 1993 ·Irving Sommer
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Hensel Phelps Construction Co.

Flammable-liquid storage item affirmed

Hensel Phelps was the general contractor for construction of a federal prison facility in Florence, Colorado. A painting subcontractor stored far more than 25 gallons of flammable and combustible liquids in a warehouse without an approved cabinet, near electrical equipment, smoking, and employee…

August 11, 1993 ·James A. Cronin Jr.
Mixed result
COMM

Dover Elevator Company

Unsecured-ladder item reduced to de minimis by settlement

Dover Elevator was an elevator subcontractor on a renovation project in New York City where OSHA issued serious, repeat, and other-than-serious citations. The Commission directed review only of an unsecured portable ladder item that the ALJ had affirmed as repeated with a $1,000 penalty. In a…

August 11, 1993
Modified
ALJ

B & M Construction

Three scaffold access and fall-protection items affirmed

B & M Construction performed asbestos removal around a boiler at a City of Lubbock power plant. OSHA found no access ladder, two unguarded openings in a walkway about 12 feet above the ground, and an unguarded I-beam used as a walkway. B & M argued that employees had not worked on the boiler…

August 9, 1993 ·E. Carter Botkin
Mixed result
ALJ

Ocean Concrete Contractors, Inc.

Floor-opening and rebar hazards affirmed

Ocean Concrete was a subcontractor constructing a building at the Naval Submarine Base at Kings Bay, Georgia. Employees worked at the edges of an unguarded five-by-eight-foot stairwell opening and an unguarded open-sided platform about eight feet above the ground. They also worked near uncapped…

August 2, 1993 ·Paul L. Brady
Citations affirmed
COMM

Cornell and Company, Inc.

Withdrawal leaves serious fall-protection violation final

Cornell and Company performed structural steel work while dismantling part of a coker unit at Mobil's Paulsboro Refinery in New Jersey. OSHA observed two employees walking beams about 80 to 90 feet above lower surfaces without safety nets, lifelines, or other fall protection. The ALJ accepted that…

July 30, 1993
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Action Craft, Inc.

Penalties reduced for eight manufacturing violations

Action Craft manufactured small fishing boats with about 18 employees at a facility in Cape Coral, Florida. OSHA cited eight serious conditions involving storage-area load limits and railings, dispensing flammable liquids, a modified forklift, and guarding on a cylinder machine, bandsaw, and bench…

July 26, 1993 ·Edwin G. Salyers
Modified
ALJ

Catalina Freight Lines

Barge vehicle-guarding and recordkeeping items affirmed

Catalina Freight Lines loaded and unloaded cargo vehicles on a barge at its Wilmington, California terminal. Five days after a front loader backed over the bow, OSHA observed forklifts and trailers operating with only an eight-inch angle iron around the deck edge. The ALJ held that Coast Guard…

July 26, 1993 ·James A. Cronin Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

New England Industries, Inc.

Repeat and failure-to-abate items affirmed

New England Industries manufactured jewelry parts in Providence, Rhode Island, and was reinspected after failing to document correction of earlier safety and health violations. The ALJ affirmed a repeated exit-route item because broken concrete and an uneven walkway created trip hazards similar to…

July 23, 1993 ·Richard W. Gordon
Citations affirmed
COMM

Madison Underground, Inc.

Commission declines declaratory review of trench item

Madison Underground performed sewer and water-main work in two unprotected excavations in New Berlin, Wisconsin. The ALJ affirmed one willful trench-protection item because an employee entered the north excavation, the company had no communicated rule against entry into unprotected trenches, and it…

July 23, 1993
Procedural
ALJ

Renewal Arts Contracting Corp.

Electrical grounding violations affirmed

Renewal Arts Contracting was performing construction work in the Bronx, New York. An employee used a drill and extension cord with missing grounding pins, and the company's project manager knew about the defective equipment. The ALJ affirmed a serious violation because the missing continuous ground…

July 19, 1993 ·Irving Sommer
Modified
COMM

Dover Elevator Company, Inc.

GFCI citation vacated based on adequate safety program

Dover Elevator employees were installing an elevator in Ridgeland, Mississippi, when a ground-fault circuit interrupter tripped because of a defective receptacle and extension cord. The supervising mechanic temporarily left an extension cord connected to an operable but unprotected receptacle while…

July 16, 1993
Mixed result
COMM

A. R. Butler Construction Co.

Commission approves trench-case settlement

A. R. Butler Construction was installing a sewer line in an eight-and-a-half to nine-foot trench in Flint City, Alabama. The underlying ALJ decision found that the steep earthen route was not a safe means of exit and that employees worked without adequate cave-in protection. The judge classified…

July 16, 1993
Settled
ALJ

Supermason Enterprises

Willful unprotected-trench violation affirmed

Supermason Enterprises installed a sanitary sewer in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania, with two workers in an excavation eight to ten feet deep. The ALJ rejected the company's claim that the workers belonged to a subcontractor because the supposed agreement was unsigned, the alleged subcontractor had never…

July 12, 1993 ·John H. Frye III
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Modern Sales and Construction Company, Inc., d/b/a MOSACO

Three damaged-cord items affirmed

MOSACO was the general contractor for expansion of an industrial facility in Wilmington, Ohio. OSHA found energized extension cords with insulation cut deeply enough to expose copper conductors, a plug connection without proper strain relief, and a worn section of cord with secondary insulation…

July 12, 1993 ·Edwin G. Salyers
Mixed result
ALJ

Crescent Street Construction Corp.

Fourteen serious items settled for $3,200

Crescent Street Construction received a serious citation containing 15 items with $15,300 in proposed penalties and a separate three-item other-than-serious citation with no penalty. The Secretary withdrew the first serious item. Immediately before the hearing, the parties settled the remaining 14…

July 9, 1993 ·Irving Sommer
Settled
ALJ

Cherry Hill Tune & Lube, Inc.

Citations affirmed after employer failed to appear

OSHA issued Cherry Hill Tune & Lube two citations involving machinery and hazardous chemicals. The company filed a notice of contest, but mail sent to its address was returned after it moved without leaving a forwarding address. A later hearing was postponed at the request of the person who signed…

July 9, 1993 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Procedural
ALJ

Forrest Electrical Services

Fan, live-wire, and posting items affirmed

Forrest Electrical Services was an electrical subcontractor on a medical-clinic project in Spring, Texas. A temporary foreman brought an inadequately guarded floor fan to the site, where it was available for use in an area employees passed through. The ALJ affirmed the fan item as serious because…

July 7, 1993 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
ALJ

Kiewit-Atkinson-Kenney

High-voltage tunnel cable approval violation affirmed

Kiewit-Atkinson-Kenney used a 13,800-volt mine power-feeder cable to run a tunnel-boring machine for the North Tunnel System on Deer Island, Massachusetts. The cable traveled along a road and beach, under a street, through a jobsite, and down a shaft containing water. The ALJ held that Mine Safety…

July 6, 1993 ·Richard W. Gordon
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Ramzel-Texas Services, Inc.

Three electrical items affirmed during asbestos work

Ramzel-Texas Services performed asbestos removal at Lubbock High School in Texas. The ALJ rejected its challenge to the inspection because the school principal had control of the occupied school premises and validly consented to OSHA's entry. Two extension cords bypassed the company's GFCI panel…

July 1, 1993 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Citations affirmed
COMM

McCrory Stores and J.J. Newberry Stores

Nationwide fire-safety settlement approved

The Secretary settled four cases involving McCrory and J.J. Newberry retail stores while the companies were operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The agreement reduced the total proposed penalties to a $500,000 general unsecured claim and changed all citation classifications to the…

July 1, 1993
Settled
ALJ

Schenectady Hardware & Electric Co.

Late contest dismissed after missed callback

Schenectady Hardware & Electric received two OSHA citations and proposed penalties on March 20, 1992, making April 10 the last day to contest them. Its vice president requested an informal conference before deciding whether to contest. An OSHA representative called, but the vice president was…

June 24, 1993 ·Richard W. Gordon
Procedural
ALJ

Beta Construction

General contractor liable for inadequate night lighting

Beta Construction was the general contractor for removal and replacement of roofing at the Department of Housing and Urban Development headquarters in Washington, D.C. Its asbestos-removal subcontractor worked at night in areas measuring as little as 1.95 foot-candles, below the required five…

June 21, 1993 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Modified
COMM

Byrd Produce Company

Attorney neglect leaves late citations final

OSHA issued Byrd Produce Company two serious citations after inspecting two California ranches, alleging failures to provide drinking cups and hand-washing water and proposing $640 in penalties. Byrd promptly delivered the citations to its attorney, but the attorney filed the notice of contest four…

June 18, 1993
Citations affirmed
COMM

Jackson Associates of Nassau

Late-contest case remanded over alleged OSHA misrepresentation

OSHA cited Jackson Associates of Nassau, operator of the Jackson Hotel, for eleven serious violations and one willful violation, with $11,230 in proposed penalties. The hotel filed its notice of contest after the statutory deadline while one owner was caring for her terminally ill husband and her…

June 18, 1993
Remanded
COMM

Quick-Cast Limited

Seven serious citation items settled for $675

OSHA cited Quick-Cast Limited, an aluminum casting and engraving business, for safety conditions involving portable fire extinguishers, bench grinders, oxygen and acetylene cylinder storage, flexible electrical wiring, and its written hazard communication program. An ALJ had affirmed most of the…

June 15, 1993
Settled
ALJ

Ray Sumlin Construction Co., Inc.

Unprotected excavation results in $4,000 penalty

OSHA observed a Ray Sumlin Construction employee working in a six-foot-deep excavation with vertical walls and no cave-in protection at a county jail project in Alabama. The superintendent initially requested a warrant but later invited the compliance officer to examine the excavation and helped…

June 14, 1993 ·James D. Burroughs
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Metal Recycling Company

Scrap-yard hazards yield mixed ruling and $400 penalty

OSHA inspected Metal Recycling Company's three-employee scrap-metal facility in El Paso, Texas, and issued a serious citation with multiple items. The judge affirmed serious violations involving unsecured access stairs, an exit leading into a blocked and fenced yard, obstructed aisles, hazardous…

June 14, 1993 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
ALJ

Ohio Pizza Products Supply Co., Inc., d/b/a Presto America's Favorite Food

Willful sheeter citation reduced to serious

Presto used a dough sheeter in its pizza-shell bakery, where larger dough balls repeatedly jammed beneath a guard near the machine's rollers. Two employees sustained hand injuries while trying to push dough through the rollers. The judge found the guard inadequate and rejected the company's…

June 7, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies
Modified
ALJ

National Engineering & Contracting Company

Electrical and rebar violations affirmed for $400

OSHA inspected National Engineering & Contracting Company while it served as general contractor on an interstate bridge replacement project in Ohio. The judge rejected challenges to the anticipatory inspection warrant and found no credible basis for the company's claim that OSHA acted vindictively…

June 7, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Art Specialty Company

Lamp manufacturer receives mixed ruling and $5,700 penalty

OSHA cited Art Specialty Company, a 29-employee lamp manufacturer, for numerous serious and other-than-serious conditions. The judge vacated a stairway citation because the Secretary did not prove employees used the stairs, and vacated the metal-shear portion of a machine-guarding item because the…

June 7, 1993 ·James A. Cronin, Jr.
Mixed result
ALJ

A.R. Contractors, Inc.

LP-gas traffic-protection citation vacated

A.R. Contractors used two liquid-petroleum gas tanks to fuel roofing operations at a Florida commercial construction project. OSHA alleged that the tanks were exposed to possible damage from construction traffic without adequate precautions. The judge rejected the contractor's argument that the…

June 7, 1993 ·Paul L. Brady
Citations vacated
COMM

North Bergen Animal Hospital

Withdrawal leaves late-contest dismissal final

OSHA issued North Bergen Animal Hospital two citations and proposed penalties, but the hospital filed its notice of contest after the 15-working-day deadline. The hospital explained that a receptionist had opened the citation mail and placed it with solicitation mail that remained unread for…

May 25, 1993
Procedural
COMM

Trinity Industries, Inc.

Hose items withdrawn, confined-space welding violation remains

OSHA inspected Trinity Industries' railroad-car and tank plant after a welder was fatally injured in an explosion inside a liquid-petroleum-gas tank. The ALJ found that the employee's failure to follow established leak-testing and ventilation procedures was unpreventable misconduct, but he affirmed…

May 12, 1993
Mixed result
ALJ

Fluidics, Inc.

Mixed construction ruling assesses $13,600

Fluidics performed mechanical-system renovations at a Philadelphia public-housing project with unusually difficult site-security conditions. The judge affirmed serious violations involving unsecured and improperly separated compressed-gas cylinders, missing GFCI protection, exposed energized…

May 10, 1993 ·John H. Frye, III
Mixed result
ALJ

Amoco Oil Company

HF respiratory-protection violations affirmed for $7,000

Amoco operated an alkylation unit containing large quantities of hydrofluoric acid at its Texas City refinery. A maintenance employee experienced HF exposure while opening a line that had not been fully depressurized, and the employee was wearing an air-fed chemical hood that was not a respirator…

May 10, 1993 ·Louis G. LaVecchia
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Redondo Construction Corporation

Ladder and repeat guardrail violations affirmed

Redondo Construction was the general contractor for a pier and passenger-terminal project in San Juan, Puerto Rico. OSHA found a portable ladder whose side rails did not extend three feet above the landing and that lacked a required grabrail, even though employees used it for access. OSHA also…

May 10, 1993 ·Paul L. Brady
Citations affirmed
ALJ

PDC, Inc.

Trench-exit item affirmed, cave-in item vacated

PDC employees installed a gas line in a trench beside a Georgia highway that ranged from four and a half to eight and a half feet deep. The trench had no ladder or other safe means of egress, and workers exited by placing their hands on the ground and jumping from the shallow end. The judge…

May 10, 1993 ·James D. Burroughs
Mixed result
ALJ

Parmer Building Corporation

Aerial-lift rail violations affirmed for $1,000

Parmer Building Corporation performed steel erection at a large Texas construction project. An OSHA compliance officer observed two employees standing on the top and middle rails of an aerial-lift basket while connecting a girder about 52 feet above ground. The employees were also tied off to the…

May 10, 1993 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
COMM

Ralph Taynton, d/b/a Service Specialty Company

Secretary withdraws all citations

OSHA cited Service Specialty Company, a marine-construction contractor, for eighteen alleged serious violations and one other-than-serious posting violation, with $32,700 in proposed penalties. The ALJ found that the company's business affected interstate commerce but that OSHA had not proved it…

May 7, 1993
Settled
ALJ

D.H. Shelton Associates, Inc.

Scaffold guardrail violation affirmed with reduced penalty

D.H. Shelton Associates was a subcontractor on an automobile dealership construction project in El Paso, Texas. The judge rejected the company's challenge to the OSHA inspection because the general contractor consented and a worker who identified himself as Shelton's foreman did not object. OSHA…

April 29, 1993 ·E. Carter Botkin
Modified
COMM

Peterson Brothers Steel Erection Company

Connector fall violation affirmed, penalty reduced

A connector erecting structural steel for an Austin office building was fatally injured after a suspended beam knocked him from a perimeter beam about 70 feet above ground. Peterson Brothers used temporary floors for interior fall protection and safety belts for bolters, but its connectors had no…

April 27, 1993
Modified
COMM

State Sheet Metal Company, Inc.

Roof-decking fall violations affirmed

State Sheet Metal employees installed metal roof decking on two one-story New Jersey warehouses at heights of approximately 27 and 32 feet without fall protection. The Commission held that the decking being installed did not itself satisfy the temporary-floor option because it did not protect…

April 27, 1993
Citations affirmed
COMM

Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation

Willful locomotive-brake citation vacated

A Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel locomotive collided with a disabled train while pulling loaded hopper cars, fatally injuring the conductor and injuring the trainee engineer. OSHA alleged a willful general-duty violation because the company continued operating the locomotive after reports of…

April 27, 1993
Citations vacated

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.