50-State Surveys › Tenant Abandoned Property Notice, Storage, and Disposal Requirements by State
Tenant Abandoned Property Notice, Storage, and Disposal Requirements by State
When a residential tenant leaves personal property behind after vacating or eviction, what notice and storage must the landlord provide, when may the property be sold or discarded, and who receives any sale proceeds?
51 of 51 jurisdictions verified
every entry statute-checked, oldest 2026-07-22
What this survey covers
Property left in a rental unit does not answer the first legal question: whether the tenancy has ended through vacancy, surrender, statutory abandonment, judgment, or execution of a writ. This survey starts with that trigger, then compares custody, inventory, storage, notice, retrieval, sale, disposal, proceeds, and liability.
The table covers ordinary tangible belongings after a residential tenancy ends. Vehicles, fixtures, security deposits, self-storage liens, property left during an active tenancy, and a deceased tenant's estate usually follow different rules. A state's cell identifies those boundaries instead of forcing them into the ordinary landlord-held-property process.
The finished table does not have one majority procedure. State systems cluster into four recurring structures: a detailed landlord-held-property process; a short post-writ removal or disposal route; separate abandonment and eviction routes with different clocks and custodians; or no general statewide belongings procedure at all. That variation is why the trigger and route appear before the notice or holding period in every state cell.
The trigger controls the route
California's general route begins when personal property remains after the tenancy has terminated and the tenant has vacated. The landlord then notifies the tenant and any other person reasonably believed to own the property. Cal. Civ. Code § 1983.
Maine covers property remaining after a landlord's judgment and property that is abandoned or unclaimed after the tenant vacates. Its statute changes the notice mechanics depending on whether the tenant is still in possession when notice is sent. 14 M.R.S. § 6013.
Washington uses a narrower abandonment route: the tenancy must be abandoned and rent must also be in default before RCW 59.18.310(2)'s landlord-storage process applies. The section excludes property of a deceased tenant. RCW 59.18.310.
Texas shows why a writ route needs separate columns. The officer may direct removal to a nearby location, or use a bonded or insured warehouseman. The landlord cannot be required to store the property, while a warehouseman route adds its own notice, 30-day redemption protections, lien, sale, and damages rules. Tex. Prop. Code §§ 24.0061-.0062.
A claim deadline and a pickup deadline may differ
California's notice gives at least 15 days after personal delivery or 18 days after mailing to claim the property. A former tenant who reclaims property left in the dwelling within two days after vacating cannot be charged storage. Maine uses a seven-day response period but continues storage through at least the 14th day after notice when the tenant responds. Treating either state as having one undifferentiated holding period would lose an important step.
Washington illustrates a second split. Most property follows a 45-day sale-or-disposal wait after notice, but property with a cumulative value of $250 or less may follow a seven-day route. Personal papers, family pictures, and keepsakes are excluded from that short low-value route.
Value, property type, and custody change the outcome
California generally requires a public competitive-bid sale, but permits the landlord to retain or dispose of property believed to have a total resale value below $700. Maine permits disposal only for property with no reasonable fair- market value and otherwise authorizes a reasonable fair-market-price sale. Texas protects named essentials during the warehouseman's first 30 days, including clothing, trade tools, family pictures, bedding, food, medicines, medical supplies, children's toys, certain third-party goods, and cash.
These are not interchangeable “trash” rules. A low-value shortcut may exclude documents, photographs, keepsakes, medicine, or other protected property, and a statute may assign different duties to a landlord, officer, municipality, or warehouseman.
Sale proceeds do not always go to the same place
California deducts storage, advertising, and sale costs, then sends an unclaimed balance to the county within 30 days; an owner has one year to claim it. Maine applies sale proceeds to rent arrears, damages, storage, and sale costs and sends the remaining balance to the Treasurer of State. Washington permits specified deductions and requires the landlord to hold excess income for the tenant for one year, after which the unclaimed balance becomes the landlord's property.
How to read the table
Begin with the trigger and route before using any clock. Next identify who holds the property and what inventory or storage standard applies. Read notice method and contents together with the claim and retrieval deadlines, paying attention to whether time runs from mailing, delivery, judgment, writ, vacancy, or storage.
Then check retrieval charges and protected-property exceptions before using a low-value or disposal rule. Finish with the sale method, proceeds destination, and remedies. A technically correct notice cannot cure an invalid entry, premature possession, wrong route, or early destruction.
Get this answered for your state
This survey compares every state side by side. Ezel applies your state's law to your specific situation and answers with citations to the statutes.
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| State | Governing law, trigger, and routes | Initial handling, inventory, and storage | Notice recipients, method, and contents | Claim and retrieval deadlines | Retrieval conditions and storage charges | Low-value, perishable, and protected property | Sale or disposal method | Proceeds, accounting, and unclaimed funds | Remedies, liability, and special limits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama verified 2026-07-22 | Ala. Code § 35-9A-423(d)-(e): disposal applies to tenant property left in the unit more than 14 days after termination under chapter 9A. Separately, dwelling is considered abandoned after electric service is terminated 7 consecutive days; other abandonment evidence remains possible. The electric-service rule does not itself replace termination plus the >14-day property condition. |
Section 35-9A-423 states no inventory, photograph, witness, packaging, storage location, or care standard. After property has remained in the unit more than 14 days following statutory termination, landlord has no duty to store or protect it. The section does not state what handling standard applies during the first 14 days. |
No abandoned-property notice to tenant or apparent third-party owner is required by § 35-9A-423; no mailing, posting, publication, property description, storage location, charges, deadline warning, or statutory form. |
Disposal threshold is more than 14 days after termination pursuant to chapter 9A. Seven consecutive days without electric service establishes abandonment of the dwelling but is a separate trigger. No claim-response, pickup, extension, failed-delivery, publication, or sale clock (§ 35-9A-423(d)-(e)). |
No statutory claim form, identification/proof, partial retrieval, charge, lien, debt-payment condition, free window, tender, or payment-plan procedure. Section 35-9A-423 gives no storage-cost claim and says no storage/protection duty after the >14-day threshold. |
No value threshold and no special rule for trash, perishables, hazards, medicine, medical devices, identity/financial documents, personal papers, photos, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, pets, or third-party goods. Rule is framed as tenant property left in the unit (§ 35-9A-423(d)). |
After the >14-day post-termination threshold, landlord may dispose without obligation. Section 35-9A-423 prescribes no public/private sale, auction, bidding, publication, donation, retention, destruction, landlord-purchase, or commercially reasonable method. |
No statutory sale-proceeds process: § 35-9A-423 states no permitted deductions, accounting, tenant surplus, hold period, owner demand, or county/state unclaimed-funds remittance. |
The 'no duty' and 'without obligation' language applies only when tenant property remains in the unit more than 14 days after termination under chapter 9A. Section 35-9A-423 states no immunity for earlier disposal, no waiver rule, no special statutory damages, and no local-law override. |
| Alaska verified 2026-07-22 | AS 34.03.260 applies, except as otherwise agreed, after tenancy termination—including lease expiration, surrender, or abandonment—when tenant property remains and landlord reasonably believes tenant abandoned it. Property remaining alone is not the stated trigger. AS 34.03.280 separately limits taking dwelling possession except for abandonment, surrender, uncontrollable energy conditions, or another chapter-authorized case. |
After § 260(a) notice, landlord must store all tenant personal property in a place of safekeeping and exercise reasonable care. On-premises storage allowed; charge capped at premises' fair rental value. Commercial storage allows actual storage plus removal charge. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, distance, insurance, or specific security standard stated (§ 260(b)). |
Notice goes to tenant by delivery or mailing. It must demand removal by a stated date at least 15 days after delivery/mailing and warn of sale. Low-value route must instead warn landlord intends destruction/other disposal; mixed-property notice must elect which items will be publicly sold and which destroyed/otherwise disposed. No apparent-owner, address, certified-mail, posting, email, property-list, storage-location, contact, charge, or statutory-form requirement stated (§ 260(a)). |
Initial removal date: at least 15 days after notice delivery or mailing. If tenant timely responds in writing intending removal, abandonment becomes conclusive only after the later of notice deadline or 15 days after delivery/mailing of tenant response. Personal-property sale also needs time/place notice posted in three qualifying public places at least 10 days before sale (§§ 260(a), (c), (e); 09.35.140(a)(1)). |
Tenant's extension response must be timely and written and state intent to remove. If tenant removes after notice, landlord receives storage cost for time in safekeeping. On-site cost ≤ fair rental value; commercial-storage cost includes actual storage and removal charges. No ID/proof, partial pickup, rent/damage condition, free window, tender, payment plan, itemized invoice, or dispute procedure stated (§ 260(b)-(c)). |
Perishables may be disposed of in any manner landlord considers fit. Property reasonably determined valueless or so low in value that storage plus public-sale cost would probably exceed sale return may follow destruction/other-disposal notice route. No fixed dollar threshold or separate medicine, medical-device, identity/financial-document, paper, photo, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, sentimental, liened, leased, or third-party protection stated (§ 260(a)). |
After unmet notice deadline, ordinary property may be sold at public sale. Post written/printed sale time/place notice in three public places within five miles of sale site at least 10 days before sale. No-bid property may be disposed. Perishables may be disposed as landlord sees fit; properly noticed qualifying low-value property may be destroyed/otherwise disposed. No newspaper, Internet, bid-count, appraisal, commercial-reasonableness, sale-location, donation, landlord-purchase, or private-sale rule stated (§§ 260(a), (e); 09.35.140(a)(1)). |
Sections 34.03.260 and 09.35.140(a)(1) state no deduction order, accounting, tenant surplus, holding period, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-property transfer, or former-tenant proceeds-claim period. Do not infer that silence assigns proceeds to landlord; the cited sections do not say who receives sale proceeds. |
Compliant landlord not liable for tenant's claimed loss from storage, destruction, or disposition under § 260. Deliberate or negligent violation: actual damages plus penal damages up to actual damages. Immunity depends on handling under section. Section begins 'Except as otherwise agreed' but states no form/scope for agreement, attorney fees, costs, injunction, criminal penalty, burden, limitations period, or local preemption (§ 260(a), (d)). |
| Arizona verified 2026-07-22 | A.R.S. § 33-1370(J): either 7-day absence/no notice + rent unpaid 10 days + no occupancy evidence except belongings, or 5-day absence + rent unpaid 5 days + no belongings. Day after writ, § 33-1368(E) applies § 33-1370(D)-(I). Returning keys permits immediate disposal unless writing says otherwise. |
After retaking with belongings, prepare inventory; store in abandoned unit, another available unit, landlord-owned storage, or off-site if none available. Use reasonable care moving/holding. No photo/witness mandate. Post-writ duties start day after execution (§§ 33-1368(E), 33-1370(D)-(F)). |
Abandonment notice to tenant by certified mail, return receipt, to last known and known alternate addresses; also post at unit/property for 5 days. After retaking, notify tenant of inventory's storage location and cost by same methods. No separate sale notice stated (§ 33-1370(A), (D)). |
Hold 14 calendar days after retaking. Written intent received by sale/disposal date gives tenant 5 days to reclaim; landlord must surrender within 5 days after written offer to pay and on tender. Key-return exception allows immediate disposal absent contrary writing (§ 33-1370(F), (H)-(I)). |
No access until actual removal/storage costs paid, except clothing; trade/professional tools, apparatus, and books; and ID/financial documents, including immigration, employment, benefits, and medical records. To reclaim after written notice, tenant pays only removal/storage costs (§ 33-1370(F), (H)). |
No storage required for perishables, plants, animals; contaminated/biohazard/health-safety-risk goods may be discarded. Cost-to-move/store/public-sale exceeding likely proceeds permits destruction. Animal contact/shelter/care rules apply. Named essentials remain accessible during storage (§ 33-1370(E)-(F)). |
After 14 days with no reasonable recovery effort, donate to qualifying/recognized charity or sell. Low-value property may be destroyed/disposed under cost-versus-value test. Tenant owns donation tax benefit. Key-return exception permits immediate disposal unless parties agreed otherwise in writing (§ 33-1370(F), (I)). |
Apply sale proceeds to outstanding rent and lease/chapter/title-12-ch.8 costs; mail excess to tenant's last known address. Keep adequate rent/sale records and hold returned-undeliverable excess for tenant for 12 months. Section states no destination after that hold (§ 33-1370(F)-(G)). |
Tenant may recover possessions or court-determined damages for destruction before day 14 or after offer to pay. Compliance gives immunity for loss from moving, storing, or donating; good-faith animal handling separately protected. Key-return disposal has no-liability clause (§ 33-1370(E)-(I)). |
| Arkansas verified 2026-07-22 | Two routes. Ordinary lease termination: all lessee property left in/about premises is immediately deemed abandoned after voluntary or involuntary termination (Ark. Code § 18-16-108). Prejudgment writ: 24 hours after writ service, if defendants remain or possession was not returned, sheriff removes belongings for storage pending final determination (§ 18-60-310(c)). |
Ordinary § 18-16-108 states no inventory, photos, witness, packaging, safekeeping, location, or storage duty. Writ route requires removal to a public warehouse or another reasonably safe storage place under plaintiff's control until final determination; plaintiff supplies sheriff's labor/assistance (§ 18-60-310(c)(1)). |
Section 18-16-108 states no abandoned-property notice, recipient, mailing, posting, publication, form, item description, storage-location disclosure, claim instructions, charge statement, or disposition warning. Section 18-60-310(c) states no separate belongings notice; its 24-hour trigger follows service of the writ of possession. |
Ordinary route states no response, claim, pickup, holding, extension, sale, or surplus-claim period. Writ route uses 24 hours after writ service before removal and storage until final determination; if defendant wins, belongings must be restored immediately (§§ 18-16-108; 18-60-310(c)(1)-(2)). |
Ordinary route states no claim method, proof, partial pickup, free window, or release condition, but all tenant/lessee property on premises is subject to a lessor lien for all agreed sums. Writ route assesses storage cost to plaintiff if defendant wins; if plaintiff wins a monetary judgment, storage cost is first sale-proceeds deduction (§§ 18-16-108; 18-60-310(c)(2)-(3)). |
Neither section states a dollar threshold or separate rule for trash, perishables, hazardous items, animals, medicine, medical devices, documents, photographs, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, or apparent third-party property. Vehicles, fixtures, self-storage property, active-tenancy property, and deceased-tenant estates remain outside this survey. |
Ordinary route allows the lessor to dispose of deemed-abandoned property as the lessor sees fit, with no required auction, bidding, publication, donation, valuation, or sale method. Writ route requires a court-ordered commercially reasonable sale only when final determination favors plaintiff and includes a monetary judgment (§§ 18-16-108; 18-60-310(c)(3)). |
Ordinary § 18-16-108 states no sale accounting, deduction order, surplus payment, holding period, or government remittance. Writ sale proceeds apply first to storage cost, second to plaintiff's monetary judgment, and third by remitting any excess to defendant; no later unclaimed-funds route is stated (§ 18-60-310(c)(3)). |
Ordinary route says disposition may occur without recourse by lessee and creates the lessor lien for agreed sums. Writ route requires immediate restoration and assesses storage cost against plaintiff if defendant wins; if plaintiff wins without a monetary judgment, § 18-60-310(c)(3)'s sale command does not apply. Neither section states statutory damages, fees, waiver rules, or local preemption. |
| California verified 2026-07-22 | Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1980-1991: optional route after tenancy termination and vacancy. Separate early written-request route (§ 1965), abandonment-notice coordination (§§ 1951.3, 1991), and post-writ route (CCP §§ 715.010, 1174). |
Leave on vacated premises or store in safekeeping; exercise reasonable care (§ 1986). No inventory/photo mandate, but notice must adequately describe property; locked containers may be described without opening (§ 1983(b)). Lost property follows § 2080 unless police/sheriff refuses (§ 1982). |
Written notice to former tenant and each apparent owner; personal delivery or first-class mail to last known and other likely addresses, plus vacated premises copy for mailed tenant notice; email optional if provided. Describe property, claim place, storage-cost warning, and deadline (§§ 1983-1985). |
General notice: at least 15 days after personal delivery or 18 days after mailing. Post-writ tenant: 15 days after landlord takes possession. Separate § 1965 request: written within 18 days after vacancy, landlord cost demand within 5 days, pickup within 72 hours after tender. |
Pay reasonable storage; former tenant may owe costs for all remaining property, other owner only claimed property, with no duplicate charge. On-premises storage uses fair rental value; no storage cost if reclaimed within 2 days after vacancy. Before public sale, tenant may reclaim with accrued storage, advertising, and sale costs (§§ 1987, 1990). |
Under-$700 total resale-value belief permits retention or any disposal (§ 1988(a)). Records are presumed tenant-owned; locked containers need not be opened for description. Lost goods, utility property, manufactured/mobile homes, commercial coaches, and covered animals use other routes (§§ 1981-1983). |
Unless the under-$700 shortcut applies, public sale by competitive bidding. Publish sale notice under Gov. Code § 6066; last publication at least 5 days before sale and no publication before the claim deadline. Landlord and tenant may bid (§ 1988(a)-(b)). |
Deduct storage, advertising, and sale costs. Pay unclaimed balance to county treasury within 30 days after sale; former tenant or other owner may claim from county for 1 year (§ 1988(c)). |
Procedure is optional; noncompliance leaves ordinary rights/liabilities intact (§ 1981). Reasonable-care and compliant-release/disposal protections apply (§§ 1986, 1989; CCP § 1174). Separate § 1965 action allows actual damages up to property value, up to $250 per bad-faith violation, and discretionary fees/costs. No express local preemption. |
| Colorado verified 2026-07-22 | C.R.S. § 13-40-122 governs property removed during/after execution of a writ. C.R.S. §§ 38-20-102, -107, and -116 separately govern a landlord with a lien for unpaid board, lodging, or rent on covered goods; abandonment requires at least 30 days without owner contact plus a good-faith lack of contrary evidence. |
Post-writ landlord has no duty to store, maintain, inventory, determine ownership, or determine condition; elected storage creates no bailment (§ 13-40-122(3)). After voluntary vacancy, landlord must allow reasonable access to remove property excluded from the rent lien (§ 38-20-102(3)(b)). No photo/witness rule. |
Post-writ ordinary goods: § 13-40-122 states no landlord property notice. Absent-tenant pet: visible premises posting with animal-control organization's name/contact. Abandoned lien goods: owner gets proposed manner/date at last-known address by registered/certified mail, return receipt, addressee-only; retain proof 1 year and publish once if returned unclaimed (§§ 13-40-122(2.5), 38-20-116(2)). |
Post-writ ordinary goods: no statutory claim or minimum-hold period. Lien property: abandonment presumption only after at least 30 days without owner contact and no known contrary intent; disposition notice at least 15 days before the proposed date. Returned-unclaimed notice triggers one-day publication but no additional stated wait (§§ 13-40-122(3), 38-20-116). |
If post-writ storage is elected, landlord may charge reasonable storage costs and allow recovery after payment (§ 13-40-122(4)). After vacancy, tenant/household gets reasonable-time, reasonable-manner access to property outside the rent lien (§ 38-20-102(3)(b)). No statutory ID, ownership-proof, partial-pickup, or free-window rule. |
No low-value shortcut. Landlord rent lien excludes pets, small kitchen appliances, cooking utensils, beds, bedding, necessary clothing, personal/business records and documents, and personal effects. Pet animals found during a writ go to a present tenant or animal control; they may not be left unattended (§§ 13-40-122(2.5), 38-20-102(3)(a)). |
Abandoned lien property may be sold or otherwise disposed after § 38-20-116 notice; judicial action is not required. That abandonment section prescribes no auction format. If the lienholder instead obtains a foreclosure judgment, § 38-20-109 requires 10-day sale notice, county publication/posting, owner delivery/mail, and a cash public auction between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. |
Section 38-20-116 states no special deduction, accounting, surplus-hold, or state-remittance rule for its nonjudicial abandonment route. A judicial § 38-20-109 sale permits foreclosure/notice/sale costs, necessary reasonable care charges, and keeping costs capped at $90, then requires residue and unsold property to the owner. |
Officer/agency immune for damage during writ removal; landlord immunity requires compliance with officer's lawful directions, and elected storage carries no loss/damage liability (§ 13-40-122(2)-(3)). A lienholder disposing without substantial article-20 compliance owes property value, at least $100, plus reasonable attorney fees (§ 38-20-107(2)). |
| Connecticut verified 2026-07-22 | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-11b covers all occupants vacating without notice and intending not to return, evidenced by substantially removing possessions plus either more than two months' unpaid rent or an express nonreturn statement. Section 47a-42 separately covers marshal execution after a residential summary-process possession judgment and expiration of any stay. Deceased-occupant property has a separate § 47a-11d route. |
Abandonment route: landlord must inventory remaining possessions/effects, remove them, and keep them at least 30 days; no specified storage-location or care standard (§ 47a-11b(d)). Eviction route: marshal removes and delivers possessions/effects to the municipality's designated storage place (§ 47a-42(a), (c)). |
Abandonment: each occupant at last-known address, both prepaid regular mail and certified mail/return receipt; clear/simple notice must state abandonment belief, intended reentry absent contact within 10 days after receipt, intended removal/rerenting, and disposal if not reclaimed within 30 days after notice, plus landlord phone and mailing address (§ 47a-11b(b)). Eviction: marshal uses reasonable efforts to locate/notify defendant of eviction date/time and possible sale, personally or premises-serves each defendant and occupant with the execution, and gives town CEO 24 hours' notice with date/time/location and known general property description; execution gives reclaim instructions and phone (§ 47a-42(b)). |
Abandonment: contact within 10 days after receipt; returned-undeliverable notice also permits reentry. Notice warns of disposal if not reclaimed within 30 days after notice, while removed goods independently must be kept at least 30 days (§ 47a-11b(b), (d)). Eviction: reclaim/storage-payment period is 15 days after eviction; sale follows one week of posted notice, and defendant has 30 days after sale to demand net proceeds (§ 47a-42(c)). |
Abandonment route authorizes reclaim during the 30-day keeping period but states no ID, proof-of-ownership, partial-retrieval, storage-charge, rent-payment, or other release condition (§ 47a-11b(d)). Eviction route requires the execution to explain reclaim logistics; removal/delivery is defendant's expense recoverable by plaintiff, storage expense is paid to the town CEO, and reasonable storage is deducted from sale proceeds (§ 47a-42(b)-(c)). |
Neither § 47a-11b nor § 47a-42 creates a low-value, trash, perishable, hazardous, medicine, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, or third-party-property shortcut/protection. Both speak generally of possessions and personal effects. Deceased-occupant property is separately governed by § 47a-11d. |
Abandonment: after the required period, landlord may dispose as deemed appropriate; no auction, publication, valuation, donation, or landlord-purchase rule (§ 47a-11b(d)). Eviction: town CEO must use reasonable efforts to locate/notify defendant of sale, post sale notice for one week at the nearest public signpost or exterior place near town clerk's office, then sell at public auction (§ 47a-42(c)). |
Abandonment route supplies no proceeds-accounting, deduction, surplus, or remittance system (§ 47a-11b(d)). Eviction route: town CEO delivers net proceeds to defendant after deducting reasonable storage; if not demanded within 30 days after sale, net proceeds go to town treasury (§ 47a-42(c)). |
A landlord complying with § 47a-11b cannot be sued under the § 47a-43 entry-and-detainer remedy, but the section states no broader immunity. If landlord knows or reasonably should know the unit was not abandoned, ordinary landlord-tenant and summary-process provisions still apply (§ 47a-11b(c), (e)). Section 47a-42 states no special damages, fee-shifting, or immunity rule for belongings handling. |
| Delaware verified 2026-07-22 | Writ route, 25 Del. C. § 5715: officer gives 24 hours; landlord removes/stores property left at execution. No appeal: 7 days; appeal filed: through 7 days after resolution. Voluntary/custodial route, §§ 4001-4005: 1 year of defined owner inaction + court-title petition. Deceased sole tenant and manufactured home routes separate. |
Writ route: landlord may immediately remove after tenant misses 24 hours and must store 7 days at tenant expense; appeal route stores through 7 days after resolution. No inventory, photos, witness, packaging, storage-location, distance, care, or insurance standard stated. Chapter 40 petition later requires complete description, value, and lien-search information (§§ 5715(e)-(f), 4003(a)). |
Officer gives persons at least 24 hours before writ execution. Writ must print 24-hour removal, storage clock, claim/reimbursement deadline, and no-further-action disposal warning. Chapter 40: court mails petition/notice/RFI by certified/registered return-receipt mail to owners, secured parties, known lienholders, and listed persons; petitioner posts 5+ public places and advertises in county newspaper (§§ 5715, 4003(b)). |
No-appeal writ: remove within 24 hours, then claim and reimburse before 7-day storage expires. Appeal filed: property left after 24 hours stored until 7 days after appeal resolution; claim/reimburse before that period ends. Chapter 40: 1-year trigger; answer due within 20 days after notice mailing; owner may file replevin before final title (§§ 5715(e)-(f), 4001, 4003, 4005). |
Writ route requires tenant to claim property and reimburse landlord's reasonable removal and storage expense before deadline. No ID/proof, oral/written claim form, partial retrieval, appointment, other-debt condition, payment plan, itemization, or dispute procedure stated. Chapter 40 notice warns recipient may be liable for costs if petitioner wins (§§ 5715(e)-(f), 4003(b)(5)). |
No writ-route dollar threshold or special shortcut for trash, perishables, hazards, medicine, papers, photos, keepsakes, essentials, or third-party goods. Chapter 40 excludes marital property, stolen property, property taken by conversion, intestate-estate property, listed banking/intangible property, and some vehicle contents; owner cannot be infant, incompetent, or military (§§ 4001, 4003(a)(7)). |
Writ deadline missed: landlord may dispose without further notice/obligation; no sale, auction, publication, donation, valuation, or purchase method stated. Chapter 40 court order gives absolute title and sale/gift/disposal power. If liens/interests exist, court orders sheriff/constable sale after 15-day notice by 5+ handbills and county newspaper (§§ 5715(e)-(f), 4002-4004). |
Writ route states no accounting, deductions, tenant surplus, hold, or remittance. Chapter 40 lien sale: first keeping/sale, execution, and court costs; balance deposited with court within 10 days, then liens by priority, with remainder to petitioner after all interests are paid. No former-owner surplus or unclaimed-funds route stated (§ 4004(c)). |
Chapter 40 excludes property taken by conversion, and owner/interested person may file bond-free replevin before final title. Court hearing follows a timely answer. Writ route states no special damages, immunity, waiver, fee shifting, limitations period, or local preemption; statutory disposal follows only after the claim-and-reimbursement deadline (§§ 4001(b)(3), 4003(c), 4005, 5715). |
| District of Columbia verified 2026-07-22 | D.C. Code § 42-3505.01a (Rental Housing Act; Eviction with Dignity Amendment Act of 2018). Trigger: an eviction — the 'time of eviction' is when the U.S. Marshals execute a writ of restitution (§ 42-3505.01a(h)). A housing provider 'shall not remove an evicted tenant's personal property from a rental unit except as provided' — no curbside eviction (subsec. (a)). The scheme is eviction-specific; it sets no voluntary-abandonment procedure and does not apply to District of Columbia Housing Authority evictions (subsec. (f)). |
The property stays in place: personal property present at the time of eviction 'shall remain in the rental unit for 7 days after the time of eviction, excluding Sundays and federal holidays' (§ 42-3505.01a(d)(2)). At eviction the provider changes the locks in the Marshals' presence at its own expense and takes legal possession by a Marshals' document (subsec. (c)(1)), and 'shall maintain and exercise reasonable care in the storage' during the 7 days (subsec. (d)(3)). No inventory, photograph, or off-site-warehouse step is required or authorized. |
Two notices. At least 21 days before eviction, the provider delivers notice by phone or electronic message, first-class mail to the unit, AND conspicuous posting (subsec. (b)(1)); it must give the tenant's name and address and the eviction date, warn that property left will be 'deemed abandoned 7 days after the time of eviction, excluding Sundays and federal holidays,' list the phone numbers of the Marshals, Office of the Tenant Advocate, and Landlord and Tenant Branch, state it is the final notice, and describe the 7-day access rights (subsec. (b)(2)). On eviction day, a second notice goes by first-class mail to any emergency contact and is conspicuously posted, naming an agent who can grant access plus the same phone numbers (subsec. (d)(1)). |
The tenant has 7 days after the time of eviction — excluding Sundays and federal holidays — to retrieve the property before it is deemed abandoned (§ 42-3505.01a(d)(2), (d)(5)(A)). Within that window the provider must grant access for no fewer than 16 total hours between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. over not more than 2 days, and must allow a Saturday visit on request (subsec. (b)(2)(G), (d)(4)(A)). The provider may extend the access period at its sole discretion (subsec. (d)(4)(B)). |
Retrieval is free: the provider may impose 'no requirement that the tenant pay rent or service fees for the 7-day storage period' (§ 42-3505.01a(b)(2)(G)(iii), (d)(4)(A)(iii)). No proof-of-ownership, written-claim, or partial-pickup condition is stated. If the provider fails to grant the required access, the tenant may obtain injunctive relief, including set access times and an extension of the storage period (subsec. (d)(4)(C)). |
The statute draws no distinctions by property type or value — no dollar threshold and no separate track for trash, perishables, hazardous items, documents, medicine, or keepsakes. All personal property present at eviction is treated the same: stored in the unit for 7 days, then deemed abandoned (§ 42-3505.01a(d)(2), (d)(5)(A)). |
After the 7-day period, remaining property 'shall be deemed abandoned' and the provider 'shall remove, or dispose of' it 'without any further notice or any other obligation,' 'in any manner not prohibited' by the statute or law (§ 42-3505.01a(d)(5)(A)-(C)). No sale, auction, or proceeds process is required. The provider may not place abandoned property in an outdoor space other than a licensed disposal facility or lawful receptacle, except while transporting it for disposal (subsec. (d)(5)(D)) — the statutory bar on curbside dumping. |
There is no statutory sale, so no proceeds, accounting, surplus, or unclaimed-funds route; lawful disposal ends the provider's obligations (§ 42-3505.01a(d)(5)(B)). The tenant's remedy is the free 7-day in-unit retrieval window, not a claim on any sale proceeds. |
A provider and anyone acting on its behalf are 'immune from civil liability for loss or damage to any property deemed abandoned ... or claims related to its lawful disposal' (§ 42-3505.01a(e)) — but the immunity reaches only lawful disposal after the process is followed. Removing property before the 7 days, denying required access, or curbside dumping falls outside it: the tenant may seek injunctive relief to compel access or extend storage (subsec. (d)(4)(C)), and a failure of the 21-day or eviction-day notice supports injunctive relief including a stay of the eviction (subsec. (g)). The section does not cover District of Columbia Housing Authority evictions (subsec. (f)). |
| Florida verified 2026-07-22 | Optional Fla. Stat. §§ 715.10-.111 route after tenancy terminates/expires and tenant vacates by eviction, surrender, abandonment, or otherwise. Separate written-agreement no-notice/storage route for surrender/abandonment (§ 83.67(5)) and post-writ property-line route (§ 83.62). |
Chapter 715: leave described property on vacated premises or store in safekeeping; exercise reasonable care (§ 715.107). No inventory/photo mandate, but notice must adequately describe property; locked containers may be described without opening (§ 715.104). Writ route permits removal to or near property line (§ 83.62). |
Written notice to former tenant and each apparent owner; personal delivery or first-class mail to last known and any other likely address. Describe property, claim location, storage-cost warning, deadline, and public-sale or under-$500 disposition warning; substantially compliant forms in §§ 715.105-.106 (§ 715.104). |
At least 10 days after personal delivery or 15 days after mailing (§ 715.104). If public sale was stated, former tenant may reclaim before sale on accrued storage, advertising, and sale costs (§ 715.108). Sale: two weekly publications, at least 10 days after first publication, last publication at least 5 days before sale (§ 715.109). |
Pay reasonable storage and advertising by notice deadline; before public sale, former tenant also pays accrued sale costs (§ 715.108). Former tenant may owe storage for all remaining property; other owner only claimed property; no duplicate charge. On-premises storage uses fair rental value (§ 715.111). |
Under-$500 total resale-value belief permits landlord to retain or dispose of property in any manner after notice/claim period (§ 715.109). No separate protected-essential or perishable list. Lost property follows other law unless the agency refuses custody; utility-service property is excluded (§§ 715.101, 715.103). |
Unless under-$500 shortcut applies, public competitive-bid sale at nearest suitable place; landlord and tenant may bid. Publish once weekly for 2 consecutive weeks; advertisement identifies goods, former tenant, time, and place. If no newspaper, post at least 10 days in 6 conspicuous neighborhood places (§ 715.109). |
Deduct storage, advertising, and sale costs. Pay unclaimed balance to county treasury within 30 days after sale; former tenant, other owner, or interested person may claim from county for 1 year (§ 715.109(4)). |
Optional procedure preserves ordinary rights/liabilities if not followed; compliant release/disposition limits liability (§§ 715.101, 715.11). Premature removal violating § 83.67 allows actual/consequential damages or 3 months' rent, whichever greater, plus costs/fees and injunction; remedies nonexclusive. Post-writ property-line removal has statutory loss/damage protection (§ 83.62). |
| Georgia verified 2026-07-22 | O.C.G.A. § 44-7-55(a), (c): writ becomes effective 7 days after judgment; execution authorizes removal of tenant/property and makes removed property abandoned. Chapter 44-7 states no general voluntary-vacancy belongings route; abandoned mobile homes use a separate excluded article. |
Writ permits placement on landlord's property or other landlord-designated property approved by executing officer (§ 44-7-55(c)). No inventory, photographs, packaging, storage facility, care period, or safekeeping standard stated; landlord is not a bailee and owes no duty under the subsection. |
No post-writ personal-property notice to the former tenant or an apparent third-party owner, service method, address rule, required description, storage-location statement, charge warning, or disposal warning stated in Chapter 44-7. |
No tenant claim, pickup, minimum-hold, publication, sale, or disposal deadline stated. Writ is effective after 7 days; application for execution generally must be made within 30 days, but neither clock is a property-claim period (§ 44-7-55(a), (d)). |
No claim form, identification/proof rule, partial-retrieval right, rent-payment condition, moving-cost rule, or storage-charge formula stated for ordinary belongings after writ execution. |
No value threshold or separate rule stated for trash, perishables, hazardous items, medicine, documents, clothing, tools, photographs, keepsakes, or apparent third-party goods. The chapter's abandoned-mobile-home article is a separate route outside this survey. |
Property is regarded as abandoned after writ execution (§ 44-7-55(c)); Chapter 44-7 states no public/private sale, auction, publication, bidding, donation, retention, destruction, landlord-purchase, or other disposition method for ordinary belongings. |
No deduction order, sale accounting, tenant-surplus delivery, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-funds period, or later claim procedure stated for ordinary post-writ belongings. |
Section 44-7-55(c) states the landlord is not a bailee and owes no duty regarding property handled under the writ route; it states no separate damages schedule, fee award, or broad disposition immunity. Residential parties may not waive Article 3 rights, duties, or remedies (§ 44-7-2(b)). |
| Hawaii verified 2026-07-22 | HRS § 521-56 applies after tenant wrongfully quits under § 521-70(d) (quit plus unequivocal intent not to resume), is deemed to wrongfully quit under § 521-44(d) (20+ days' absence without written notice and no rent paid for period), quits under notice to quit, or leaves at natural term expiration. Separate deceased-tenant route: § 521-85. |
For personalty in/around premises landlord in good faith determines valuable: commercially reasonable sale, storage at tenant expense, or charitable donation. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, safe/dry/secure standard, storage location, distance, warehouse, insurance, or custody record stated (§ 521-56(a)). |
Before sale/donation, make reasonable efforts to tell tenant property identity/location and intent to sell/donate. Mail to forwarding address, or tenant-designated notification address, or if neither available, previous known address. No certified-mail, receipt, posting, publication-as-tenant-notice, third-party-owner notice, statutory form, charge amount, or sale date required (§ 521-56(a)). |
Sale/donation cannot occur until 15 days after notice is mailed; tenant is then deemed to have received notice. Sale advertisement runs at least 3 consecutive days in daily paper of general circulation in circuit. Net sale proceeds held in trust 30 days, then forfeited to landlord. No separate claim-response, pickup-extension, failed-mail, weekend/holiday, or later government claim period (§ 521-56(a)-(b)). |
Landlord may store valuable property at tenant's expense, and sale proceeds may reimburse storage plus accrued rent and sale/advertising costs. Statute states no required claim form, ID/proof, partial retrieval, free window, pre-release payment condition, daily rate, itemized charge demand, tender, payment plan, or dispute procedure (§ 521-56(a)-(b)). |
No dollar threshold. Good-faith value controls: valuable property follows sale/storage/donation route; personalty left unsold after compliance or otherwise abandoned and determined of no value may be disposed at landlord's discretion without liability. No ordinary-route rule for perishables, hazards, animals, medicine, documents, photos, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, or apparent third-party goods (§ 521-56(a), (c)). |
Valuable property: commercially reasonable sale, storage, or donation to charity. Before sale/donation, mail notice and wait 15 days. Sale also requires at least 3 consecutive days' advertising in a daily paper of general circulation in the circuit. No auction, public/private label, appraisal, minimum price, bid procedure, landlord-purchase rule, or donation recipient notice (§ 521-56(a)). |
From sale proceeds deduct accrued rent and storage/sale costs, including advertising. Hold balance in trust for tenant 30 days; afterward it is forfeited to landlord. No written accounting, payment method, address, government remittance, unclaimed-property transfer, or claim process stated (§ 521-56(b)). |
No-value or compliant-route-unsold property may be disposed at landlord's discretion without liability. Valuable-property decisions require landlord's good-faith value determination; sale must be commercially reasonable and notice/timing/advertising steps apply. Section states no statutory damages, attorney fees, injunction, waiver rule, limitations period, or local overlay (§ 521-56). |
| Idaho verified 2026-07-22 | Idaho Code § 6-316(2) applies after trial finding for landlord and possession. Residential tenant gets 72 hours to remove belongings; after that time and 3 days after the finding, sheriff restores possession and landlord/agent may remove/dispose remaining tenant property. Surveyed §§ 6-303 and 6-316 state no parallel voluntary-vacancy landlord-held procedure. |
After the statutory post-finding period, landlord/agent may remove and dispose. No landlord inventory, itemization, photographs, witness, packaging, care standard, on/off-site storage, safekeeping, warehouse, insurance, or custody record stated. Sheriff restores possession by causing immediate tenant removal (§ 6-316(2)). |
No post-judgment belongings notice to tenant or apparent third-party owner is stated. For nonpayment cases only, the earlier 3-day pay-or-possession notice must warn that a residential tenant will have 72 hours after judgment to remove belongings before landlord removal/disposal under § 6-316 (§ 6-303(2)). No property description, claim location, charges, deadline date, mail, publication, or form stated. |
Residential tenant has 72 hours after the court finding/judgment for possession to remove belongings. Disposal/restoration language also requires 3 days after the finding. No later claim, pickup extension, failed-delivery, publication, sale, weekend/holiday, or proceeds-claim clock stated; longer-time authority is stated only for commercial/5+-acre tenants on good cause (§§ 6-303(2), 6-316(2)). |
Tenant removes belongings during the 72-hour period. No claim form, ID/proof, apparent-owner release, partial retrieval, landlord access schedule, moving/storage charge, debt-payment condition, free-storage window, tender, payment plan, or dispute procedure stated. Court may award landlord reasonable removal/restoration costs on good cause (§ 6-316(2)). |
No dollar threshold or separate rule for trash, perishables, hazardous items, animals, medicine, devices, identity/financial documents, papers, photos, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, or sentimental goods. Disposal is subject to Article 9 security interests. Motor vehicles use the separate § 49-1806 removal route (§ 6-316(2)). |
After the statutory period, landlord/agent may remove and dispose of all remaining tenant property without further method stated. No auction, public/private sale, bids, commercial-reasonableness standard, publication, donation, retention, destruction sequence, location, valuation, or landlord-purchase restriction (§ 6-316(2)). |
Section 6-316(2) permits disposal without further compensation or consideration to tenant. It states no sale requirement, deduction order, accounting, surplus payment/hold, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-funds process, or later tenant claim period. Article 9 security interests remain a stated limit. |
Disposal authority is limited to property remaining after landlord wins possession, the residential 72 hours expires, and 3 days pass after the finding; it remains subject to Article 9 security interests and separate vehicle law. Court may award landlord reasonable removal/restoration costs for good cause. Sections state no property-specific tenant damages, fees, waiver rule, immunity, limitations period, or local overlay (§ 6-316(2)). |
| Illinois verified 2026-07-22 | No general statewide ordinary-belongings procedure in 765 ILCS 705 or 735 ILCS 5/Art. IX. Section 9-101 bars forcible entry; Part 3 is a separate court-filed distress-for-rent seizure route, not abandonment disposal. Local/other law may apply. IL SB 2884 would create a new route but is pending. |
No general statewide inventory, photograph, packaging, storage-location, safekeeping, or care standard for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. Distress for rent separately requires immediate filing of the warrant and inventory (§ 9-302). |
No general statewide former-tenant/apparent-owner property notice, service method, address rule, or required contents for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. |
No uniform statewide statutory claim, retrieval, holding, publication, or sale deadline for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. |
No general statewide statutory claim form, proof-of-ownership rule, partial-retrieval right, debt condition, or moving/storage charge formula for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. |
No general statewide value threshold or special ordinary-belongings rule for perishables, documents, medicine, clothing, tools, photographs, or keepsakes in the current surveyed statutes. Mobile/manufactured homes and criminal-trespass property use separate routes. |
No general statewide public/private sale, auction, donation, retention, destruction, publication, or landlord-purchase procedure for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. Distress-for-rent property follows its own judicial sale route. |
No general statewide deduction order, accounting duty, tenant-surplus deadline, government remittance, or unclaimed-funds period for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the current surveyed statutes. |
No special statewide post-tenancy disposal damages or compliance safe harbor stated. Section 9-101 prohibits forcible entry even where entry is otherwise lawful. Distress for rent is limited to tenant property and requires court filing/inventory (§§ 9-301-.302). Local remedies may differ. |
| Indiana verified 2026-07-22 | IC 32-31-4-2: personal property is abandoned only if a reasonable person would conclude tenant vacated and surrendered possession of it; lease cannot redefine. Separate post-possession route requires court award under IC 32-30-2, removal order, and missed court deadline before warehouse/court-approved storage. |
Post-order landlord removes only as court order permits and delivers to warehouseman or court-approved storage facility (defined as court-approved location). Chapter states no inventory, photographs, witness, packaging, distance, insurance minimum, or landlord care standard (IC 32-31-4-1.5, -2(e)). |
Before delivery to warehouse/storage, personally serve tenant at last known address with both removal order and identity/location of warehouse or facility (IC 32-31-4-3(a)). UCC lien sale separately notifies all known interest claimants with itemized claim, goods description, ≥10-day payment demand, and conspicuous auction time/place warning. |
Tenant may claim until sale. Sale eligibility begins 45 days after tenant receives § 3 notice, not 90 days (effective July 1, 2025). UCC sale notice gives ≥10 days after receipt to pay; auction is ≥15 days after first of 2 weekly publications, or after 10-day posting fallback (IC 32-31-4-4(b), -5; 26-1-7-210(b)-(c)). |
Nonexempt property requires payment of warehouse/facility lien expenses: storage, transportation, insurance, labor, present/future property charges, preservation, and reasonable lawful-sale expenses. Exempt property must be released on owner's demand without payment at delivery; statute states no partial-retrieval procedure (IC 32-31-4-3(b), -4). |
No low-value, trash, perishable, unsafe, or expedited-disposal shortcut stated. Exempt: medically necessary property; tenant's trade/business property; and necessary one-week seasonal clothing, blankets, and minor-child care/schooling items. Exempt-release protection cannot be waived (IC 32-31-4-1, -3(b)-(c)). |
After 45 days from receipt of § 3 notice, warehouse/facility may use IC 26-1-7-210(b) public auction: notify known claimants, ≥10-day demand, nearest suitable location, weekly newspaper publication for 2 weeks, sale ≥15 days after first publication; 6-place/10-day posting fallback. Warehouse may buy. No landlord private-sale shortcut. |
Warehouse/facility lien covers listed expenses and lawful-sale expenses. UCC permits lien satisfaction from proceeds and requires holder to keep balance for delivery on demand to person entitled to goods. Cited sections state no accounting deadline, government remittance, escheat clock, or date surplus becomes holder's property. |
Landlord has loss/damage immunity only for property satisfying statutory abandonment test; contract cannot redefine it. Exempt-property/release waiver is void. Warehouse is liable for noncompliant-sale damages and willful conversion. Do not use court-order route without possession award, property-removal order, missed deadline, service, and qualifying storage. |
| Iowa verified 2026-07-22 | Ordinary residential abandonment: Iowa Code § 562A.29 permits reasonably necessary entry after tenant absence over 14 days and governs rerenting/surrender after abandonment, but states no belongings route. Eviction: §§ 648.20 and 648.22 provide daytime execution and removal of defendant/return of possession, but no personal-property process. Manufactured/mobile homes use separate §§ 562B.27, 648.22A, and chs. 555B-555C. |
No statewide ordinary-residential belongings rule in §§ 562A.29, 562A.31, 648.20, or 648.22 requires or authorizes an inventory, photographs, witness, packaging, removal, storage location, safekeeping, reasonable care, or landlord/sheriff custody after vacancy or execution. Do not import the manufactured-home storage system. |
No ordinary-residential abandoned-belongings notice is specified: no tenant/apparent-owner recipients, mail/posting/personal-service method, property description, storage address, charges, claim deadline, or disposal warning. Chapter 648's case and possession notices are not a personal-property disposition notice. |
No statewide ordinary-residential response, claim, retrieval, minimum-hold, publication, sale, or proceeds-remittance clock. Section 648.22's execution for defendant removal within 3 days after judgment is a possession rule, not a 3-day belongings claim/disposal period; § 648.20 only requires daytime execution. |
No ordinary-residential statute reviewed states a written/oral claim method, ID/ownership proof, partial retrieval right, moving/storage charge, free-access period, or payment condition. Section 562A.31 abolishes distraint for rent and makes a landlord lien on household goods unenforceable unless perfected before January 1, 1979; do not condition release on a new rent lien under that section. |
No ordinary-residential statutory dollar threshold or special rule for trash, perishables, hazardous items, medicine, documents, photographs, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, animals, or apparent third-party goods appears in the reviewed provisions. Manufactured/mobile homes and contents are a separate route, not a low-value exception. |
No ordinary-residential statute reviewed authorizes or requires public/private sale, auction notice, competitive bidding, donation, landlord retention, destruction, or another disposition method. The 30-day/$500 auction system in the live Ezel pack is not stated in §§ 562A.29, 562A.31, 648.20, or 648.22. |
No ordinary-residential statutory deduction order, accounting, tenant-surplus payment, holding period, county/state remittance, or landlord-forfeiture rule appears in the reviewed provisions. Do not borrow manufactured-home proceeds rules from chapter 555B or § 648.22A. |
The reviewed ordinary-residential sections provide no belongings-specific damages, attorney fees, penalties, conversion standard, compliance immunity, waiver rule, or limitations period. Section 562A.31 abolishes distress and nearly all household-goods landlord liens. Manufactured/mobile-home removal, liability, disposal, and proceeds protections are confined to their separate statutory system. |
| Kansas verified 2026-07-22 | K.S.A. 58-2565(d) applies when tenant abandons or surrenders dwelling and leaves property, or is removed through forcible detainer and fails to remove property after possession returns to landlord. Separate dwelling-abandonment presumption: 10-day rent default plus removal of substantial portion of belongings, unless tenant says otherwise (§ 58-2565(b)). |
Landlord may take possession and store property at tenant's expense. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, safe/dry/secure standard, particular location, distance, warehouse, insurance, or written storage record is stated. Statutory list includes household goods, furnishings, fixtures, and any other personal property (§ 58-2565(d)). |
At least 15 days before disposition, publish once in newspaper of general circulation in county where dwelling is located. Within 7 days after publication, mail copy to tenant at last-known address. Notice states tenant name, brief property description, and approximate disposition date. Secured creditor protects interest by notifying landlord before disposition (§ 58-2565(d)). |
Disposition only after 30 days expire from landlord taking possession, with publication at least 15 days beforehand and mailing within 7 days after publication. Tenant may redeem during 30-day period and any time before actual sale/disposition. No pickup extension, failed-mail, weekend/holiday, publication-repeat, or later surplus-claim period is stated (§ 58-2565(d)). |
Before sale/disposition, tenant redeems by paying landlord's reasonable expenses of taking, holding, and preparing property for sale plus all amounts due for rent or otherwise. Statute states no required claim form, ID/proof list, partial retrieval, free window, payment plan, tender method, itemized charge statement, daily rate, or dispute process (§ 58-2565(d)). |
No low-value, valueless, trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, medical-device, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or sentimental-property shortcut/protection is stated. Liability protection has a third-party limit: secured creditor may give notice, and landlord must lack knowledge/notice of another person's claimed interest (§ 58-2565(d)). |
After all timing and notice steps, landlord may sell or otherwise dispose of property. No public/private auction, competitive bidding, commercial-reasonableness, appraisal, publication frequency beyond one notice, donation, destruction, retention method, location, or landlord-purchase restriction is stated (§ 58-2565(d)). |
Apply proceeds first to reasonable taking/holding/preparation/notice/disposition expenses; second to all amounts due landlord for rent or otherwise; landlord may retain any balance without liability, subject to secured creditor who timely notified landlord. No tenant accounting, surplus payment, holding period, or government/unclaimed-funds remittance (§ 58-2565(e)). |
If statutory requirements are met, landlord may dispose without liability to tenant or another claimant, except protected secured creditor, when landlord lacks knowledge/notice of other ownership claims. Good-faith recipient without knowledge of violation takes free of tenant/third-party claims. No statutory damages, fees, injunction, waiver, or limitations period stated here (§ 58-2565(d), (f)). |
| Kentucky verified 2026-07-22 | No general statewide abandoned-belongings procedure in KRS ch. 383. Section 383.245 restores possession by warrant only. Local-option URLTA covers access/abandonment (§§ 383.500, .615, .670); outside it, § 383.070 supplies a rent lien enforced through distress/attachment, while URLTA § 383.680 abolishes that route. |
No general statewide inventory, photograph, packing, care, storage-location, or storage-duration rule for ordinary post-tenancy belongings. URLTA entry is allowed after abandonment/surrender (§ 383.615), but §§ 383.615 and 383.670 do not state belongings-custody duties. |
No general statewide former-tenant or apparent-owner belongings notice, service method, address rule, required description, storage disclosure, charge disclosure, or disposition warning in the surveyed statutes. |
No uniform statewide claim, pickup, holding, publication, sale, or disposal deadline. Section 383.245's 7-day appeal period precedes issuance of a requested restitution warrant; it is not a property-retrieval period. |
No general statewide claim form, ownership-proof rule, partial-pickup right, or moving/storage charge formula. Outside URLTA localities, qualifying rent may be pursued against property through distress/attachment; URLTA § 383.680 abolishes distraint and post-1984 household-goods liens. |
No general statewide value shortcut or special post-tenancy rule for perishables, trash, documents, medicines, clothing, tools, photographs, keepsakes, or apparent third-party goods in the surveyed statutes. |
No general statewide landlord public/private sale, auction, donation, retention, destruction, publication, or purchase procedure for ordinary belongings. A court distress/attachment sale is a separate rent-enforcement process, not a self-help abandoned-property route (§§ 383.020, .070). |
No general statewide landlord-sale deduction order, accounting duty, tenant-surplus deadline, or unclaimed-funds route. In a separate execution/attachment process, § 383.080(2) directs the officer to apply qualifying proceeds to rent, subject to its indemnity procedure. |
Wrongful distress/attachment can produce double damages, or double value if sold; wrongful removal from legal custody can produce treble damages plus costs (§ 383.020). In URLTA localities, unlawful ouster can yield possession/termination, up to 3 months' rent, and attorney fees (§ 383.655). No disposal safe harbor. |
| Louisiana verified 2026-07-22 | La. Code Civ. Proc. arts. 4701, 4731-4733 govern possession, not ordinary belongings disposal. After required notice, landlord may retake without court only on reasonable belief of abandonment; indicia include ended occupancy, returned keys, and removal of furnishings/movables. Otherwise use eviction judgment and warrant. No general ordinary-property route is stated. |
The ordinary possession articles state no inventory, itemization, photographs, witnesses, packaging, storage location, security, insurance, preservation, or care standard for belongings left after possession is recovered. The factory-built-home privilege in R.S. 9:3259.3 is a separate special route. |
Art. 4701 ordinarily requires a written notice to vacate allowing at least 5 days from delivery, but a written lease waiver permits immediate eviction filing. That is a possession notice, not an abandoned-property notice. The ordinary articles state no belongings notice to the former tenant or apparent third-party owner and no required contents or form. |
Possession sequence: at least 5 days from delivery of an unwaived notice to vacate; rule returnable no earlier than the 3rd day after service; warrant if judgment is not obeyed within 24 hours (arts. 4701, 4732-4733). The ordinary provisions state no property claim, pickup, hold, publication, sale, or extension deadline. |
The ordinary provisions state no claim form, identification or ownership proof, partial retrieval rule, appointment process, moving/storage charge, lien, free window, rent-or-damage payment condition, tender, payment plan, or property-release dispute procedure. |
No ordinary-route value threshold or special rule is stated for trash, perishables, hazards, medicines, medical devices, identity/financial documents, papers, photographs, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, pets, or third-party goods. R.S. 9:3259.3's value and property definitions apply only to its factory-built-home route. |
The ordinary possession articles authorize no public/private sale, auction, bidding, publication, donation, retention, destruction, landlord purchase, or commercially reasonable disposition method for left-behind belongings. Do not import the factory-built-home sale process into an ordinary rental. |
The ordinary provisions state no permitted deductions, order of application, accounting, tenant surplus, hold period, demand method, court/county/state remittance, or unclaimed-funds rule. R.S. 9:3259.3's proceeds rule belongs only to its separate factory-built-home privilege. |
In a federally declared-disaster parish, ended residential occupancy is not abandonment evidence for 30 days after the initial declaration. Failure to comply with art. 4731 gives a residential lessee $500 or twice monthly rent, whichever is greater, plus possible restraining/injunctive relief; court may award costs and attorney fees. Civil Code art. 2700 separately warrants peaceful possession. No ordinary-property disposal immunity is stated. |
| Maine verified 2026-07-22 | 14 M.R.S. § 6013: property remaining after landlord judgment, or abandoned/unclaimed after tenant vacates. Notice differs if tenant remains in possession versus has vacated; storage duty begins after vacancy. Post-vacancy waiver permitted; lease no-liability clause works only with statutory notice. |
After vacancy, landlord must store property in a safe, dry, secured location. Post-vacancy notice must itemize items and containers. No photo, witness, packaging, distance, warehouse, insurance, or separate custody-record rule stated (§ 6013(1), (2)(B)). |
Tenant still in possession: first-class mail with proof to rental-unit address, stating intent to dispose after vacancy. Tenant vacated: same mailing method to last-known address; include itemized items/containers, intent to dispose, and 7-day response warning. No separate third-party-owner notice stated (§ 6013(2)). |
Oral or written claim within 7 days after notice is sent. Timely claimant gets storage through at least day 14, must arrange retrieval by then, and must retrieve by day 14. Pre-vacancy notice cannot allow less than 7 days after mailing or 48 hours after writ service, whichever is longer (§ 6013(2)-(5)). |
Timely claim plus retrieval arrangements by day 14: release cannot depend on any fee, rent arrears, damages, storage costs, or other amount owed. Miss the claim or retrieval clock: landlord may condition release on all rent arrears, damages, and storage costs (§ 6013(3), (5)). |
No dollar threshold or separate rule stated for trash, perishables, hazards, animals, medicine, documents, photographs, keepsakes, essentials, or third-party goods. Disposal shortcut applies only to property with no reasonable fair-market value (§ 6013(5)(D)(3)). |
After no timely claim, or timely claim without retrieval by day 14, landlord may sell for a reasonable fair-market price or dispose of property having no reasonable fair-market value. No auction, publication, bid, appraisal, donation, retention, or landlord-purchase procedure stated (§ 6013(5)). |
Apply sale proceeds to rental arrears, damages, storage costs, and sale costs; forward every remaining balance to Treasurer of State. Section states no deduction order, accounting form, remittance deadline, delivery method, or later tenant-claim period (§ 6013(5)(D)(2)). |
Tenant may waive rights only after or upon vacating; oral waiver must be confirmed in writing. Lease/tenancy-at-will may authorize no-liability disposal only if landlord complies with statutory notice. Section states no damages multiplier, fee award, penalty, immunity beyond that clause, limitations period, or local preemption (§ 6013(6)). |
| Maryland verified 2026-07-22 | Md. Real Prop. § 8-407 applies after residential warrant under §§ 8-401, 8-402, 8-402.1, or equivalent public-local law; it governs final notice/execution, not one statewide disposal route. Section 8-208(d)(6) bars lease self-help clauses unless tenancy ended and property was actually abandoned without formal process. |
Sheriff/constable executes by putting landlord in possession after notice proof; if tenant absent, officer posts completed-repossession notice. Section 8-407 states no inventory, photos of goods, storage location, security/care, warehouse, or removal duty. Pets are inspected and returned or transferred to shelter/rescue (§§ 8-407(c)-(d), 14-806). |
At least 6 days before sheriff-set date (local 4-14): tenant gets first-class mail with certificate, front-door posting + timestamped photo, and email/text if known. Include case/tenant/address, warrant and eviction dates, surrender/redemption terms, redemption amount if available, final-notice warning, statutory belongings/local-law warning, and landlord contacts (§ 8-407(b), (e)). |
Statewide statute sets the pre-execution notice clock, not a post-eviction claim/hold period. Notice remains final even if repossession is stayed. If tenant absent, officer posts that repossession completed. Required warning says local laws/practices about disposal vary; determine any local retrieval, rescheduling, storage, or disposal clock (§ 8-407(b), (d)-(e)). |
Section 8-407 states no statewide claim method, ID/proof rule, partial retrieval, landlord-access duty, storage charge, debt condition, or payment plan. Landlord may charge only actual expense of providing the statutory notice, capped at $5. Local law/practice may supply retrieval and storage rules (§ 8-407(b)(3), (e)). |
No statewide low-value, trash, perishable, unsafe, medicine, document, photo, keepsake, clothing, tool, or bedding rule in § 8-407. Pets are protected: officer immediately inspects; if tenant present, provides pet to tenant; if absent, contacts shelter/rescue, exchanges contact information, and may not leave pet on public property (§ 14-806). |
Section 8-407 prescribes no statewide sale, auction, donation, destruction, landfill, public-way, or landlord-retention method. Its mandatory notice says local laws and practices about disposal vary. The sheriff puts landlord in possession; removal/disposition must be determined under applicable local law and other law. |
No statewide proceeds system appears in §§ 8-407, 14-806, or 8-208(d)(6): no deductions, sale accounting, surplus hold, tenant claim period, government remittance, or escheat destination. A local disposal ordinance may add proceeds rules and must be checked before sale. |
Notice proof creates rebuttable presumption. Sheriff who reasonably doubts notice/redemption must notify court and halt; court finding no notice vacates warrant. Tenant winning § 8-407 violation gets actual damages, attorney fees/costs, injunction to recover premises/property, and other reasonable relief. Localities may set 4-14 days and penalties (§ 8-407(b), (e)-(f)). |
| Massachusetts verified 2026-07-22 | M.G.L. c.239 §§ 3-4: officer removal while executing possession judgment; landlord does not take/store/dispose directly. Cited statute does not create an ordinary voluntary-vacancy shortcut. Animals use immediate officer notification and specified separate routes. |
Officer promptly stores with named licensed/bonded public warehouse; tenant may choose qualifying facility in writing by removal time. Facility must be in Massachusetts within 20 miles. Officer receipt describes goods/packages; warehouse keeps each receipt's goods separate. At least $10,000 fire/theft insurance (§ 4(a)-(b), (d)). |
At least 48 hours before execution, officer notice to defendant identifies move date/time, officer/case, warehouse, rates contact, 6-month auction warning, and address-update duty; serve like summons and file with court (§ 3). Removal receipt in hand or receipted mail. Warehouse receipt within 7 days, hand/receipted mail; monthly first-class lien statements (§ 4). |
Warehouse lien sale barred until at least 6 months' storage. Defendant may postpone sale/disposal 3 months by paying half of storage fees plus reasonable sale-preparation costs. Reclaim all property anytime on lawful storage-fee payment; once inspect/remove sentimental items free (§ 4(d)-(f)). |
Plaintiff advances removal and first 3 months' storage, recoverable from defendant. Storage charges limited to filed, nonrejected, fair-market actual-storage rates; no docking/labor/admin/minimum or non-storage-period fees; credit third-party payments. One free access for inspection/sentimental removal; full retrieval requires lawful storage fees (§ 4(b)-(c), (f)). |
No low-value, perishable, or trash disposal shortcut in §§ 3-4. Officer immediately notifies animal control/police/authorized agent about animals. One free access covers primarily personal/sentimental items, including photographs, passports, documents, and funeral urns (§ 4(a), (f)). |
After 6 months, public auction under M.G.L. c.106 § 7-210(b): interest-holder notice with itemized claim, description, ≥10-day demand, auction warning/time/place; nearest suitable location; newspaper weekly 2 weeks and sale ≥15 days after first publication, or 6-place posting fallback. Tenant may buy parcels; warehouse may buy (§ 4(e)-(f); § 7-210). |
Warehouse satisfies lawful storage lien from proceeds and holds balance for delivery on demand to person entitled to goods. No statutory deadline for remitting unclaimed balance to government in cited sections. Monthly statements and warehouse receipt document charges (§ 4(b), (d)-(e); c.106 § 7-210(f)). |
Reasonable-care liability; no liability release as retrieval condition. Defective warehouse receipt supports omission-caused damages; statutory noncompliance forfeits lien. Up to $5,000 agency civil penalty; defendant may seek damages/injunction; violation is ch.93A violation. Improper lien sale supports damages and willful conversion (§ 4(b), (d)-(h); c.106 § 7-210(i)). |
| Michigan verified 2026-07-22 | MCL 600.5744(1)-(2): writ officer removes all occupants/property, uses public-area/right-of-way or sheriff-delivery route, and determines abandonment. MCL 600.2918(3)(c): non-writ interference is not unlawful only when current rent is unpaid and owner/officer has good-faith abandonment belief after diligent inquiry. |
Writ property is left in an area open to public or public right-of-way, or delivered to sheriff as authorized (§ 600.5744(1)). No inventory, photographs, packaging, warehouse, care, insurance, or landlord storage standard stated for ordinary belongings. |
No statewide post-removal property notice to tenant/apparent owner, mailing/posting method, address rule, inventory, storage-location statement, claim warning, or disposal warning stated in §§ 600.5744 or 600.2918. Eviction-process notices are not belongings-reclamation notices. |
No statewide post-removal claim, pickup, minimum-hold, publication, sale, or disposal deadline stated for ordinary belongings. The serving officer's abandonment determination is not a statutory tenant claim period (§ 600.5744(2)). |
No statutory claim form, identification/proof rule, partial-retrieval right, landlord release procedure, debt condition, moving cost, or storage-charge formula stated for ordinary property after writ removal. |
No dollar threshold or special ordinary-belongings rule for trash, perishables, hazardous items, medicine, documents, clothing, tools, photographs, keepsakes, or apparent third-party goods stated in the surveyed sections. Deceased-tenant contents use a separate § 600.2918(3)(d) route. |
No public/private sale, auction, publication, bidding, donation, retention, destruction, landlord-purchase, or other disposition procedure stated for ordinary writ-removed property. Officer determines abandonment; § 600.5744 does not add a later landlord sale process. |
No deduction order, accounting, tenant-surplus deadline, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-funds period, or later claim route stated for ordinary belongings. |
Removing, retaining, or destroying a possessor's property is unlawful interference unless an exception applies (§ 600.2918(2)-(3)). Tenant may recover possession and greater of statutory minimum or damages; statute is nonwaivable, with 90-day possession and 1-year damages limits. HB 4991 would materially increase monetary remedies. |
| Minnesota verified 2026-07-22 | Minn. Stat. § 504B.271 governs property remaining when a tenant abandons rented premises. Minn. Stat. § 504B.365 separately governs writ execution: 24-hour removal demand, officer removal, and different on-premises versus off-site storage routes. Section 504B.271 also reaches specified post-foreclosure/contract-cancellation occupants. |
Abandonment: landlord takes possession and must store and care for property; no inventory rule (§ 504B.271). Writ/off-site: officer removes all property at plaintiff's expense. Writ/on-site: plaintiff inventories condition in officer's presence, signs/dates it, records release contact and officer badge/name, mails tenant a copy; plaintiff owes reasonable care (§ 504B.365). |
Abandonment sale: reasonable efforts to notify tenant 14 days ahead, personally in writing or by both first-class and certified mail to last-known address/usual abode, plus conspicuous premises posting for 2 weeks. Writ: first-class schedule notice as soon as known plus good-faith phone effort; on-site inventory mailed. Off-site public sale has 3-week owner and publication/posting notice (§§ 504B.271, .365; 514.21). |
Abandonment disposition: 28 days after later of actual notice or reasonable appearance; sale notice 14 days. Written demand: return within 24 hours on-site or 48 hours excluding weekends/holidays off-site. Writ/off-site: § 504B.365 says sale after 60 unpaid days from execution; incorporated § 514.20 separately states 90 days after lien debt becomes due—check both clocks. |
Abandonment landlord has claim for reasonable removal, storage, and care costs but § 504B.271 requires timely return after written demand without stating payment as a condition. Writ/off-site plaintiff has a lien for reasonable removal/care/storage/transport costs and may detain until paid. If possession was unlawful, landlord pays removal/storage/care costs. |
No low-value, trash, perishable, hazardous, medicine, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or third-party-property shortcut stated in §§ 504B.271 or .365. The statute applies to personal property generally; the writ officer removes all defendant property. Vehicles and other title-controlled property may have additional law. |
Abandonment route permits sale or other disposal after 28 days; a sale additionally requires the 14-day notice, but no auction. Writ/off-site route uses a public sale under §§ 514.18-.22: county auction from 9 a.m.-5 p.m., property in view, only enough sold to satisfy the amount; lienholder purchase only at a sheriff/deputy-conducted sale (§§ 504B.271, .365; 514.21-.22). |
Abandonment sale: deduct reasonable removal/care/storage plus authorized rent/default or restoration claims; remaining proceeds paid on tenant's written demand. Incorporated lien sale: disbursements, third-party charges, then lien debt; remainder paid on demand to owner/entitled person. No fixed surplus-hold or state-remittance deadline (§§ 504B.271; 514.20). |
Late return after written demand: actual damages, reasonable attorney fees, and punitive damages up to twice actual damages or $1,000, whichever is greater; housing authorities remain subject to return duty but are excluded from that damages subsection. Writ court may order return plus expenses/fees. Remedies are additional; tenant waiver is void (§§ 504B.271, .365). |
| Mississippi verified 2026-07-22 | Miss. Code §§ 89-8-35 and 89-8-39 govern residential eviction belongings. After possession judgment, judge ordinarily sets move-out 7 days after judgment, subject to shorter/longer compelling-circumstances order. Timely voluntary move-out permits disposal without further notice; forced-removal route begins only when law enforcement removes occupants and places landlord in physical possession. |
Before court move-out date, tenant retains lease-level access. After warrant execution, property remains accessible on premises for 72 hours; statute states no inventory, photos, witness, packing, indoor storage, safekeeping, warehouse, insurance, or itemized record duty. After 72 hours, landlord may move remaining property to curb, garbage area, or another agreed location (§ 89-8-39(1)-(3)). |
Eviction summons is served on person in possession or claiming possession under applicable Mississippi Rules of Court. It must warn of the court-date disposal consequence, law-enforcement removal, 72-hour reasonable-access period, permitted post-72-hour locations, continued retrieval, and no landlord preservation obligation after removal. No second abandoned-property notice is required (§ 89-8-35). |
Judgment move-out date is ordinarily 7 days after judgment, but court may shorten or lengthen for emergency/compelling circumstances. Timely voluntary move-out leaves no later statutory claim period. After executed warrant, reasonable access lasts 72 hours; summons says retrieval may continue after curb/garbage/agreed-location removal, but states no end date or extension rule (§§ 89-8-35; 89-8-39). |
Before ordered move-out, access remains as under rental agreement. For 72 hours after physical warrant execution, landlord must allow reasonable premises access to remove property. Statute states no oral/written claim form, ID/proof requirement, partial-pickup rule, access schedule, moving/storage charge, rent/damage-debt release condition, tender, payment plan, or cost dispute process (§ 89-8-39). |
No value threshold or separate trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, medical-device, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or apparent-third-party rule is stated. The 72-hour access provision expressly includes any manufactured home; vehicles, fixtures, self-storage, active tenancies, and deceased-tenant estates remain outside this survey (§ 89-8-39(3)). |
If tenant moves out by court-ordered date, landlord may dispose of left property without further notice. If tenant moves out within 72 hours after warrant execution leaving property, same rule applies. After 72 hours, landlord may move remaining property to curb, garbage area, or another agreed location. No auction, bidding, sale, donation, valuation, publication, or landlord-purchase method is prescribed (§ 89-8-39). |
Sections 89-8-35 and 89-8-39 prescribe no sale, permitted deductions, accounting, tenant-surplus payment, holding period, court/county/state remittance, or unclaimed-property route. They do not authorize applying disposition value to rent, damages, moving, storage, or court debt. |
Summons must state that after post-72-hour removal the tenant may still retrieve property but landlord has no obligation to preserve it. Statute states no property-specific damages, multiplier, attorney fees, return action, compliance immunity, lease waiver, limitations period, or local preemption. Warrant is not executed by posting alone; law enforcement must remove occupants and put landlord in physical possession (§§ 89-8-35; 89-8-39(2)). |
| Missouri verified 2026-07-22 | RSMo § 441.065 deemed abandonment requires: reasonable belief tenant vacated/intends no return; rent unpaid 30 days; prescribed posted + dual-mailed notice; and no payment/written nonabandonment response within 10 days. Separate § 441.060(5)-(6) route follows judgment/writ when service officer delays >7 days. |
After § 441.065 abandonment, landlord may remove or dispose of remaining property; no inventory, photos, witness, storage, care, insurance, or location requirement. Delayed-officer route requires municipal/county law-enforcement presence and no breach of peace; section states removal, not a storage destination (§§ 441.060(5), 441.065). |
Abandonment notice to tenant: post on premises and mail last known address by both first-class and certified mail, return receipt. Use prescribed text stating 30-day nonpayment, abandonment belief, intended removal/disposal, 10-day written-response right, optional certified response, and landlord name/street address (§ 441.065(3)). |
Rent must already be unpaid 30 days. Tenant then has 10 days after both posting and mailing to pay rent or respond in writing that premises are not abandoned. No later retrieval/hold period. Post-judgment route: officer delay >7 days after writ delivery; landlord acts within 60 days of judgment; files acknowledgment within 5 days (§§ 441.060(5), 441.065). |
Before deemed abandonment, tenant prevents route by paying rent or timely written response. After all elements, § 441.065 states no claim or retrieval period and no moving/storage charge rule. Section does not authorize conditioning a pre-disposal return on rent, damages, storage fees, ID, proof, or appointment. |
Sections state no value threshold or separate rule for trash, perishables, unsafe goods, medicine, medical devices, documents, photos, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, or apparent third-party property. No protected category receives a stated longer hold or special access. |
Section 441.065 authorizes removal or disposal after deemed abandonment but prescribes no public/private sale, auction, publication, donation, destruction, valuation, landlord-retention, or additional notice method. Section 441.060(5) authorizes removal in the delayed-officer route but does not separately state disposal authority. |
Neither cited section establishes a sale-proceeds scheme: no permitted deductions/order, accounting, surplus notice/hold, tenant claim period, government remittance, unclaimed-property destination, or point when a balance becomes landlord's property. Do not infer proceeds rules from general disposal authority. |
Section 441.065 gives no-liability protection for removal/disposal only after statutory abandonment. Section 441.060 removal immunity excludes negligent, willful, or wanton acts/omissions and failure to timely obtain/file officer acknowledgment. Post-judgment entry also requires no stay, officer presence, judgment/execution copy, no breach of peace, and strict clocks. |
| Montana verified 2026-07-22 | MCA § 70-24-430: court-order termination makes property abandoned and permits immediate disposal as allowed by law. Other termination: clear and convincing evidence all left property was abandoned + at least 48 hours after obtaining evidence before removal. Mobile-home-lot rentals use separate § 70-33-430. |
After non-court route, immediately discard trash/hazardous/perishable/valueless items; inventory valuable property, store in safekeeping, and use reasonable care. Landlord or commercial storage allowed. No photo, witness, packaging, distance, insurance, or separate record-retention rule stated (§ 70-24-430(1)-(2)). |
Reasonably attempt written tenant notice by certificate of mailing or certified mail to last-known address. State property must be removed from safekeeping by specified time at least 10 days after mailing and will be disposed of if not removed. No itemized-list, storage-address, charge estimate, publication, posting, email, or apparent-owner notice stated (§ 70-24-430(3)). |
Notice disposal date: at least 10 days after mailing. Tenant must respond in writing on/before that date; after delivery of response, tenant has 7 days to remove property or all property is conclusively presumed abandoned. No failed-mail, weekend/holiday, publication, or extension rule stated (§ 70-24-430(3), (5)). |
Before removal tenant must pay reasonable storage and labor plus removal cost when landlord stores; actual commercial-storage charge plus removal cost when commercial company stores. Section names no ID/proof, partial-pickup, appointment, rent/damage pre-release condition, payment plan, itemization, or dispute procedure (§ 70-24-430(2), (5)). |
After 48-hour trigger, immediate disposal for trash; hazardous (flammable/biohazard/personal-harm capable); perishable (refrigeration or dated food); valueless (insubstantial resale, excluding photos, jewelry, other irreplaceable small items). Labeled leased/rent-to-own item needs lessor contact effort and confirmation of no lien before discard (§ 70-24-430(1)). |
After notice, public/private sale or destruction/other disposal when value is so low that storage/sale cost exceeds reasonable value. Sale must use § 30-9A-610 or sheriff-sale law; UCC route requires every aspect commercially reasonable and restricts landlord purchase at private sale (§§ 70-24-430(4), (7), 30-9A-610(1)-(3)). |
Deduct reasonable notice, storage, labor, and sale costs plus delinquent rent/damages. Remit surplus with itemized accounting. If tenant cannot be found after due diligence, deposit with sale-county treasurer; unclaimed after 3 years reverts to county general fund (§ 70-24-430(8)). |
No responsibility for storage loss unless landlord acted purposefully or negligently; purposeful violation carries actual damages. Terms of section must be given in plain, understandable language upon lease/rental termination. No waiver, fee shifting, statutory multiplier, limitations period, or local-preemption rule stated (§ 70-24-430(6), (9)). |
| Nebraska verified 2026-07-22 | Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 69-2301 to -2314 apply when personal property remains after tenancy termination/expiration and the tenant has vacated. Separate routes: tenant written demand within 14 days of vacating (§ 69-2311), lost property (§ 69-2313), and deceased-tenant authorized-person process before Act disposal (§ 76-1414(5)). |
Landlord may leave property on vacated premises or remove it to a place of safekeeping; reasonable care is required, with liability for intentional or negligent loss. Notice must reasonably describe property, but locked/fastened containers and locked mobile homes need no contents list. No photos, witness, packaging, insurance, or separate inventory record stated (§§ 69-2303(2), -2306). |
Written notice to former tenant and every person reasonably believed to own property. Personally deliver or first-class mail prepaid to last-known address; if receipt there is doubtful, also use another known address where receipt is reasonably expected. Describe property, warn storage costs may be charged, give claim location/deadline, and include the applicable public-sale or under-$2,000 statement. Give notice within 6 months after lease expiration or discovery of abandonment, whichever is later (§§ 69-2303 to -2305). |
Notice claim date: at least 7 days after personal delivery or 14 days after mailing. Public-sale property remains reclaimable before sale. Separate early route: tenant's written request within 14 days after vacating; landlord's itemized charge demand within 5 days after actual receipt; pickup by mutually reasonable time no later than 72 hours after tender. Sale notice runs once weekly for 2 weeks; sale at least 10 days after first publication and last publication at least 5 days before sale (§§ 69-2303, -2307, -2308, -2311). |
Ordinary claim requires reasonable storage and advertising costs; pre-sale claim may add reasonable preparation costs. Storage includes actual reasonable removal/labor costs plus actual storage not above fair rental value of reasonably required space. Former tenant may be charged for all remaining property; another owner only for claimed property; no duplicate charge. Early-demand charges must be written and itemized, then tendered before pickup (§§ 69-2302(9), -2307, -2310, -2311). |
If landlord reasonably believes total resale value is less than $2,000, after failed reclamation the landlord may retain it or dispose in any manner. At that decision, locked containers/mobile homes are opened if practicable with minimal damage and contents evaluated. No separate trash, food, perishable, hazardous, medicine, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or sentimental-property rule stated; reasonably believed lost property first follows other law (§§ 69-2308(1), -2313). |
Property not released must be sold at public sale by competitive bidding unless the under-$2,000 route applies; landlord and tenant may bid. Advertise once weekly for 2 consecutive weeks in a county newspaper; if none, post at least 10 days in at least 6 conspicuous neighborhood places. Sale is at nearest suitable place, with goods description, former tenant, time/place; timing is 10 days after first publication and 5 days after last (§ 69-2308). |
Deduct reasonable storage, advertising, and sale costs. Any proceeds not claimed by the former tenant, another owner, or another interested person must be remitted to the State Treasurer within 30 days after sale under the Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act; claimants then use that Act. No rent/damage deduction, landlord retention of surplus, or separate sale-accounting statement stated (§§ 69-2304(1), -2308(4)). |
Reasonable-care duty; landlord liable for intentional/negligent storage loss. Act-compliant release/disposition has conditional liability protection, but undescribed property and owners whom landlord reasonably should identify/address can fall outside it. Wrongful retention supports actual damages up to property value plus reasonable attorney fees/costs; 3 days is presumptively reasonable for surrender. Other remedies remain available (§§ 69-2303, -2306, -2309, -2312, -2314). |
| Nevada verified 2026-07-22 | NRS 118A.460 covers property abandoned on premises by a former tenant or left after eviction. NRS 118A.030 defines abandoned property as unattended property left after tenancy termination unless owner expressed intent to return. Under NRS 118A.450, known abandonment activates § 460; absent notice, dwelling abandonment is presumed after absence equal to half the periodic-rent interval unless rent is current or tenant gave written intended-absence notice. |
Landlord must reasonably provide safe storage for 30 days after abandonment, eviction, or end of rental period. Statute states no required itemized inventory, photos, witness, packaging, storage distance, or insurance, but allows reasonable actual inventory/moving/storage costs. Storage liability is limited to landlord's negligent or wrongful acts (NRS 118A.460(1)(a)). |
Before disposal after the 30-day period, landlord must make reasonable efforts to locate tenant and notify tenant in writing of intent to dispose. Mail to tenant's present address; if unknown, last-known address. No statutory form, property description, storage location, charge total, claim instructions, disposal method/date, apparent-owner notice, posting, certified-mail, or publication requirement (NRS 118A.460(1)(b)). |
Safe-storage minimum: 30 days after abandonment, eviction, or end of rental period. Disposal also requires 14 elapsed days after written notice; both conditions must be satisfied. During 5 days following eviction or lockout, reasonable opportunity to retrieve essential effects. No separate statutory response method, pickup extension, sale-publication clock, or proceeds-claim period (NRS 118A.460(1), (3)). |
Within 30 days, property is released to tenant or authorized representative rightfully claiming it after landlord may collect reasonable actual inventory, moving, and storage costs. No rent/damage-debt condition, ID list, written-claim mandate, or partial-retrieval rule. Cost-amount disputes may use NRS 40.253(7); essential-access reasonableness disputes may use NRS 40.253(9) (NRS 118A.460(1)(a), (2)-(3)). |
No low-value, valueless, trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or third-party shortcut/protection is stated. Vehicles must follow NRS chapter 487. For 5 days after eviction/lockout, essential effects include medication, baby formula, basic clothing, and personal-care items; list is nonexclusive (NRS 118A.460(1)(c), (3)). |
After 30-day storage plus reasonable location efforts, written mailed intent notice, and 14 elapsed notice days, landlord may dispose and recover reasonable costs out of property or its value. Section states no required public/private sale, auction, competitive bidding, publication, donation, landlord-purchase restriction, valuation threshold, or prescribed disposal method (NRS 118A.460(1)(b)). |
NRS 118A.460 allows reasonable costs to be recovered from property or its value but states no deduction order beyond those costs, itemized accounting, tenant-surplus payment, holding period, or court/county/state/unclaimed-property remittance route. It does not authorize deduction of rent or damage debt from disposition value. |
Landlord may dispose without civil/criminal liability only in the statutory manner; storage liability remains for negligent/wrongful acts. Improper household-goods retention contrary to NRS 118A.520 creates tenant damages under § 118A.390; rent liens/security interests are unenforceable unless created by attachment/garnishment, and distraint is abolished. Statutory procedures exist for disputes over claimed costs and essential access (NRS 118A.460; 118A.520). |
| New Hampshire verified 2026-07-22 | RSA 540-A:3(VII): tenant vacates voluntarily or by eviction; 7-day storage duty. RSA 540-A:4(XII)(a): signed relinquishment by every adult tenant. Abandonment presumption: all tenants physically gone/no intent to return, statutory notice, plus at least 2 of 4 facts (written move notice/date passed; keys returned; most belongings removed/inconsistent remnants; >91 days unpaid rent with assistance conditions). Special unauthorized-occupant/RSA 540-B routes excluded. |
Landlord must maintain and exercise reasonable care storing personal property for 7 days after tenant vacates. In notice-based abandonment route, clock begins day after notice service. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, storage location, distance, safe/dry/secure details, warehouse, insurance, or custody record stated (RSA 540-A:3(VII), :4(XII)(c)). |
General voluntary/eviction route states no property notice. To obtain abandonment presumption, give all tenants written notice by leaving it at premises and certified-mailing last-known address of at least 1 adult tenant. Conspicuously identify specific reasons, advise right to retrieve and file RSA 540-A action, and landlord/agent signs; 12-point model form is statutory safe harbor with premises, circled reasons, 7-day warning, contact/address (§ 540-A:4(XII)(b), (d)). |
Hold 7 days after tenant vacates; for notice-based abandonment, begin day after landlord serves notice. Tenant may recover during period without rent/storage fees. After 7 days landlord may dispose without notice. No claim-response, pickup extension, failed-mail extension, publication, sale, weekend/holiday, or proceeds-claim clock stated (§§ 540-A:3(VII), :4(XII)(c)). |
During 7 days tenant recovers property without paying rent or storage fees. No written/oral claim rule, ID/proof list, partial retrieval, appointment, moving charge, other-debt condition, tender, payment plan, itemized demand, or dispute procedure stated. Statutory abandonment form provides landlord/agent mailing address and telephone number (§§ 540-A:3(VII), :4(XII)(d)). |
No dollar threshold and no separate trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, medical-device, identity/financial-document, personal-paper, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, sentimental, or third-party-property shortcut/protection stated for ordinary tenant property. Same 7-day duty applies to the personal property covered by § 540-A:3(VII). |
After 7-day limit, landlord may dispose without notice. No public/private sale, auction, bids, commercial-reasonableness, publication, donation, retention, destruction sequence, location, valuation, appraisal, or landlord-purchase rule stated (§ 540-A:3(VII)). Special unauthorized-occupant property under § 540-A:4(VII)(c) follows different 48-hour/no-notice routes. |
No sale requirement or proceeds system: no permitted deduction order, accounting, tenant surplus, hold period, delivery method, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-property transfer, or later claim period stated in §§ 540-A:3(VII) or 540-A:4(XII). |
Violation of 7-day storage/retrieval rule: landlord liable only for actual damages plus costs and reasonable attorney fees, not broader RSA 358-A:10 initial-violation remedy. RSA 540-A petition has no filing fee and does not preclude other civil/criminal remedies. Relinquishment/abandonment is affirmative defense, but abandonment does not erase 7-day duty (§ 540-A:4(II)-(III), (IX)(b), (XII)). |
| New Jersey verified 2026-07-22 | N.J.S.A. 2A:18-72: reasonable belief of no further claim plus either executed warrant/restored possession or tenant's written voluntary relinquishment. Act covers tangible goods and manufactured/mobile homes; nonresidential lease exception only. |
After notice, store all property in a place of safekeeping and use reasonable care. Commercial storage permitted; manufactured dwelling/residential vehicle may remain on rented space, elsewhere on premises, or at safe off-site location. No inventory/photo mandate stated (§ 2A:18-75). |
Tenant: certified mail, return receipt requested, or receipted first-class mail to last-known and all known alternate addresses, envelope marked “Please Forward.” State abandonment, location, removal deadline, disposition options, and residential no-unpaid-rent condition. Mobile/manufactured home: also motor-vehicle director and recorded lienholders (§§ 2A:18-73 to -74). |
Ordinary property: notice date ≥30 days after delivery or ≥33 days after mailing, whichever comes first. Mobile/manufactured home: 75/78 days. Timely tenant response extends pickup to later of notice date or 15 days after response; no timely response conclusively establishes abandonment (§§ 2A:18-74, -76). |
Tenant may respond orally or in writing. Residential property claimed on time must be available without payment of unpaid rent, but tenant reimburses reasonable storage/removal costs no higher than local fair-market value (§§ 2A:18-74(c), -77). |
Perishable food may be promptly discarded; animal control or a humane society may remove abandoned animals. No fixed dollar threshold: disposal shortcut uses reasonable determination that value is so low storage plus public-sale cost probably exceeds sale proceeds. Motor vehicles excluded; special longer rules for manufactured/mobile homes (§§ 2A:18-75, -78, -84). |
After conclusive abandonment, public or private sale under UCC Article 9; alternatively destroy/dispose of low-value property, or sell valuable items and dispose of the rest (§ 2A:18-78). |
Deduct reasonable notice, storage, and sale costs, then unpaid rent and charges not security-deposit-covered. Remit balance plus itemized accounting; if tenant cannot be found after due diligence, deposit in Superior Court, with State escheat after 10 years (§ 2A:18-80). |
Good-faith compliance with every act requirement is a complete defense. Noncompliant seizure/retention eliminates storage/removal reimbursement and permits up to twice actual damages. Landlord remains liable for deliberate/negligent storage loss; Uniform Unclaimed Property Act property and motor vehicles excluded (§§ 2A:18-77, -81 to -84). |
| New Mexico verified 2026-07-22 | NMSA 1978 § 47-8-34.1 has 3 routes: rental agreement terminated by statutory abandonment (§ 47-8-34), voluntary surrender, or writ of restitution. Abandonment uses 30-day storage/notice; surrender uses 14-day storage; writ uses 3 days after execution unless owner/resident agree otherwise (§ 47-8-34.1(A)-(C)). |
Abandonment: store all resident property at least 30 days. Surrender: store property at premises at least 14 days. Writ: no storage obligation after 3 days following execution unless otherwise agreed. No inventory, photos, witness, packaging, safe/dry/secure standard, warehouse, distance, insurance, or itemized custody record stated (§ 47-8-34.1(A)-(C)). |
Abandonment notice to resident states intent to dispose on date at least 30 days after notice plus phone/address for retrieval contact. Personally deliver or first-class mail prepaid to last-known address. If returned undeliverable or last-known is vacated unit, also serve at least one other resident-provided work/family/emergency address. Surrender/writ routes state no disposal notice (§ 47-8-34.1(A)-(C)). |
Abandonment: at least 30 days' storage and disposition date at least 30 days after notice; resident may contact/retrieve before stated date and gets reasonable access/adequate opportunities. Surrender: 14 days from surrender with reasonable access. Writ: 3 days after execution unless agreement extends. No business-day, failed-contact extension, or later proceeds-claim period (§ 47-8-34.1(A)-(C)). |
Owner may charge reasonable storage fees for time actually stored and prevailing moving fees, and may require payment before release. No claim form, ID/proof list, partial-retrieval rule, free window, installment plan, or fee-dispute process stated. Owner cannot hold property for other claimed debts or specified unexecuted judgments; exempt-property limit also applies (§ 47-8-34.1(G)-(H)). |
When disposition is otherwise permitted, property with market value under $100 may be disposed of in any manner. No separate trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, document, photograph, keepsake, clothing, tool, or bedding rule. Owner may not retain exempt property where an application for writ of execution has been granted (§ 47-8-34.1(D), (H)). |
Under $100: dispose in any manner. Over $100: owner may sell, or retain for owner's/others' use while crediting fair market value against money due. Writ-route property may be disposed in any manner after 3 days without further notice/liability. No auction, competitive bidding, commercial-reasonableness, publication, donation, appraisal, or owner-purchase restriction (§ 47-8-34.1(C)-(E)). |
Over-$100 sale: apply amounts due/costs, then mail excess to resident's last-known address with itemized receipts/costs within 15 days. Retention: credit fair market value against amounts due and mail excess with itemized value/costs within 15 days. If last-known address is unit, also mail accounting/distribution notice to one other provided work/family/emergency address. No government remittance (§ 47-8-34.1(E)-(F)). |
After 3 writ-route days, owner may dispose in any manner without further notice or liability. Owner may not hold property for other claimed debts or judgments without a previously filed execution application, and may not retain exempt property after execution is granted. Section states no property-specific statutory damages, multiplier, fees, waiver rule, or limitations period (§ 47-8-34.1(C), (H)). |
| New York verified 2026-07-22 | No general statewide abandoned-belongings procedure in Real Property Law art. 7 or RPAPL art. 7. RPAPL § 749 governs execution of an eviction warrant; RPAPL § 768 bars possession removal used to force a lawful occupant out. Local/officer and other law may control after possession ends. |
No general statewide statutory inventory, photograph, packaging, storage-location, or reasonable-care standard for ordinary belongings in the surveyed landlord-tenant/eviction articles. Section 749 directs removal of people and has a separate companion-animal check/care rule. |
No general statewide property-reclamation notice stated. The § 749 notice is at least 14 days' written notice to persons to be evicted, served like a notice of petition; it concerns warrant execution, not property description, storage location, charges, or disposition. Animal-location notice uses reasonable efforts. |
No uniform statewide statutory claim, pickup, holding, publication, or sale deadline for ordinary belongings in these articles. The 14-day § 749 period runs before warrant execution and is not a post-removal property deadline. |
No general statewide statutory claim form, proof-of-ownership rule, partial-retrieval right, or moving/storage charge formula for ordinary belongings in these articles. |
No general low-value, perishable, document, medicine, clothing, tool, or keepsake shortcut/protection stated. Companion animals are separately checked before writ execution and routed for safe care/removal under § 749(2)(b). |
No general statewide statutory public/private sale, auction, donation, retention, destruction, publication, or landlord-purchase procedure for ordinary belongings in these articles. |
No general statewide statutory deduction order, accounting duty, surplus-delivery deadline, or county/state unclaimed-funds route for sale proceeds from ordinary tenant belongings in these articles. |
Possession boundary: intentionally removing an occupant's possessions to induce departure can be unlawful eviction, a class A misdemeanor, and a $1,000-$10,000 civil penalty; restoration failures can add up to $100/day for at most 6 months (RPAPL § 768). These are not a compliant post-tenancy disposal safe harbor. |
| North Carolina verified 2026-07-22 | G.S. 42-25.9(d)-(h), 42-36.2: voluntary abandonment of property worth ≤$750 may use nonprofit route; writ route begins when landlord is placed in lawful possession. Total writ property <$500 uses 5-day shortcut; manufactured homes and deceased-tenant property use separate statutes. |
During post-writ 7 days, landlord may move property for storage but may not sell/dispose. Sheriff may warehouse in same/adjoining county and require delivery plus 1 month's storage in advance (§ 42-36.2(b)). Nonprofit must identify and separately store ≤$750 property for 30 days (§ 42-25.9(d)). |
Nonprofit route: immediately post recipient name/address at premises, post same notice ≥30 days where rent is received, and first-class mail to last known address; no property description (§ 42-25.9(d)). Sheriff gives pre-writ timing/disposal notice personally ≥2 days, at dwelling ≥2 days, or first-class mail ≥5 days (§ 42-36.2(d)). Sale notice by first-class mail ≥7 days states date/time/place and surplus route (§ 42-25.9(g)). |
Voluntary-vacancy presumption after ≥10 days of unanswered inside/outside posting; nonprofit releases free during 30 days. Post-writ: request/retrieve during 7 days; total value <$500 uses 5 days. Sale notice is ≥7 days and may run concurrently with 7-day claim period (§ 42-25.9(e), (g)-(h)). |
Nonprofit release is free within 30 days. Post-writ landlord releases during regular business hours or agreed time upon timely request. If no request within 7 days, summary-ejectment, execution, and storage costs become court costs and a lien on stored property or claim against warehouse-sale proceeds (§§ 42-25.9(d), (g); 42-36.2(b)). |
Two monetary routes: ≤$750 permits qualifying-nonprofit transfer; total writ property <$500 is deemed abandoned after 5 days and may be thrown away/disposed. No separate perishable, hazardous, medicine, document, clothing, tool, photograph, keepsake, or third-party-goods rule stated. Manufactured homes are separate (§ 42-25.9(d), (g)-(h)). |
After ordinary post-writ 7-day period, landlord may throw away, dispose of, or sell; public or private sale requires ≥7 days' mailed notice. Under-$500 writ property may be thrown away/disposed after 5 days. Qualifying nonprofit may dispose after separately identifying/storing for 30 days (§ 42-25.9(f)-(h)). |
Deduct unpaid rent, damages, storage fees, and sale costs. Surplus is paid to tenant on request within 7 days after sale; thereafter deliver it to government of county where rental property is located (§ 42-25.9(g)). |
Improper removal or property interference: recovery of possession/value plus actual damages; no punitive, treble, or emotional-distress damages under Article 2A, and remedies are supplementary (§ 42-25.9(a)-(c)). Contrary lease terms void (§ 42-25.8). Compliant nonprofit protected; sheriff liable for willful/wanton storage negligence (§§ 42-25.9(f), 42-36.2(c)). |
| North Dakota verified 2026-07-22 | N.D.C.C. § 47-16-30.1: leased-dwelling property with total estimated value ≤$2,500. Dispose/retain without legal process 28+ days after landlord received actual notice tenant vacated or it reasonably appeared tenant vacated. Post-eviction lien requires judgment + served special execution + landlord removal. Property >$2,500 outside statutory shortcut. |
Landlord may retain qualifying property and may incur storage/moving expenses. After eviction judgment and served special execution, landlord removes property and receives expense lien. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, custody record, storage location, safe/dry/secure or reasonable-care standard, distance, warehouse, or insurance duty stated (§ 47-16-30.1). |
No tenant, apparent-owner, secured-party, law-enforcement, posting, publication, mail, email, item list, storage-location, charge, deadline, or disposal notice stated. 'Actual notice' is notice received by the landlord that the tenant vacated, not a property notice sent to the tenant (§ 47-16-30.1). |
28+ days after landlord received actual vacancy notice, or 28+ days after vacancy reasonably appeared to landlord. No separate claim, response, pickup, publication, sale, extension, failed-delivery, weekend/holiday, or proceeds-claim clock stated. Higher-value property has no deadline under this section (§ 47-16-30.1). |
Post-eviction removal after judgment + served special execution: lien for reasonable storage/moving expenses and landlord may retain possession until paid. Generally, storage/moving expense above sale proceeds may be recovered from security deposit. No ID/proof, partial retrieval, rent/damage condition, payment plan, itemization, or dispute process stated (§ 47-16-30.1). |
Single shortcut threshold: total estimated value not more than $2,500. No separate trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, medical-device, identity/financial-document, paper, photo, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, sentimental, leased, liened, or third-party exception/protection stated. Prior perfected security interest does outrank eviction-expense lien (§ 47-16-30.1). |
After 28-day trigger, landlord may retain property or dispose without legal process. No public/private sale, auction, bids, commercial reasonableness, appraisal, publication, donation, destruction sequence, location, valuation method, or landlord-purchase restriction stated (§ 47-16-30.1). |
Landlord is entitled to sale proceeds. Storage/moving expenses above proceeds may be recovered from tenant's security deposit. No tenant surplus, accounting, deduction order, hold period, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-property transfer, or later claim period stated (§ 47-16-30.1). |
Post-eviction storage/moving lien does not have priority over a prior perfected security interest. Section states no actual/statutory damages, multiplier, fees, penalty, injunction, immunity, waiver, burden, limitations period, lease-clause limit, or local preemption. Shortcut does not authorize handling property totaling more than $2,500 (§ 47-16-30.1). |
| Ohio verified 2026-07-22 | No general statewide ordinary-belongings procedure in R.C. Chapters 5321 or 1923. Section 5321.15 bars self-help and rent-driven seizure without court order; § 1923.14(A) restores possession by writ. Detailed § 1923.14(B) route is for manufactured/mobile homes and recreational vehicles. |
No general statewide inventory, photograph, packaging, storage-location, safekeeping, or care standard for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the surveyed statutes. Manufactured-home writ property may remain on-site under separate § 1923.14(B). |
No general statewide former-tenant/apparent-owner property-reclamation notice, service method, address rule, or required contents for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the surveyed statutes. |
No uniform statewide claim, pickup, holding, publication, or sale deadline for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the surveyed statutes. The writ-execution timing in § 1923.14(A) is not a property-claim period. |
No general statewide claim form, proof-of-ownership rule, partial-retrieval right, debt condition, or moving/storage charge formula for ordinary post-tenancy belongings. Possessions may not be seized to recover rent without a court order (§ 5321.15(B)). |
No general value threshold or special ordinary-belongings rule for perishables, documents, medicine, clothing, tools, photographs, or keepsakes. Manufactured/mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and their associated property use the separate § 1923.14(B) process. |
No general statewide public/private sale, auction, donation, retention, destruction, publication, or landlord-purchase procedure for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the surveyed statutes. |
No general statewide deduction order, accounting duty, tenant-surplus deadline, government remittance, or unclaimed-funds period for ordinary post-tenancy belongings in the surveyed statutes. |
Landlord violating § 5321.15 is liable for all damages caused plus reasonable attorney fees. The section protects current tenants and tenants whose possession right ended. It supplies no compliant post-tenancy disposal safe harbor; manufactured-home liability rules are separate. |
| Oklahoma verified 2026-07-22 | 41 O.S. § 130 applies after tenant abandons/surrenders possession or is lawfully removed through eviction and leaves household goods, furnishings, fixtures, or other personal property in/around the unit. Separate deceased-tenant route (§ 130.1) and landlord-lien route (§§ 133-134). |
Take possession; except no-value/perishable shortcuts, store all tenant property in safekeeping and exercise reasonable care. May store in abandoned/surrendered unit or commercial storage. No general inventory/photo mandate (§ 130(A), (C)). |
For ascertainable/apparent-value property: written notice to tenant by certified mail at last-known address, stating property will be deemed abandoned if not removed within the time specified. No general apparent-owner notice, itemized description, storage-location, charge, or sale-content list (§ 130(B)). |
Notice specifies the removal time; statute states no minimum notice period. Property left with landlord for 30 days or longer is conclusively abandoned. No separate response/pickup/publication clock (§ 130(B)). |
If removed within statutory timing, landlord is entitled to storage cost plus all other costs accrued under rental agreement. On-unit storage capped at fair rental value; commercial storage includes actual storage and removal charge. Separate proportional landlord lien may retain nonexempt property until debt paid (§§ 130(C)-(D), 133). |
No ascertainable/apparent value: immediate disposal, no accounting/liability; perishables any fit manner (§ 130(A)). Section 133's lien—not disposal—excludes trade tools/books/instruments, family photos, clothing, prosthetics/health aids, bedding, food/cooking items, washing machines, refrigerators, toiletries, and baby-care items. |
After applicable abandonment, landlord may dispose in any reasonable and proper manner; no required auction, public/private sale format, publication, donation rule, or landlord-purchase restriction. Compliant destruction or sale protected (§ 130(B), (E)). |
Section 130 states no sale-proceeds deduction order, accounting, tenant-surplus payment, government remittance, or unclaimed-funds period for apparent-value abandoned property; no-value property expressly carries no accounting duty. Lien foreclosure under § 134 is a separate Title 42 process. |
Compliant destroy/sell/dispose election bars tenant damages. Storage loss requires landlord deliberate/negligent act; deliberate/negligent statutory violation creates actual-damages liability (§ 130(C), (E)). Landlord lien reaches only property reasonably related to debt and excludes § 133 essentials. |
| Oregon verified 2026-07-22 | ORS 90.425 applies after tenancy termination/expiration/relinquishment/abandonment plus reasonable no-further-claim belief; 7 continuous days after an unexecuted court termination; or sheriff restitution under ORS 105.161. Separate vehicle, manufactured/floating-home, deceased-tenant, hazard, and contamination routes. |
After notice, ordinary property must be stored in safekeeping with reasonable care; it may stay in the unit, elsewhere on the premises, at commercial storage, or another safe place. No general inventory/photo mandate. Rotting food may be promptly discarded; animals go to animal control or suitable care (§ 90.425(7)). |
Written notice to tenant by personal delivery or first-class mail to premises, known PO box, and known/provided forwarding address. State abandonment, safe-storage location, contact deadline, removal arrangements/appointment, possible charges, 15-day pickup period, sale/disposal warning, and intended low-value disposal (§ 90.425(3)-(6)). |
Ordinary property: contact deadline at least 5 days after personal delivery or 8 days after mailing. Timely actual notice of intent to remove gives 15 days after response, or any later agreed date. Failure to respond or remove makes property conclusively abandoned (§ 90.425(6), (8)-(9)). |
Landlord makes property available by reasonable-time appointment. For voluntary/ordinary abandonment and unexecuted-order routes, reasonable/actual removal and storage charges may be required before release; after sheriff restitution, storage payment may not be required before release (§ 90.425(5), (7)-(8)). |
Ordinary property may be disposed of if reasonable current fair-market value is $1,000 or less, or storage/public-sale cost probably exceeds sale return. Rotting food may be promptly discarded; animals receive the statutory care route. No named document/photo/medicine/keepsake exception (§ 90.425(7), (10)). |
After conclusive abandonment, public or private sale; ordinary property sale must follow ORS 79.0610. Disposal means throw away or give without consideration to a nonprofit or unrelated person—landlord may not retain for personal use/benefit. Mixed sale/disposal allowed (§ 90.425(1), (10)-(11)). |
Deduct reasonable/actual notice, storage, and sale costs, then unpaid rent. Remit ordinary-property remainder to tenant/owner with itemized accounting; if not found after due diligence, deposit with county treasurer. Unclaimed after 3 years reverts to county general fund (§ 90.425(13)). |
Compliant storage loss requires landlord deliberate/negligent act; deliberate malicious violation allows 2x actual damages. Good-faith complete compliance is a defense; noncompliance can relieve tenant rent/non-gross-negligence damage liability and allow up to 2x actual damages. Narrow post-termination written waiver only; no lease waiver (§ 90.425(15)-(17), (26)-(27)). |
| Pennsylvania verified 2026-07-22 | Act 20 of 1951 § 505.1: property may be deemed abandoned only after listed lease-end, eviction/order, forwarding-address/vacancy, or 15-days-past-due/no-intent-to-return conditions. Deceased-tenant property is excluded. Written lease controls conflicts except protection-order rule. |
Before disposal, exercise ordinary care in handling/securing and make property reasonably available. If requested, retain/store at landlord-chosen place for up to 30 days from notice (§ 505.1(d)). No inventory/photo rule. Never control property on inhabited premises without express tenant permission (§ 505.1(f)). |
Written notice to tenant by first-class mail at leased premises and every tenant-provided forwarding address, including emergency-purpose address. Substantial form identifies premises, 10-day postmark deadline, landlord contact, optional storage through day 30, landlord-chosen location, and tenant storage-cost duty (§ 505.1(e)). |
10 days from postmark to retrieve or request storage. Timely request: retain/store up to 30 days from notice date. Executed-order route plus known/notified protection-from-abuse order: no control/disposal for 30 days from notice; requested storage up to 30 days from request (§ 505.1(d), (h)). |
Tenant retrieves or contacts landlord within postmark-based 10 days; property must be reasonably available. Tenant pays storage costs at landlord-chosen location; statute states no rate cap, rent-payment condition, identification rule, or partial-retrieval restriction (§ 505.1(d)-(e)). |
No dollar threshold or separate low-value, perishable, document, medicine, clothing, tool, or keepsake rule. Deceased-tenant property follows estate law; inhabited-premises property cannot be controlled without express permission; protection-order cases receive the special 30-day rule (§ 505.1(c), (f), (h)). |
After trigger, notice, and applicable storage period, landlord may dispose at discretion; no public/private sale, auction, publication, donation, retention, destruction, valuation, or bidding method stated. Written lease terms control a conflict except the protection-order rule (§ 505.1(a), (g)-(h)). |
No statutory deduction order, sale accounting, tenant-surplus delivery, county/state remittance, or unclaimed-funds period stated in § 505.1. |
Violation subjects landlord to treble damages, reasonable attorney fees, and court costs (§ 505.1(i)). No control/disposal on inhabited premises without express permission; loss of an abandonment condition ends disposal/control authority. Lease controls conflicts except protection-order subsection (§ 505.1(f)-(h)). |
| Rhode Island verified 2026-07-22 | No general landlord-held-property procedure in R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 34-18. Section 34-18-40: abandonment triggers certified 7-day re-rental notice only. Court execution: sheriff/certified constable removal under §§ 34-18-48, -50. Landlord household-goods lien unenforceable and distraint abolished (§ 34-18-42). |
Voluntary abandonment: chapter states no inventory, photos, witness, packaging, custody record, storage location, care standard, warehouse, insurance, or hold duty. Court execution permits moving by sheriff/constable and refers to prepaid storage charges but gives no inventory, storage-site, or care details (§§ 34-18-48, -50). |
Section 34-18-40 requires certified letter, return receipt requested, to tenant's last-known address, allowing 7 days to reply before landlord must try to re-rent; it says nothing about belongings. No statewide post-vacancy property notice, apparent-owner notice, item list, storage location, charges, or disposal warning stated. |
No statutory claim, pickup, minimum-hold, publication, sale, or extension deadline for voluntarily left property. Court-execution § 34-18-50 requires payment before release but states no retrieval deadline or unclaimed-property clock. The 7 days in § 34-18-40 governs contact before re-rental efforts, not property disposal. |
Court execution: tenant pays all moving costs and prepaid storage charges to sheriff, constable, or other lawful remover before holder releases property; remover supplies written paid-in-full release and authorization, and payment reimburses landlord. No ID, proof, partial retrieval, payment plan, itemization, or dispute procedure stated (§ 34-18-50). |
No general statute states a dollar threshold or separate rule for trash, perishables, hazards, animals, medicine, documents, photos, keepsakes, essentials, sentimental items, or third-party goods. The chapter does not authorize a low-value shortcut for voluntarily left property. |
No general statutory public/private sale, auction, publication, donation, retention, destruction, valuation, commercial-reasonableness, landlord-purchase, or disposal method for tenant belongings. Section 34-18-50 addresses release after court-ordered moving but not later disposition. |
No statutory deduction order, sale accounting, tenant surplus, holding period, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-funds transfer, or later claim period for tenant belongings. Section 34-18-50 addresses moving/prepaid-storage reimbursement only. |
Landlord household-goods lien unenforceable; distraint for rent abolished (§ 34-18-42). Lease cannot waive chapter rights or exculpate/limit landlord liability; deliberate use of known prohibited clause permits actual damages, up to 3 months' rent, and reasonable fees (§ 34-18-17). Self-help possession barred except abandonment, surrender, or chapter authority (§ 34-18-44). |
| South Carolina verified 2026-07-22 | S.C. Code § 27-40-730: abandonment after unexplained absence 15 days following rent default, or immediately when tenant voluntarily ends utilities and is unexplainedly absent after default. Direct ≤$500 route also requires abandonment/lease end plus substantial-property removal or permanent utility termination. Other goods require ejectment (§§ 27-37-10 to -150); post-eviction curbside route is § 27-40-710(D). |
≤$500 route: landlord may enter, forcibly if needed, and dispose; no inventory, photo, witness, custody, or storage duty. Other property: removal only through ejectment. Writ officer presents/posts writ and gives 24 hours to vacate; post-eviction property may be placed on public street/highway. No statutory safekeeping standard (§§ 27-40-730; 27-37-160; 27-40-710(D)). |
≤$500 abandonment route states no property notice. Ejectment writ: officer presents copy; if occupied/no response, posts it conspicuously, then waits 24 hours. Notice of eviction must clearly inform tenant that curbside property follows § 27-40-710(D)'s 48-hour/weekend-holiday and trash-collection rules. No separate inventory, storage-location, charge, or sale notice. |
Abandonment presumption: 15 unexplained-absence days after rent default, or immediate with voluntary utility termination plus unexplained absence after default. Writ: 24 hours to vacate with property. Curbside: officials remove after 48 hours excluding Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, but normal debris collection may remove before/after; landlord in no-collection locality may dispose after 48 hours (§§ 27-40-730, -710(D); 27-37-160). |
No statutory claim form, ID/proof, partial retrieval, landlord-storage charge, payment condition, or protected pickup window. The post-eviction property is placed curbside; normal public trash/debris collection may occur before the 48-hour period ends (§ 27-40-710(D)). |
Direct-disposal threshold is fair-market value ≤$500 and requires the additional substantial-removal or permanent-utilities condition. No special rule for perishables, hazards, medicine, papers, photos, keepsakes, clothing, tools, bedding, pets, or third-party goods. Property outside subsection (d) must use ejectment route (§ 27-40-730(d)-(e)). |
≤$500 qualifying property: landlord may dispose; no auction, sale, donation, publication, or landlord-retention method specified. Other goods: only court ejectment removal; curbside property goes to municipal/county normal debris disposal, or landlord may dispose as local trash normally is when locality does not collect after 48 hours (§§ 27-40-730(d)-(e), -710(D)). |
No statutory sale or proceeds route for ordinary residential property under §§ 27-40-730 and -710(D); therefore no deductions, accounting, surplus hold, owner-demand period, or county/state unclaimed-funds remittance is prescribed. |
If landlord uses subsection (d) but property exceeds $500, no liability absent gross negligence (§ 27-40-730(f)). Wrongfully dispossessed tenant may sue for damages (§ 27-37-140); unlawful removal/exclusion permits possession or termination plus 3 months' rent or twice actual damages, whichever greater, and attorney fees (§ 27-40-660). Local officials have stated immunity when eviction notice omitted § 27-40-710(D) warning. |
| South Dakota verified 2026-07-22 | SDCL §§ 43-32-25 to -26: residential property left after lessee quits. Total reasonable value ≤$500: presumed abandoned after 10 days. Value >$500: mandatory storage, landlord cost lien, abandonment/disposal after 30+ stored days. No separate voluntary-vacancy, surrender, judgment, writ, officer, or warehouseman route stated. |
≤$500: no storage duty stated before 10-day presumption. >$500: lessor must store property. No inventory, itemization, photos, witness, packaging, record, storage location, safe/dry/secure standard, reasonable-care duty, distance, warehouse, or insurance rule stated (§§ 43-32-25 to -26). |
No tenant, apparent-owner, lienholder, law-enforcement, or public notice required in §§ 43-32-25 to -26; no mail, personal service, posting, publication, email, item list, storage location, charge estimate, deadline warning, proof, or statutory form stated. |
≤$500: 10 days after lessee quits premises. >$500: after lessor has stored property for 30 days or more. No separate claim-response, pickup-extension, sale, publication, failed-delivery, weekend/holiday, or proceeds-claim deadline stated (§§ 43-32-25 to -26). |
For >$500 property, lessor has lien only to extent of handling and storage costs. Sections state no payment-before-release rule, reasonable/actual qualifier, written/oral claim, ID/proof, partial retrieval, appointment, rent/damage condition, tender, payment plan, itemized demand, or dispute procedure (§ 43-32-26). |
Single threshold is total reasonable value of $500. No separate trash, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, medical-device, identity/financial-document, paper, photo, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, sentimental, leased, liened, or third-party-property exception/protection stated (§§ 43-32-25 to -26). |
After applicable 10-day or 30-day period, lessor may dispose of abandoned property. No public/private sale, auction, bids, commercial-reasonableness, appraisal, publication, donation, retention, destruction sequence, location, valuation method, or landlord-purchase rule stated (§§ 43-32-25 to -26). |
No sale requirement or proceeds system: no deduction order, accounting, tenant surplus, hold period, delivery, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-property transfer, or later claim period stated in §§ 43-32-25 to -26. |
Section 43-32-26 creates only a lien for handling/storage costs and authorizes disposal after 30+ days. Sections state no conversion remedy, statutory or actual damages, multiplier, fees, penalty, injunction, immunity, waiver rule, burden, limitations period, lease-clause limit, or local preemption. |
| Tennessee verified 2026-07-22 | Tenn. Code § 66-28-405 is URLTA-only: chapter 28 applies only in counties above 75,000 by the 2010 census. Route (a): unexplained/extended absence ≥30 days without rent paid as due. Route (b): rent 15 days late + facts indicating permanent vacancy + 10-day notice. It is not a statewide post-eviction rule. |
After lawful reentry under either abandonment route, landlord removes possessions/personal effects and stores them at least 30 days (§ 66-28-405(c)). Section states no inventory, photographs, witness, itemization, storage location, security, insurance, or care standard. |
For the 15-day/factual route, post at premises and send by prepaid regular mail to premises. State abandonment belief; reentry unless contact within 10 days; intended removal/rerental; 30-day reclaim/disposal warning; landlord phone and mailing address. Section states no separate notice for 30-day-absence route or later sale (§ 66-28-405(b)). |
Route (b) tenant has 10 days after both posting and mailing to contact landlord. Under either route, reclaim within the ≥30-day storage period after landlord takes possession of goods; only afterward may sale/disposal occur. Any sale balance is held 6 months after sale (§ 66-28-405(b)-(c)). |
Tenant may reclaim from landlord during 30-day period. Section states no required written claim, ID/proof, appointment, partial-pickup rule, release condition, or pre-release charge. Storage fees may be deducted from sale proceeds, but § 66-28-405(c) does not say rent, damages, or fees may condition retrieval. |
Section covers possessions and personal effects without a low-value, trash, perishable, hazardous, medicine, document, sentimental-item, trade-tool, or third-party-property shortcut. It states no valuation standard or protected-category list (§ 66-28-405(c)). |
After at least 30 days of storage without reclamation, landlord may sell or otherwise dispose of the possessions and personal effects. Section does not prescribe public auction, private sale, publication, competitive bidding, donation, destruction criteria, location, or a landlord-purchase rule (§ 66-28-405(c)). |
Apply sale proceeds to unpaid rent, damages, storage fees, sale costs, and attorney fees; statute states no ordering or accounting method. Landlord holds any balance for 6 months after sale. Section does not state notice, claim mechanics, government remittance, or destination after 6 months (§ 66-28-405(c)). |
Section states no special damages, fee shifting, immunity, waiver, or disposal remedy. In covered counties chapter 28 occupies and preempts the landlord-tenant field, and counties may not add or enforce conflicting/additional regulation. Do not apply this URLTA process outside § 66-28-102's covered counties. |
| Texas verified 2026-07-22 | No single universal route. Abandoned-premises removal boundary (§ 92.0081(b)(2)); unpaid-rent landlord lien only for nonexempt goods under a qualifying written lease (§§ 54.041-.045); separate writ/warehouseman route (§§ 24.0061-.0062). |
Lien seizure: no breach of peace; immediately leave entry notice and itemized removal list in dwelling; abandoned-premises contents may be removed (§ 54.044). Writ: officer-supervised nearby placement, municipal container, or bonded/insured warehouse; landlord cannot be required to store (§ 24.0061). |
Lien sale: tenant gets both first-class and certified mail, return receipt requested, at last known address, at least 30 days before sale; include sale details, itemized debt, contact, and redemption right (§ 54.045). Warehouse: officer hand-delivers notice or mails within 72 hours if tenant absent; later auction notice goes to all known claimants (§§ 24.0062, 7.210). |
Warehouse: free redemption while removal is underway; first 30 days for protected items on item-attributable charges; after day 30 and before sale, all goods on all unpaid moving/storage charges (§ 24.0062). Lien-seized goods may be redeemed any time before sale; sale notice is at least 30 days (§ 54.045). |
Lien route: full delinquent rent plus reasonable packing/moving/storage/sale costs only if written lease authorizes those costs (§§ 54.044-.045). Warehouse: protected items require only charges attributable to them during first 30 days; later retrieval requires all unpaid moving/storage charges; charges must be reasonable (§ 24.0062). |
No stated low-value or perishable shortcut in these routes. Landlord lien excludes listed essentials and known third-party/financed goods (§ 54.042). Warehouse first-30-day protections cover similar essentials plus cash, without conditioning retrieval on charges for other goods (§ 24.0062(e)-(f)). |
Landlord-lien sale/disposal requires written-lease authority; sell to highest cash bidder after notice (§ 54.045). Warehouse sale only after 30 days and under § 7.210: auction notice, at least 10 days after receipt to pay, then two weekly publications and sale at least 15 days after first publication. Writ may instead use nearby curbside placement or a municipal container (§ 24.0061). |
Lien route: apply proceeds first to delinquent rent and lease-authorized reasonable costs; mail surplus within 30 days after sale and provide accounting within 30 days after written request (§ 54.045). Warehouse: satisfy lien and hold balance for the person entitled to delivery; no separate remittance deadline stated (§ 7.210(f)). |
Willful landlord-lien violation: actual damages, unsold property or sale proceeds, one month's rent plus $1,000 less tenant liability, and attorney fees (§ 54.046); waiver/diminishment is void (§ 54.043). Warehouse proceedings allow actual damages, fees, costs, and return/value relief; willful defective sale can be conversion (§§ 24.0062(k), 7.210(i)). Landlord has writ-enforcement protection (§ 24.0061(i)). |
| Utah verified 2026-07-22 | Voluntary route: § 78B-6-815 presumes abandonment on either (a) no absence notice + rent unpaid 15 days after due + no occupancy evidence except belongings, or (b) no absence notice + rent unpaid when due + belongings removed + no occupancy evidence. Owner's served declaration plus no timely written dispute establishes abandonment as a matter of law. Post-restoration route: property removed/stored under § 78B-6-812(4) is deemed abandoned and sent to § 78B-6-816. Motor vehicles are excluded (§ 78B-6-816(4)). |
After voluntary abandonment, owner may remove property from dwelling, store it for tenant, and recover actual moving/storage costs; § 816 states no storage-place/care standard or photo/witness requirement. After restitution, sheriff/constable may move property to a suitable safe-storage location or delegate inventory/moving/storage to plaintiff, who must use a suitable place and reasonable manner (§§ 78B-6-812(4)(b), 78B-6-816(2)(a)). |
Possession declaration: tenant; owner contact address, brief factual basis, service date/time, and statutory/substantially similar 24-hour dispute warning; served under § 78B-6-805. Property notice: owner must both post a copy conspicuously and first-class-mail tenant's last-known address, stating property is considered abandoned. Public-sale notice must be mailed to that address at least 5 calendar days before sale (§§ 78B-6-815(2), 78B-6-816(2)(b)(i), (9)). No inventory, storage-location, charge-total, or sale-date content list. |
Declaration dispute: 24 hours after service, excluding Saturday, Sunday, and court-closed holidays. Restitution order ordinarily gives 3 calendar days after service to vacate; listed exceptions apply. Property retrieval/written ownership demand: within 15 calendar days from property-notice date/sending. Mandatory extension up to 15 more calendar days on specified proof. Post-writ essentials access within 5 business days after removal. Sale notice at least 5 calendar days before sale; enforcement hearing set within 10 calendar days after request or as soon as practicable (§§ 78B-6-812(2), (4)-(5), 78B-6-815(2), 78B-6-816(2)-(3), (7), (9)). |
Tenant/occupant claims by written demand with ownership evidence and payment of inventory, moving, and storage costs; tenant may retrieve within 15 days by tendering all such costs. After restitution, no general access until removal/storage costs paid in full, but reasonable access to listed essentials must be given within 5 business days. Statute authorizes actual moving/storage costs and reasonable inventory/removal/storage costs, not a rent-payment condition for release (§§ 78B-6-812(4)(c), 78B-6-816(2)-(3)). |
No dollar threshold. No storage required for chemicals, pests, dangerous/hazardous materials, animals, gas/fireworks/combustibles, garbage, perishables, or items creating hazard/pest issues; they may be properly disposed immediately after abandonment, without tenant recovery. Motor vehicles excluded. After restitution, tenant gets five-business-day access to clothing, ID, financial/immigration/employment documents, public-service documents, medical information, prescriptions, and needed equipment; personal animals go to present tenant or animal control with posted custody notice (§§ 78B-6-812(4)(c), (e)-(f), 78B-6-816(4), (6), (8)). |
After at least 15 calendar days' storage, no reasonable recovery effort, unpaid reasonable inventory/removal/storage costs, and no pending property hearing, owner may conduct public sale and apply proceeds to tenant debt, or donate to charity if commercially reasonable. Sale notice mailed at least 5 calendar days beforehand. Present tenant controls sale order; owner sells only enough to satisfy allowed amounts and releases unsold goods. If absent, all items may be sold (§ 78B-6-816(2)(b)(iii), (9)-(11)). |
Sale proceeds may cover amounts tenant owes. With tenant present, only enough may be sold for rental-agreement amounts and statutorily allowed damages, costs, and fees; unsold goods released. If absent, all may sell; surplus over owner amount is paid to tenant if current location known, otherwise disposed under Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act. Section 816(2)(c) also directs leftover money to Title 67, Chapter 4a, Part 2 (§ 78B-6-816(2)(b)-(c), (10)-(11)). |
Owner may avoid liability for lost abandoned property if required written demand is not received; tenant has no recourse for damage/loss after failing to recover as required and cannot recover for proper immediate disposal of excluded items. Restitution-enforcement disputes may receive a hearing. Declaration-established abandonment is rebutted by clear/convincing evidence. Section 816 preserves lessor/contractual liens rather than replacing them (§§ 78B-6-812(5), 78B-6-815(2)(d), 78B-6-816(2)(d), (3), (5), (8)). |
| Vermont verified 2026-07-22 | Two statutes by trigger. Abandonment/vacatur route — 9 V.S.A. § 4462 (Residential Rental Agreements Act): a tenant 'abandons' only if the unit reasonably appears no longer occupied full-time, rent is not current, AND the landlord made reasonable efforts to learn the tenant's intentions (§ 4462(a)); this governs unclaimed property of an abandoning tenant, and a separate rule (§ 4462(d)) covers property left when the tenant gave actual notice of vacating or vacated at lease end. Post-eviction route — 12 V.S.A. § 4854a: property remaining after a writ of possession is executed. |
Abandonment route: the landlord must place property, except trash, garbage, or refuse, 'in a safe, dry, secured location' and may dispose of trash, garbage, or refuse (§ 4462(c)(1)). No inventory, photographs, itemized list, or witness is required. The post-eviction route sets no storage-condition standard — § 4854a simply authorizes disposal after the applicable waiting period. |
Abandonment route only: written notice mailed to the tenant's last known address stating the landlord intends to dispose of the property after 60 days if it is not claimed and reasonable storage and other fees are paid (§ 4462(c)(1)). No notice is required under the post-eviction route (§ 4854a), or where the tenant gave the landlord actual notice of vacating or vacated at the end of the rental agreement (§ 4462(d)). |
Abandonment route: 60 days from the date of the notice to claim (§ 4462(c)). Post-eviction route: dispose 15 days after a writ of possession is served or upon restoration to possession, whichever is later; 40 days in a mobile-home-park (10 V.S.A. ch. 153) rent-into-court eviction; and one day after restoration if the court stayed the writ (§ 4854a(a)-(b)). No weekend/holiday or extension rule is stated. |
Abandonment route: to claim within 60 days the tenant must give a reasonable written description of the property and pay the fair and reasonable cost of storage plus related reasonable expenses; the landlord must then immediately make the property available at a reasonable place (§ 4462(c)). No free-retrieval window, ID requirement, partial-pickup rule, or payment plan is stated. The post-eviction route provides no retrieval mechanism — it authorizes disposal, not storage. |
The abandonment route separates 'trash, garbage, or refuse' (disposable immediately) from all other property, which must be stored and noticed (§ 4462(c)(1)). Vermont sets no dollar-value threshold and names no protected category — no carve-out for documents, photographs, medicine, or keepsakes — so everything that is not trash follows the same 60-day route. The post-eviction route draws no property-type distinctions. |
Neither statute prescribes a sale. Under the abandonment route, unclaimed property simply 'shall become the property of the landlord' after 60 days (§ 4462(c)(2)); under the post-eviction route the landlord may 'dispose of' the property after the waiting period 'without notice or liability' (§ 4854a). There is no auction, competitive-bid, commercially-reasonable-sale, or notice-of-sale requirement, and the landlord may keep the property. |
No statutory sale, so no proceeds accounting, surplus, tenant claim period, or unclaimed-funds route; unclaimed property becomes the landlord's outright (§ 4462(c)(2)). Rent is handled separately — an abandoning tenant remains liable for rent until the lease expires, unless the landlord re-rents, which terminates the agreement on the new tenancy date (§ 4462(b)). |
A landlord who follows the applicable route disposes 'without notice or liability' (§ 4462(d); § 4854a) — a compliance safe harbor. But each route is trigger-specific: § 4462's storage-and-notice duty applies only to an abandonment meeting all of § 4462(a)'s elements, and § 4854a applies only to property left after a writ of possession is executed. Disposing of a tenant's property outside those triggers falls outside both safe harbors and can support a conversion claim. Possession itself is recovered through the court ejectment process (12 V.S.A. ch. 169). |
| Virginia verified 2026-07-22 | Va. Code §§ 55.1-1249, -1254 to -1255: ordinary route requires terminated agreement plus delivered possession; separate sheriff route follows court-ordered removal. Uncertain abandonment uses a 7-day rebuttable-presumption notice. |
Ordinary route may leave goods in unit/premises or landlord storage; no inventory/photo mandate. Post-writ sheriff oversees removal to public way unless landlord designates storage, which may be the unit. No statutory care standard; risk-of-loss liability excluded until disposal (§§ 55.1-1254 to -1255). |
Notice to tenant only: termination notice, § 55.1-1249 7-day notice, or separate 10-day notice must warn of disposal within the following 24 hours. Serve under § 55.1-1202 at last known residence; agreed electronic notice is allowed with proof. Sheriff writ notice includes tenant rights and § 55.1-1255. |
Termination route: 24 hours after termination. Uncertain-abandonment route: 7 days to state continued occupancy, then 24 hours. Separate notice: 10 days, then 24 hours. Post-writ: 24 hours after eviction. Reasonable access continues until actual disposal (§§ 55.1-1249, -1254 to -1255). |
Tenant receives reasonable access; statute states no written-claim, ID, full-debt-payment, or storage-payment prerequisite. If sold, reasonable selling/storage/safekeeping costs may be deducted; post-writ route also permits reasonable eviction-process costs (§§ 55.1-1254 to -1255). |
No dollar threshold or separate perishable, document, medicine, keepsake, or third-party-property list in §§ 55.1-1254 to -1255. After the applicable period, all remaining covered personal property follows the same disposition authority. |
After the applicable 24-hour period, landlord may dispose of property as seen fit or appropriate, including sale; no auction, publication, appraisal, donation, or bid procedure stated. Public-way property must be removed or disposed of after 24 hours (§§ 55.1-1254 to -1255). |
Credit sale funds to tenant; deduct amounts due plus reasonable selling/storage/safekeeping costs, and post-writ eviction costs. Treat surplus as a § 55.1-1226 security deposit: written disposition/refund generally within 45 days; after no forwarding address, State Treasurer remittance allowed one year later. |
Denied reasonable retrieval access supports injunction or other relief. Landlord/sheriff have no risk-of-loss liability during the 24-hour period and until disposal. Landlord lien/distress rights preserved. § 55.1-1202 gains extra nonpayment-termination content July 1, 2027; disposal sections unchanged. |
| Washington verified 2026-07-22 | RCW 59.18.310: rent default plus words/actions reasonably indicating no intent to resume tenancy. RCW 59.18.312: separate execution-of-writ route. Deceased-tenant property excluded from § .310 and follows RCW 59.18.595. |
Abandonment: landlord may take property and store it in any reasonably secure place; no inventory/photo mandate (§ .310). Writ: landlord takes possession; storage is mandatory on timely request, optional absent request, barred on tenant objection; otherwise nearest public property (§ .312). |
Abandonment: tenant notice names landlord/address, storage place, sale/disposal date, and return right; first-class mail to last known and written/actually known likely-receipt addresses satisfies reasonable efforts. Writ: sheriff gives rights notice and storage form; later sale notice is mailed or personally delivered (§§ .310, .312). |
Abandonment: written return request before disposition; sale/disposal after 45 days from mailed/personal notice, or 7 days for cumulative value ≤$250. Writ: storage request received within 3 days after writ service; stored-property costs within 30 days; sale notice then 30 days over $250 or 7 days at ≤$250 (§§ .310, .312). |
Written request required in abandonment route; pay lower of actual or reasonable drayage/storage. Post-writ storage request may be delivered, mailed, or faxed; disability that prevents request creates presumed storage request; return also requires lower actual/reasonable drayage/storage (§§ .310, .312). |
$250 cumulative-value threshold. At ≤$250, personal papers, family pictures, and keepsakes cannot use the 7-day sale/disposal shortcut; they may be included after the ordinary 45-day or post-writ 30-day route. No separate perishable, medicine, or hazardous-item rule stated (§§ .310, .312). |
After applicable notice, landlord may sell or dispose; statute states no auction, publication, appraisal, or bidding method. Writ-route property not stored must be placed on nearest public property; stored unsold items may be disposed after the sale clock (§§ .310, .312). |
Abandonment: apply proceeds to money due, including capped drayage/storage; hold surplus 1 year, then it becomes landlord's property. Writ: deduct only capped drayage/storage; hold surplus 1 year, then deposit with Department of Revenue under ch. 63.30 RCW (§§ .310, .312). |
Chapter rights generally nonwaivable. Distress for rent abolished. Wrongful taking/detention plus refusal after written demand allows property value, actual damages, intentional-refusal damages up to $500/day and $5,000 total, plus prevailing-party fees. No express compliant-disposal immunity (§ 59.18.230). |
| West Virginia verified 2026-07-22 | W. Va. Code § 37-6-6: abandonment plus rent arrears/unpaid, posted 1-month rent notice, then possession and separate property notice; housing-authority/no-rent-condition variant uses 1-month written-response notice. § 55-3A-3(h)-(i): possession order plus failure to remove by court-set date/time; written abandonment/garbage, stored-property, and on-premises routes. |
Desertion: after possession, landlord may take/remove; belongings may remain or go to a place of safekeeping. Court route: landlord may remove/store or leave on property; sheriff must guard against damage when removing tenant. No inventory, photos, witness, packaging, safe/dry/secure standard, warehouse, insurance, or itemized custody record stated (§§ 37-6-6(c)-(e), 55-3A-3(f), (h)). |
Desertion property notice to tenant: post conspicuously; send first-class with certificate of mailing, envelope marked 'Please Forward,' to leased property, known tenant PO box, and most recent known/provided forwarding address. State premises abandoned, property/removal location, 30-day deadline (60 active duty), and ownership-forfeiture warning. Court route states no post-order property notice; order itself sets vacate/removal date/time (§§ 37-6-6(c)-(d), 55-3A-3(f), (h)). |
Desertion: first post 1-month rent/respond notice; after possession, property deadline at least 30 days after mailing, or at least 60 days if tenant notified landlord/housing authority of active military duty. Court route: remove by order's date/time; otherwise ordinary stored/on-site property has 30 days before disposal conditions apply. Over-$300 property: up to 30 additional days if tenant/secured party gives intent and pays costs (§§ 37-6-6, 55-3A-3(h)-(i)). |
Desertion over-$300 extension requires tenant or secured party to inform landlord of intent and pay reasonable storage/removal costs. Court route retrieval requires taking possession and paying reasonable storage/removal costs, or reasonable costs of leaving property on premises; stored property may be disposed when costs equal value. No claim form, ID/proof list, partial retrieval, free window, payment plan, itemized bill, daily rate, or dispute process stated (§§ 37-6-6(e), 55-3A-3(h)-(i)). |
Value over $300 triggers possible extra 30-day storage; $300-or-less property gets no extension. Court route permits immediate disposal without liability if tenant states in writing that property is abandoned or if it is garbage. No separate food, perishable, hazardous, animal, medicine, device, document, photo, keepsake, clothing, tool, bedding, or sentimental-property rule. Secured parties share the over-$300 extension right (§§ 37-6-6(e), 55-3A-3(h)-(i)). |
Desertion: after deadline, tenant forfeits ownership and property becomes landlord/housing-authority property. Court route: landlord may dispose after written abandonment/garbage or after 30-day cost/retrieval conditions; over-$300 extension may delay disposal. No public/private sale, auction, competitive bids, publication, commercial-reasonableness, donation, destruction sequence, location, valuation method, or landlord-purchase restriction (§§ 37-6-6(d)-(e), 55-3A-3(h)-(i)). |
Neither route requires a sale. The statutes state no deduction order, sale accounting, tenant surplus, hold period, court/county/state remittance, unclaimed-property process, or later proceeds claim. Desertion property becomes the landlord's/housing authority's property after forfeiture; court-route disposal carries no stated compensation (§§ 37-6-6(d), 55-3A-3(h)). |
No-liability protection attaches to statutory disposal: desertion requires the possession and notice path; court route requires order deadline plus applicable written-abandonment/garbage or 30-day cost/retrieval conditions and any over-$300 extension. Sheriff must guard against property damage during tenant removal. Sections state no tenant damages, fees, waiver rule, limitations period, or local overlay (§§ 37-6-6(c)-(e), 55-3A-3(f), (h)-(i)). |
| Wisconsin verified 2026-07-22 | Wis. Stat. § 704.05(5): after tenant removes or is evicted and leaves property, presumed abandoned absent contrary written agreement. Fast route requires written no-storage notice at entry/renewal. If notice omitted, § 704.05(5)(bf) revives 2009 storage/disposition procedure. Post-writ landlord route is subject to § 799.45(3m). |
Disclosed no-storage route permits disposal without ordinary storage; no inventory/photo/witness/care rule. Medical items held 7 days. Legacy route permits on/off-site lien storage with actual/reasonable removal/storage cost, landlord-value storage, or storage without lien/return. Sheriff route separates sheriff handling from landlord removal (§§ 704.05(5), 799.45). |
Fast route prerequisite: written notice at entry or renewal that landlord will not store left property except medical items. Manufactured/mobile home or titled vehicle: pre-disposal notice to tenant and actually known secured parties, personally or regular/certified mail to last known address. Legacy storage notice within 10 days states daily charges; disposal notice warns of sale/other means (§ 704.05(5)). |
Fast route has no ordinary claim period; medical items held 7 days from discovery and returned on request before disposal. Titled-property section states notice but no fixed wait. Legacy route: disposition after 30 days from personal service/mailing; tenant may claim remaining sale proceeds for 60 days. Current tenant/secured party may redeem before disposal/contract (§ 704.05(5)). |
Current route: tenant or secured party redeems before disposal contract by paying disposition expenses. Medical request has no stated payment condition. Legacy lien may include actual/reasonable removal/storage or actual/reasonable landlord-storage value, but not premises damage, past/future rent, or premises rent as storage; medical items are lien-free and promptly returned (§ 704.05(5)). |
No low-value, trash, perishable, hazardous, document, photo, keepsake, clothing, or tool threshold. Current route protects prescription medication and prescription medical equipment for 7 days. Manufactured/mobile homes and titled vehicles require special notice. Disposal power reaches tenant/third-party property but is subject to service-member protections (§ 704.05(5)(am)-(c)). |
With no-storage disclosure, landlord may dispose in any manner deemed appropriate, including private/public sale; no auction/publication rule. Medical items wait 7 days; titled categories require notice. Without disclosure, old route permits private/public sale or other appropriate means only after 30-day notice; landlord may alternatively store and return (§ 704.05(5)). |
Fast route: after private/public sale, landlord may send net proceeds after sale costs and prior storage charges to Department of Administration homeless-services appropriation; section states no tenant surplus-hold duty. Legacy route deducts sale/storage costs, holds net for tenant 60 days, then sends unclaimed net to Department of Administration (§ 704.05(5)(a), (bf); 2009 § 704.05(5)). |
Fast presumption yields to contrary landlord-tenant writing. Third-party ownership/security interests do not defeat disposal power, but tenant/secured party may redeem before disposition contract; service-member protections apply. Self-storage facilities excluded. If no no-storage disclosure, using fast route is improper because incorporated 2009 process controls (§ 704.05(5)(bf)-(cm)). |
| Wyoming verified 2026-07-22 | W.S. §§ 1-21-1201 to 1-21-1211 (Residential Rental Property Act). Trigger: the owner regains lawful possession following termination of the rental agreement — termination includes expiration, mutual agreement, a § 1-21-1203(d) health-and-safety termination, the renter's pre-expiration abandonment, or court order (§ 1-21-1201(a)(v)). One owner-run disposal route (§ 1-21-1210). A holdover renter is removed only by court eviction under W.S. 1-21-1001 et seq., after which the sheriff may remove possessions (§ 1-21-1211(a)). Mobile-home lots and occasionally rented recreational property are excluded (§ 1-21-1201(a)(iv)). |
The owner may immediately dispose of trash and property reasonably believed hazardous, perishable, or valueless and abandoned; valuable property may be removed and stored in safekeeping, either owner-stored or commercially (§ 1-21-1210(a)-(b)). The Act requires no inventory, photographs, itemized list, witness, or particular storage location or care standard, and the owner 'is not responsible for any loss to the renter resulting from storage' (§ 1-21-1210(c)). |
For valuable property, the owner must give the renter written notice describing the property and stating it will be disposed of after 7 days from service unless the renter takes possession or gives written notice of intent to take possession (§ 1-21-1210(a)(i)). Service is deemed complete on the date of certified mailing to an address the renter furnished in writing for this purpose, personal service under Rule 4 of the Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure, or newspaper publication in the county (§ 1-21-1210(a)(i)(A)-(C)). No separate third-party-owner notice, storage-address, or charge-amount content is required. |
Seven days from service of notice to take possession or respond in writing (§ 1-21-1210(a)(i)). No written response within 7 days conclusively abandons the property (§ 1-21-1210(a)(ii)). A timely written response holds the property an additional 7 days after the response is received; failure to take possession within 'the additional fifteen (15) day period' conclusively abandons it (§ 1-21-1210(a)(iii)). Time runs from service, which may be the date of mailing, personal service, or publication. |
Before removing the property the renter must pay storage costs for the safekeeping period plus the cost of removal to storage — reasonable storage if the owner stores it, actual storage if stored commercially (§ 1-21-1210(b)). The Act sets no early free-retrieval window, ID or proof-of-ownership requirement, partial-pickup rule, or payment plan, and does not condition release on unpaid rent; rent and damages run through the security deposit instead (§§ 1-21-1208, 1-21-1211(b)). |
Trash and property the owner reasonably believes hazardous, perishable, or valueless and abandoned may be disposed of immediately (§ 1-21-1210(a)). Wyoming adds a strong presumption: any property remaining in the unit after termination 'shall be presumed to be both valueless and abandoned.' The Act names no protected category — no carve-out for documents, photographs, medicine, or keepsakes — so only the notice route for property the owner treats as 'valuable' separates protected items from immediate disposal. |
Once property is conclusively deemed abandoned, the owner 'may retain or dispose of the property' (§ 1-21-1210(a)(ii)-(iii)). The Act prescribes no public auction, competitive bidding, commercially-reasonable sale, notice-of-sale, or minimum-price procedure, and does not bar the owner from keeping the property. Immediate disposal is authorized for trash and hazardous, perishable, or valueless items without the notice route. |
The Act authorizes disposal, not a regulated sale, so there is no proceeds accounting, surplus, renter claim period, or unclaimed-funds route; the owner may simply retain or dispose of abandoned property (§ 1-21-1210(a)). Rent arrears and damage are handled separately through the security deposit under W.S. 1-21-1208, with the renter liable for damages beyond the deposit plus 10% annual interest (§ 1-21-1211(b)). |
The owner 'is not responsible for any loss to the renter resulting from storage' (§ 1-21-1210(c)) and is not liable for mental-suffering claims under the Act (§ 1-21-1203(e)). Self-help against a renter still in possession is not authorized: removing a holdover renter's possessions requires a court order under W.S. 1-21-1001 et seq., after which the sheriff may act without further court action (§ 1-21-1211(a)). The Act states no statutory-damages or attorney-fee remedy against an owner for premature or defective disposal; general conversion law otherwise governs. |
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