North Dakota: Month-to-Month Tenancy Termination Notice Requirements

Requirements one by one

Governing law

North Dakota's rule is one section of the property code's leasing chapter: N.D. Cent.
Code § 47-16-15. It applies statewide to residential leases (and others). North Dakota has
no statewide just-cause requirement and it bars local rent control (§ 47-16-02.1), so for
an ordinary month-to-month tenancy the whole question is the length of notice and, in one
situation, the calendar.

Landlord's and tenant's notice period

The period is one calendar month and it is the same for both sides. For an ordinary
month-to-month tenancy, "unless the parties have otherwise agreed in writing to a longer
notice period or a different notice time, either party may terminate the tenancy by giving
at least one calendar month's written notice at any time" (§ 47-16-15(2)). Because the
statute says "either party," the two clocks are symmetric. Note the wording: it is "one
calendar month," measured on the calendar, not a flat 30 days — a month's notice given
March 10 runs to April 10. No reason has to be given. (A tenant gets one shortcut: if the
landlord changed the lease terms under § 47-16-07, the tenant may end the lease at the end
of the month on just 25 days' notice, § 47-16-15(3).)

When termination takes effect

This is where North Dakota splits in two. For an ordinary month-to-month tenancy, the
notice may be given "at any time," the tenancy ends on the termination date named in it,
and "the rent is due and payable to and including the date of termination"
(§ 47-16-15(2)) — a free-floating end date, prorated to that day, not pushed to the first
or last of a month. But for a tenancy that became month-to-month by holding over after
a fixed lease expired (a conversion under § 47-16-06 or § 47-16-06.1), the rule is
different: "either party may terminate the lease on the last day of a month with at least
one calendar month's notice" (§ 47-16-15(5)) — the end date must be the last day of a
month. So the first thing to know is which kind of month-to-month you have.

What the lease can change

A lease may set "a longer notice period or a different notice time" (§ 47-16-15(2)), but it
cannot cut the notice below the one-calendar-month floor. North Dakota adds a distinctive
protection for tenants: any residential-lease term that makes the tenant give notice
"exceed[ing] one month from the end of a month" must be spelled out and have "space for the
lessee to initial next to the notice requirement." If the tenant did not initial it, the
term does not bind — the tenant "may terminate the lease on the last day of a month with at
least one calendar month's notice" regardless (§ 47-16-15(4)). In short, a longer
tenant-notice clause is unenforceable unless the tenant separately initialed it.

Just-cause limits

North Dakota has no statewide just-cause law: a timely, proper notice ends a month-to-month
tenancy for any reason or none, subject to fair-housing law. The state also preempts local
rent control — "a political subdivision may not enact, maintain, or enforce an ordinance or
resolution that would have the effect of controlling the amount of rent charged"
(§ 47-16-02.1) — so the rules are largely uniform statewide. Ending the tenancy on paper is
not the same as removing the tenant: if a holdover tenant stays, the landlord's remedy is a
court eviction action, not a self-help lockout.

What trips people up

It's "one calendar month," not 30 days. North Dakota measures the notice by the
calendar (§ 47-16-15(2)). A month's notice given on the 10th runs to the 10th of the next
month, which can be more or fewer than 30 actual days.

A holdover month-to-month ends only on the last day of a month. If your tenancy became
month-to-month by staying past a fixed lease, the termination must land on a month's last
day (§ 47-16-15(5)) — unlike an ordinary month-to-month, which can end on any day.

A long-notice lease clause has to be initialed. A lease term making you give more than
one month's notice is unenforceable unless you initialed it specifically (§ 47-16-15(4)).

It must be in writing. Section 47-16-15 requires "written notice." A verbal notice does
not end a month-to-month tenancy.

Common questions

I'm month-to-month and want to move out. How much notice? At least one calendar month's
written notice, which you can give at any time; you owe rent through the termination date
(§ 47-16-15(2)).

Does my move-out have to be on the first or last of the month? For an ordinary
month-to-month tenancy, no — you can end it on any date one calendar month out
(§ 47-16-15(2)). If your tenancy became month-to-month by holding over, it must end on the
last day of a month (§ 47-16-15(5)).

Can my landlord end my tenancy without a reason? Yes. North Dakota has no statewide
just-cause law, so one calendar month's written notice needs no reason. The landlord still
must go to court to remove you if you stay.

My lease says I must give 60 days' notice — is that valid? Only if you initialed that
term when you signed (§ 47-16-15(4)). If you did not, you may end the lease on the last day
of a month with one calendar month's notice.

Statutes and sources

• N.D. Cent. Code § 47-16-15 — notice of termination of lease: one calendar month's written
  notice for a month-to-month tenancy, given at any time with rent due through the
  termination date (subsection 2); a 25-day tenant option after a change of terms
  (subsection 3); an initialing requirement for longer tenant-notice clauses (subsection 4);
  and an end-of-month rule for tenancies converted to month-to-month by holdover
  (subsection 5).
  https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf (accessed 2026-07-16)
• N.D. Cent. Code § 47-16-02.1 — rent controls prohibited: a political subdivision may not
  enact, maintain, or enforce an ordinance controlling the amount of rent charged for
  private residential or commercial property.
  https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf (accessed 2026-07-16)