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California Labor Guidance

Free plain-English summaries of opinion letters, administrative policies, and interpretive notices from California's labor agency, with the current status and the official source on every page.

278 documents · Updated July 6, 2026
35 documents Payroll-Practices

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Reducing exempt employees' work schedule and salary to avoid layoffs

A law firm asked whether an employer could cut exempt employees' workweek from five days to four with a corresponding pay reduction, as a temporary alternative to layoffs during the 2009 recession. DL…

Opinion Letter August 19, 2009

Credit available against prevailing wages for apprenticeship training trust payments

A public works contractor asked whether it could credit its full $0.60/hour training trust contribution — more than the $0.45/hour specified in the prevailing wage determination — against its prevaili…

Opinion Letter February 4, 2009

Wage deduction authorization for overpayments due to payroll practice

A law firm asked whether an employee's electronic timesheet reporting unpaid time off, submitted after a biweekly advance payment, counts as authorization to deduct the resulting overpayment from the …

Opinion Letter November 25, 2008

Money Network Checks as a means of payment of wages

A law firm asked whether "Money Network Checks" — un-denominated checks that employees authorize and cash at designated ACE Cash Express or Wal-Mart locations, drawn on funds held in trust at a bank —…

Opinion Letter July 7, 2008

Payroll/debit cards as a means of payment of wages

Two payroll-card providers asked whether their payroll debit card programs, which let employees access direct-deposited wages through a bank-issued card, comply with Labor Code sections 212 and 213 go…

Opinion Letter July 7, 2008

Electronic delivery of itemized wage statements

An employer asked whether it could deliver legally required itemized wage statements electronically instead of on paper. DLSE concluded electronic wage statements satisfy Labor Code section 226(a)'s "…

Opinion Letter July 6, 2006

Resident employees at 24-hour care facilities: sleep time and lodging charges

A residential care facility asked the DLSE whether "resident employees" who live on-site but aren't required to stay there must be paid for sleep time, and how much the facility may charge them for ro…

Opinion Letter April 23, 2003

Pay tied to collecting patient bills isn't a valid exempt salary

A psychological treatment center paid its licensed psychologists and assistants a percentage of collections received from patients or insurers, often months after services were rendered, and asked whe…

Opinion Letter January 15, 2003

Payroll payment by cash-dispensing machine

A union attorney asked whether it was legal for an employer to pay "day laborers" through a leased cash-dispensing machine (CDM) that charged a $1 fee and paid out only in bills, rather than by a stan…

Opinion Letter December 12, 2002

Negative election to participate in 401(k) plans

A benefits attorney asked DLSE to reconsider its 1998 opinion that "negative election" 401(k) enrollment (automatically deducting a contribution unless the employee opts out) violates California law, …

Opinion Letter August 12, 2002

Tardiness

A manufacturing employer's counsel described a proposed plan to refuse to let late-arriving employees clock in until the top of the next hour, so they'd be paid for less than eight hours. DLSE pointed…

Opinion Letter June 13, 2002

Alternative workweek: reduction of pay not allowed

A dialysis-clinic worker wrote to DLSE's public info line after her hourly rate was cut twice as her employer moved her from an 8-hour training schedule to 10-hour and then 12-hour shifts, each time l…

Opinion Letter May 22, 2002

Semimonthly pay periods for nonexempt salaried employees

An employer paid non-exempt salaried employees semimonthly and listed a flat 86.67 "averaged" hours per pay period on wage statements rather than the actual, varying hours worked. DLSE held this viola…

Opinion Letter May 17, 2002

Disciplinary deductions from an exempt employee's salary

An attorney e-mailed DLSE's Info Web Site asking whether an employer may dock a full week's pay from an exempt employee for disciplinary reasons, or deduct a lesser amount such as one or two days' pay…

Opinion Letter May 6, 2002

Salary basis requirements for exempt employees under Labor Code §515

Responding to an inquiry from the Chairman of the Industrial Welfare Commission, Labor Commissioner Arthur Lujan set out DLSE's enforcement position on the "monthly salary" requirement for exempt stat…

Opinion Letter March 1, 2002

Electronic pay statements and direct deposit: employer must furnish a hard copy

A payroll-services attorney asked DLSE about a proposed "paperless" payroll system letting employees view pay statements and direct-deposit confirmations securely online instead of on paper. DLSE said…

Opinion Letter November 10, 1998

Electronic (phone/computer) authorization for payroll deductions can satisfy Labor Code 224

An employer asked whether authorizing payroll deductions (for benefits elections) by telephone or computer transmission, rather than a signed paper form, satisfies Labor Code section 224's requirement…

Opinion Letter July 31, 1998

ATM/draft-based payroll delivery service for over-the-road truck drivers satisfies Labor Code 212

A law firm described a client's proposed payroll delivery service for over-the-road truck drivers, letting drivers access all or part of their wages while on the road through direct deposit, ATM withd…

Opinion Letter October 21, 1997

Follow-up on the remuneration test: hourly overtime pay to exempt employees, per Boykin v. Boeing

This is DLSE's follow-up to its April 28, 1997 letter to the same attorney on the "remuneration" requirement for the administrative, executive, and professional exemptions. That earlier letter had rel…

Opinion Letter September 3, 1997

Salary basis: DLSE revises its 'remuneration' test for the administrative/executive/professional exemptions

An employment attorney asked DLSE eleven detailed questions about how the "remuneration" requirement in the IWC Wage Orders' administrative, executive, and professional exemptions should be construed.…

Opinion Letter April 28, 1997

Expense reimbursement by mandatory direct deposit may not be compelled

A national payroll company asked whether it could require its California employees, as a condition of employment, to receive business expense reimbursements only through direct deposit rather than by …

Opinion Letter March 21, 1997

Direct deposit of wages must be to an in-state financial institution

An attorney asked DLSE to confirm that direct deposit of employee wages complies with California wage payment law, and whether wages could instead be deposited into an out-of-state financial instituti…

Opinion Letter November 12, 1996

Electronic (paperless) time recording is lawful if retrievable and printable on request

An attorney asked whether an employer's proposed phone-based, paperless time-recording system, which posted printouts for four days before recycling them and relying solely on the computer database, c…

Opinion Letter July 20, 1995

Paying exempt employees extra for hours beyond 10 in a day doesn't jeopardize their exempt status

A company's chief operations officer asked whether paying exempt employees for hours worked in excess of 10 in a day would jeopardize their exempt status under the California Industrial Welfare Commis…

Opinion Letter March 3, 1994

Electronic PayTM card deposits can satisfy California wage-payment law, with a caveat on out-of-state bank records

Counsel for a payment-services firm asked whether Citibank's voluntary PayTM electronic debit-card program — used to pay employees who lack bank accounts, with pay deposited to a card accessible at AT…

Opinion Letter February 3, 1994

Employer may not deduct the cost of reissuing a lost or stolen payroll check from wages

A law firm asked whether an employer may charge an employee for the cost of replacing a lost or stolen payroll check, arguing a lost check differs from the cash-loss scenarios addressed in prior Labor…

Opinion Letter January 27, 1994

A flat 1/24th-of-annual-salary payday schedule doesn't satisfy Labor Code section 204's pay-period timing rules

A law firm asked whether an employer could pay both exempt and non-exempt salaried employees exactly 1/24th of their annual salary on the 15th and last day of each month, regardless of the actual numb…

Opinion Letter April 19, 1993

Direct-deposit wages must still be available to the employee within the Labor Code's payday deadlines, and termination always cancels the authorization

An employer using a direct-deposit payroll system asked whether an intervening bank holiday that delays funds reaching an employee's account past Labor Code §204's seven-day payday deadline is excused…

Opinion Letter December 18, 1992

Absent a specific agreement stating a different number of hours, the workday defaults to eight hours for reporting-time-pay purposes

An employer's counsel asked whether a company that does not schedule daily hours of work could pay only the two-hour minimum reporting-time pay under Wage Order 7-80 rather than more. DLSE explained t…

Opinion Letter January 30, 1992

An 'explicit wage agreement' must specifically fix daily/weekly hours and the true regular rate; California, unlike federal law, does not permit a fluctuating workweek

An employer representative wrote to DLSE tracing the caselaw on "explicit wage agreements" that set the regular rate of pay as an hourly wage, for dairy workers under Wage Order 14-80. DLSE agreed wit…

Opinion Letter January 29, 1992

48-hour weekend 'on duty' shifts for non-resident workers get no overtime exemption, and lump-sum weekend pay doesn't satisfy the hourly-rate requirement

A retirement facility's counsel asked what overtime rules apply to two weekend-only workers who would be "on duty" from Friday afternoon to Sunday afternoon, a total of 48 hours, and whether they coul…

Opinion Letter November 1, 1991

A foreseeable mechanical breakdown is not 'a cause not within the employer's control' excusing reporting-time pay

A citrus packing plant that suffers mechanical breakdowns shutting down its wholly mechanical operation asked whether Wage Order 5(C)(3)'s exception to reporting-time pay -- for interruptions "caused …

Opinion Letter March 8, 1989

Payday timing for unscheduled overtime and commissions under semi-monthly pay periods (Labor Code § 204)

A corporate personnel officer asked DLSE to clarify Labor Code § 204's timely-payment rules for wages earned in excess of an employee's normal work period, and for commissions, under a semi-monthly pa…

Opinion Letter May 5, 1988

Electronic payroll deposit requires voluntary employee authorization

An employer's personnel director asked whether the company could establish an automatic electronic payroll deposit system. DLSE confirmed that Labor Code Section 213 permits automatic deposit into an …

Opinion Letter January 7, 1987

Quarterly incentive bonus payments must still meet Labor Code Section 204's payday timing

An attorney asked DLSE to review a client's "Quality Incentive Bonus Plan" against Labor Code Sections 204 (payday timing) and 210 (penalties for late wages). DLSE confirmed that paying the bonus quar…

Opinion Letter December 23, 1986

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These are official interpretive documents from California's labor agency: opinion letters answering questions from employers and workers, administrative policies, and interpretive notices. They show how the agency applies wage-and-hour and workplace law to real situations, but they are guidance, not statutes or court decisions, and the agency can supersede or withdraw them. Every page above shows the document's current status, when that status was last verified, and a link to the official source.

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