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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
875 determinations S-Corporations

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PLR

Corporation received 120 days to file late S election

A corporation's four shareholders intended S corporation treatment from a specified effective date, but the corporation inadvertently failed to timely file Form 2553. Based solely on the submitted fac…

202415002·April 12, 2024
Approved
PLR

Corporation received relief for an inadvertent S election termination

Two trusts acquired stock in an S corporation but their trustee failed to make timely electing small business trust elections. Because the trusts were then ineligible shareholders, the corporation's S…

202414001·April 5, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT elections caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

Shares of an S corporation were held through two trusts after an individual shareholder died. The trusts met the requirements for electing small business trusts, but their trustees did not timely make…

202413006·March 29, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election did not end S corporation status

An S corporation shareholder's stock passed from a grantor trust to a successor trust after the grantor's death. The successor trust qualified to be a qualified subchapter S trust, but its sole benefi…

202412004·March 22, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election was treated as an inadvertent S-election failure

Shares passed from a deceased shareholder to a trust before a corporation's S election became effective. The trust qualified as a qualified subchapter S trust, but its beneficiary did not timely make …

202411001·March 15, 2024
Approved
PLR

S corporation received more time for a QSub election

An S corporation formed a wholly owned domestic subsidiary and intended to treat it as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary from formation. The parent inadvertently failed to file the QSub election on …

202410007·March 8, 2024
Approved
PLR

Parent received 120 days to file a QSub election

An S corporation wholly owned a domestic subsidiary and intended QSub treatment from the same date as the parent's S election. The parent inadvertently failed to file the subsidiary election on time, …

202410004·March 8, 2024
Approved
PLR

Late S corporation and two QSub elections received relief

A corporation intended S corporation status from its formation date but did not timely file Form 2553. It also wholly owned two corporations intended to be QSubs from the same date but did not file th…

202410003·March 8, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election received inadvertent termination relief

A trust acquired shares in an S corporation and met the substantive requirements for qualified subchapter S trust status, but no timely QSST election was made. The trust therefore became an ineligible…

202410002·March 8, 2024
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT election did not end the corporation's S status

A trust eligible to be an electing small business trust acquired all shares of an S corporation, but its trustees did not timely file the ESBT election, technically terminating the corporation's S ele…

202408001·February 23, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missing elections for nine trusts caused only an inadvertent S termination

After a shareholder died, an original trust covered by a Section 645 election transferred its S-corporation shares to nine successor trusts. Eight were intended to be qualified subchapter S trusts and…

202407005·February 16, 2024
Approved
PLR

S corporation received relief for QSST distribution failures

Two trusts holding stock in an S corporation converted from electing small business trusts to qualified subchapter S trusts. Their trustees later failed to distribute all trust income currently, which…

202405003·February 2, 2024
Approved
PLR

S election restored after two missed ESBT elections

An S corporation transferred ownership interests to two trusts, but their trustees did not timely elect to treat the trusts as electing small business trusts. Those failures caused the corporation's S…

202403002·January 19, 2024
Approved
PLR

S election restored after inherited shares entered two trusts

Two trusts acquired shares in an S corporation under a will, but their trustees did not timely elect to treat them as electing small business trusts. The missed elections caused the corporation's S el…

202403001·January 19, 2024
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election did not end the corporation's S status

An S corporation's shares were held by a grantor trust that later stopped qualifying as an eligible S corporation shareholder. The shares were transferred to another trust that could qualify as a qual…

202401004·January 5, 2024
Approved
PLR

Corporation received 120 days to file its late S election

A corporation's sole shareholder intended the company to be an S corporation from its formation date, but the company inadvertently failed to file Form 2553 on time. The IRS concluded that the company…

202401003·January 5, 2024
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT election did not end S corporation status

A grantor trust held stock in an S corporation and remained an eligible shareholder for two years after the grantor's death. When that period ended, the trust met the substantive requirements for an e…

202352017·December 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

Subsidiary received QSub relief after the parent corrected incomplete ownership

An S corporation elected to treat a subsidiary as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, but the election was ineffective because the parent did not own all of the subsidiary's stock. After discovering …

202352001·December 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

Late S corporation election was treated as timely

A corporation intended to be treated as an S corporation from a specified date but did not timely file Form 2553. The IRS found reasonable cause for the late election and granted relief under section …

202351002·December 22, 2023
Approved
PLR

Late trust elections did not end S corporation status

An S corporation's shareholder died, and shares passed under the will to three trusts. Two trusts made qualified subchapter S trust elections even though they did not meet the QSST requirements, then …

202349006·December 8, 2023
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT election did not end S corporation status

Shares of an S corporation passed under a shareholder's will to a trust for one income beneficiary, who elected qualified subchapter S trust treatment. When the beneficiary died, the trust stopped qua…

202349005·December 8, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation received relief for a trust's late ESBT election

An S corporation shareholder left stock to a trust for a sole income beneficiary, who elected qualified subchapter S trust treatment. When that beneficiary died, the trust ceased to be a QSST but coul…

202349004·December 8, 2023
Approved
PLR

Partnership ownership caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

An S corporation's shares were acquired by a limited liability company classified as a partnership for federal tax purposes. Because a partnership is not an eligible S corporation shareholder, the acq…

202348006·December 1, 2023
Approved
PLR

Corporation received 120 days to file a late S election

A corporation's shareholders intended the company to be an S corporation from a specified effective date, but the company inadvertently failed to file Form 2553 on time. Section 1362(b)(5) allows the …

202348003·December 1, 2023
Approved
PLR

Inadvertent S corporation election defects excused

A limited liability company elected S corporation status, but its election was ineffective from the start for two reasons. A corporate owner was treated as holding an interest on the effective date, a…

202347006·November 24, 2023
Approved
PLR

Inadvertent S corporation termination excused after ownership change

An S corporation's shares were held through a disregarded limited liability company owned by two grantor trusts. When the grantor died, the limited liability company became a partnership and therefore…

202347005·November 24, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation status preserved after missed trust elections

Several trusts received interests in an S corporation, but their beneficiaries did not timely make qualified subchapter S trust elections and the original trust documents did not meet the QSST require…

202345006·November 10, 2023
Approved
PLR

Late S corporation year-splitting election allowed

Two shareholders transferred a substantial portion of an S corporation's stock to two trusts during the corporation's tax year. The corporation intended to elect under Treas. Reg. § 1.1368-1(g)(2) to …

202345005·November 10, 2023
Approved
PLR

Missed trust election does not invalidate S status

A trust owned stock in a corporation when the corporation's S election became effective, but the trust beneficiary did not file the required qualified subchapter S trust election. The trust was theref…

202345001·November 10, 2023
Approved
PLR

S status restored after testamentary trust deadline

An estate transferred S corporation shares to a trust under a will. The trust could remain an eligible S corporation shareholder for two years after the transfer, and it otherwise met the requirements…

202344005·November 3, 2023
Approved
PLR

S status restored after second stock class

An S corporation's operating agreement gave shareholders different rights to distributions and liquidation proceeds by allocating amounts through capital accounts before using ownership percentages. T…

202344004·November 3, 2023
Approved
PLR

S status preserved after shareholder becomes nonresident

Shares in an S corporation were transferred to a resident alien who later changed residence and became a nonresident alien. Because an S corporation cannot have a nonresident alien shareholder, the ch…

202344002·November 3, 2023
Approved
PLR

Successor corporation may make early S corporation election

A corporation became the successor to a limited liability company whose S corporation election terminated when the company became a disregarded subsidiary. The successor corporation's shareholders lat…

202343024·October 27, 2023
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives inadvertent S election termination relief

An S corporation transferred shares to an individual who was a resident alien at the time. The shareholder later became a nonresident alien, making the shareholder ineligible and terminating the corpo…

202343022·October 27, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation status preserved after a trust failed QSST requirements

An S corporation shareholder transferred stock to a grantor trust and later died. After the two-year period in which the trust remained an eligible shareholder following the owner's death, the benefic…

202342001·October 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Missed trust elections did not end S corporation status

An S corporation had two trust shareholders whose required elections were not timely filed. One trust remained a shareholder after its two-year post-death eligibility period ended, but its beneficiary…

202340011·October 6, 2023
Approved
PLR

Trust split caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

An S corporation shareholder was a qualified subchapter S trust whose income beneficiary died. Until the trust formally divided, it maintained three separate shares for three successor beneficiaries, …

202340009·October 6, 2023
Approved
PLR

Trust split caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

An S corporation shareholder was a qualified subchapter S trust whose income beneficiary died. Until the trust formally divided, it maintained three separate shares for three successor beneficiaries, …

202340008·October 6, 2023
Approved
PLR

Missed trust election caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

An estate transferred S corporation stock to a trust under a will. The trust was an eligible shareholder for two years after the transfer, and it met the requirements for electing small business trust…

202340005·October 6, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation received relief for a late QSST election

An S corporation lost its status after a grantor trust shareholder's deemed owner died and the trust's income beneficiary failed to make a timely qualified subchapter S trust election. The trust becam…

202340002·October 6, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS treats an S corporation's election as continuing despite two missed trust elections

An S corporation accidentally lost its S status because two trusts that came to hold its stock never filed the elections needed to be eligible shareholders. After a shareholder died, his shares went i…

202337001·September 15, 2023
Approved
CCA

The S portion of an ESBT may carry a net operating loss that passed through from its S corporation into another year

An electing small business trust (ESBT) is a special kind of trust allowed to own S corporation stock. For tax purposes it is split in two: the "S portion," which holds the S corporation stock and is …

202335014·September 1, 2023
Advice
PLR

IRS grants a single-member LLC late corporate-classification and late S corporation elections

A single-owner LLC wanted to be taxed as an S corporation but failed to file either required election on time: Form 8832 (to be treated as a corporation) and Form 2553 (to elect S status). It asked th…

202334010·August 25, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a single-member LLC late corporate-classification and late S corporation elections

A single-owner LLC intended to be taxed as an S corporation but failed to file either required election on time: Form 8832 (to be treated as a corporation) and Form 2553 (to elect S status). It asked …

202334004·August 25, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS lets a single-member LLC file both a late corporate-classification election and a late S corporation election

A single-owner LLC wanted to be taxed as an S corporation, which requires two elections: first electing to be treated as a corporation (Form 8832), then electing S corporation status (Form 2553). The …

202334003·August 25, 2023
Approved
PLR

New owner gets IRS consent to re-elect S corporation status inside the usual 5-year waiting period

A corporation had been an S corporation, but its S election terminated. Under section 1362(g), once an S election is terminated, the corporation normally cannot elect S status again for five years unl…

202330009·July 28, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation status restored after four trusts forgot to file their ESBT elections

A company had elected to be taxed as an S corporation, a pass-through structure that limits who may own the stock. Four trusts later acquired shares. Each trust could have qualified as an eligible own…

202329002·July 21, 2023
Approved
PLR

LLC receives relief for late corporate-classification and S corporation elections

An LLC intended to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation and to elect S corporation status from the same effective date, but it filed neither Form 8832 nor Form 2553. Based on the s…

202327001·July 7, 2023
Approved
PLR

Missing ESBT elections do not invalidate S corporation status

A corporation filed an S corporation election while five trusts held its stock. The trusts qualified in substance as electing small business trusts, but their trustees did not timely file the required…

202326004·June 30, 2023
Approved
PLR

Entity receives late corporate and S corporation election relief

A domestic multi-member eligible entity intended to be treated as an S corporation from the date it was formed. It did not timely file either Form 8832 to elect association status or Form 2553 to elec…

202326002·June 30, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants 120 extra days to make a late QSub election for a subsidiary the taxpayer forgot to elect

An S corporation (X) acquired a chain of companies. One of them (Sub 1) was itself an S corporation that owned a lower-tier company (Sub 2) treated as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, or QSub. Whe…

202325006·June 23, 2023
Approved
PLR

S-corporation status restored after two trusts missed their ESBT elections

A company (X) had elected to be taxed as an S corporation, which limits who can own its stock. Over time, two trusts came to hold X shares. Each trust qualified as an eligible S-corporation shareholde…

202325004·June 23, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants 120 extra days to make a late QSub election for a wholly-owned subsidiary

An S corporation (X) owned all of the stock of a subsidiary (Sub) and meant to elect to treat Sub as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, or QSub, as soon as X became an S corporation. A QSub is not t…

202325001·June 23, 2023
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for late ESBT elections

Two trusts acquired shares in an S corporation but their trustees did not timely elect electing small business trust status, causing the corporation's S election to terminate. The corporation represen…

202323008·June 9, 2023
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST election does not terminate S corporation status

A trust acquired shares of an S corporation and met the substantive requirements for a qualified subchapter S trust, but its beneficiary failed to make the QSST election on time. Without that election…

202322018·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS forgives a botched S corporation election where trusts consented wrong and missed an ESBT election

A company elected to be taxed as an S corporation, which requires that every shareholder be an eligible type of owner and that all shareholders properly consent. Two of its shareholders were grantor t…

202322011·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS forgives an inadvertent S corporation termination after a conversion put shares in an ineligible partnership

A company was formed as a corporation and elected S corporation status. Later it converted from a state corporation into a state limited partnership and elected (on Form 8832) to still be taxed as a c…

202322010·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS forgives an inadvertent S corporation termination after a conversion put shares in an ineligible partnership

A company was formed as a corporation and elected S corporation status. Later it converted from a state corporation into a state limited partnership and elected (on Form 8832) to still be taxed as a c…

202322009·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

S election with missing shareholder consents and a second class of stock gets inadvertent-termination relief

An LLC (called X) elected to be taxed as an S corporation, but its election was defective from the start because it never collected all the shareholder consents that Form 2553 requires. On top of that…

202322004·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS forgives an S corporation's accidental termination after shares went to an ineligible shareholder

An S corporation gets pass-through tax treatment only if it stays within strict eligibility limits, including a rule that every shareholder must be an eligible type (generally an individual, an estate…

202321002·May 26, 2023
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.