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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
171 decisions 29 C.F.R. § 1910.132(a)

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ALJ

Schindler Elevator Corporation

General-industry citations vacated for construction work

Schindler Elevator was replacing and upgrading 49 elevators at a Houston office tower under a project valued at more than $24 million. OSHA cited three serious violations under general-industry personal protective equipment and lockout-tagout standards, with $26,787 in proposed penalties. Schindler…

February 12, 2025 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations vacated
COMM

Schaad Detective Agency, Inc.

Bulletproof-vest citation vacated because the PPE standard did not apply

Schaad Detective Agency provided armed guards for Pennsylvania Turnpike employees who collected and transported toll revenue. After a guard who was not wearing a bulletproof vest was shot and killed during an attempted robbery, OSHA cited Schaad under the personal protective equipment standard and…

January 15, 2021
Citations vacated
ALJ

C & W Facility Services, Inc.

Personal flotation device citation affirmed

C & W Facility Services managed janitorial work at the Tampa Convention Center, including workers carried on subcontractor Awnclean's weekly payroll. A worker pressure washing an unguarded dock without a personal flotation device walked backward into Tampa Bay and drowned. The judge found that C &…

March 19, 2020 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Tony Watson, d/b/a Countryside Tree Service

Willful woodchipper and PPE violations affirmed

Countryside Tree Service used a five-person crew at three residential tree-removal sites. A 23-year-old employee with no tree-service experience was killed after becoming ensnared in a woodchipper on his first day of work. The judge found that the owner allowed two inexperienced employees to feed…

October 30, 2019 ·William S. Coleman
Modified
ALJ

Birdsboro Kosher Farms Corp.

Lockout, noise, exit, and PPE citations largely affirmed

Birdsboro Kosher Farms operated a large poultry-processing facility with a history of OSHA citations and settlements addressing lockout/tagout and occupational noise. The judge found that Birdsboro still lacked required machine-specific energy-control procedures, adequate authorized-employee…

October 24, 2019 ·Carol A. Baumerich
Mixed result
ALJ

Red Lake Nation Fisheries, Inc.

Tribal-enterprise citations dismissed

Red Lake Nation Fisheries was a commercial fishing and fish-processing enterprise owned and operated by the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians on its Minnesota reservation. After two employees drowned while harvesting fish, OSHA cited the enterprise for not requiring personal flotation devices and…

September 6, 2019 ·William S. Coleman
Citations vacated
ALJ

Henry Marine Service, Inc.

Attorney-fee application denied

Henry Marine previously won summary judgment vacating OSHA citations concerning safe access to a tugboat and personal flotation devices. The company then sought $92,402.64 in attorney fees, expert fees, and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act. The judge found Henry Marine eligible and a…

August 21, 2019 ·Heather A. Joys
Procedural
ALJ

Henry Marine Service, Inc.

Tugboat access and flotation citations vacated

Henry Marine operated a tugboat on the Mobile River, where an employee was found dead in the water near the vessel. OSHA cited the company for an unsafe means of boarding and leaving the vessel and for failing to provide a personal flotation device. The judge granted Henry Marine summary judgment…

April 12, 2019 ·Heather A. Joys
Citations vacated
ALJ

Wright Touch Landscaping & Heavy Equipment, Inc.

Fall-protection and reporting items affirmed

Wright Touch Landscaping performed tree-trimming work using an aerial lift and from the roof of a Miami residence. A worker was hospitalized after sustaining a head injury at the worksite and later died without leaving the hospital. The judge found that Wright Touch employed the worker because the…

March 5, 2018 ·Covette Rooney
Mixed result
COMM

Cranesville Block Co.

Review withdrawn and judge's ruling made final

The judge decided three consolidated dockets involving related Cranesville companies. The Secretary petitioned for Commission review only of issues in two companion dockets, not docket 10-0447. The Commission therefore severed 10-0447 and vacated its direction for review of that case. The judge's…

April 26, 2013
Procedural
ALJ

Loren Cook Company

Machine-guarding items vacated over standard applicability

Loren Cook manufactured fans and blowers using small manual spinning lathes. A 12-pound metal workpiece was ejected from a lathe and fatally struck an employee in the head. OSHA withdrew three personal-protective-equipment items during the hearing and pursued seven willful machine-guarding items…

December 13, 2012 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
ALJ

Petro Hunt, LLC

Flame-resistant-clothing citation vacated at oil production site

Petro Hunt operated an oil production facility in North Dakota where a treater shed caught fire shortly after two employees left the site. OSHA cited the company because it did not require employees who gauged tanks and worked around hydrocarbon pressure vessels to wear flame-resistant clothing…

July 30, 2012 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations vacated
ALJ

Big Sky Well Service

Grinder use near crude-oil vapors led to $10,150 in penalties

Big Sky Well Service sent two employees to remove and replace a leaking crude-oil storage tank at an Ohio well site. A supervisor used an electric grinder to cut a notch in the tank while another employee worked on top, and the tank exploded, throwing that employee into nearby woods and causing a…

March 26, 2009 ·Nancy J. Spies
Mixed result
ALJ

Kone, Inc.

Fall protection was required on stationary elevator car tops

A Kone apprentice technician was found dead at the bottom of an elevator shaft after being assigned to clean and paint the tops of two elevator cars. The judge found that working on a stationary car top exposed the technician to a 30-foot fall through openings at the back and side, and that a…

January 8, 2009 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

St. Lawrence Food Corp., dba Primo Foods

Most dairy-plant health and safety citations affirmed

OSHA conducted health and safety inspections at Primo Foods, a kosher dairy, and cited hazards involving ammonia refrigeration, respirators, confined spaces, chemical training, noise, machine guarding, electrical work, lockout/tagout, powered industrial trucks, and recordkeeping. The ALJ found that…

October 15, 2007 ·G. Marvin Bober
Mixed result
COMM

Greenleaf Motor Express

Confined-space items affirmed with willful classifications reduced

Greenleaf employees entered tanker trailers to pressure-wash them after transporting titanium dioxide slurry. An employee died inside a tanker whose oxygen level measured 11 percent after nitrogen had been used to pressurize it during unloading. The Commission held that Greenleaf should have asked…

January 29, 2007
Modified
COMM

United States Postal Service and National Association of Letter Carriers, Branch 51

Reflective-clothing citation vacated

OSHA cited the Postal Service after a vehicle struck a letter carrier's pushcart while she crossed a street near twilight. The Postal Service already offered reflective vests and issued uniforms with reflective strips, but OSHA argued that carriers needed garments meeting an ANSI high-visibility…

November 20, 2006
Citations vacated
ALJ

Buckeye Ready Mix, Inc.

Mixer lockout violations result in $8,000 penalty

A Buckeye Ready Mix crew entered a concrete mixer drum to remove hardened concrete. After the drum was repositioned, the circuit breakers were not locked out again, and the drum closed while an employee remained inside, fatally crushing him. The judge found Buckeye's written energy-control…

November 16, 2006 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Mixed result
ALJ

Lewis County Dairy Corp.

Widespread safety violations result in $72,750 penalty

OSHA found extensive safety deficiencies at Lewis County Dairy's kosher dairy plant, including missing safety programs, inadequate lockout practices, unguarded equipment, electrical hazards, deficient fall protection, and insufficient hazard communication. Of the 33 serious citation items, the…

September 20, 2006 ·G. Marvin Bober
Mixed result
ALJ

McWane, Inc., d/b/a Atlantic States Cast Iron Pipe Company

Repeat protective-clothing violation results in $10,000 penalty

An employee cleaned hot iron and calcium oxide from a foundry pit without heat- and chemical-resistant coveralls, exposing unprotected skin to thermal and chemical burns. McWane conceded the violation but disputed whether it was repeat. The judge found it substantially similar to a 2003 violation…

May 17, 2006 ·John H. Schumacher
Mixed result
ALJ

AAA Delivery Services, Inc.

Attorney-fee application denied

AAA distributed newspapers through street-corner vendors, one of whom died after an automobile struck him while he was selling papers. OSHA cited AAA for failing to provide reflective clothing, but the Commission later vacated the citation because the vendor was an independent contractor rather…

April 17, 2006 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Procedural
COMM

AAA Delivery Services, Inc.

Reflective-vest citation vacated because vendors were not employees

A newspaper vendor was struck and killed while selling papers near a Florida intersection before dawn. OSHA cited AAA Delivery Services for not providing reflective vests, but AAA argued that the vendors were independent contractors rather than its employees. Applying the common-law employment…

September 1, 2005
Citations vacated
COMM

Weirton Steel Corporation

Willful carbon-monoxide item affirmed and clothing item vacated

Weirton Steel employees climbed to a blast furnace's bleeder deck without respirators while carbon-monoxide monitors alarmed at 150 parts per million or more and, on one trip, exceeded the monitor's 1,999-parts-per-million capacity. The Commission held that the respiratory-protection standard was…

July 31, 2003
Mixed result
COMM

Luna Tech, Inc.

Settlement approved with $50,000 in combined penalties

The two cases arose from OSHA inspections of Luna Tech's fireworks-manufacturing plant, including an inspection after explosions and fires injured three employees and one later died. While the cases were under Commission review, the parties settled all remaining issues. The Secretary withdrew…

September 11, 2002
Settled
ALJ

BF Goodrich Hilton Davis, Inc.

One PPE citation affirmed after a boilout burn injury, remaining items vacated

BF Goodrich Hilton Davis makes color pigments and dyes at a Cincinnati plant, where large dryers are periodically cleaned with a hot, corrosive soap-and-water "boilout." A third-shift operator was burned over 47 percent of his body when boilout contents at about 116 degrees Celsius splashed on him…

December 26, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
COMM

Oxford Mining, Inc.

Commission vacates PPE and hazard-training citations, finding OSHA preempted by MSHA

Oxford Mining did reclamation work at an abandoned bauxite mine site in Arkansas, where employees handled Alroc, an alkaline treated pot-liner material used to surface haul roads and fill the pit. OSHA cited Oxford for two serious violations: not providing personal protective equipment and not…

December 14, 2001
Citations vacated
COMM

JTM Industries, Inc.

OSHA citations vacated because MSHA had authority

JTM performed reclamation work at a former open-pit bauxite mine and handled alkaline Alroc material on haul roads and in the excavated pit. OSHA cited the company for inadequate protective equipment and hazard-communication training. The Commission held that the reclamation site remained a mine…

December 14, 2001
Citations vacated
ALJ

North Atlantic Fish Company, Inc.

Broad fish-plant safety violations affirmed

OSHA's safety and health inspections of North Atlantic's Massachusetts fish-processing plant identified extensive fire, machine, electrical, chemical, respiratory, noise, storage, and powered-industrial-truck hazards. The judge affirmed most of the serious items, including general duty violations…

July 9, 2001 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Mixed result
ALJ

C-Post

Willful lockout and guarding citations cut to serious after a small fence-post maker's amputation injury

C-Post is a small Montana company that makes wooden fence posts and furniture legs from logs, employing about 10 people. After a worker's left hand was severed in a doweler machine, OSHA inspected and issued a long list of serious, willful, repeat, and other-than-serious citations covering…

May 7, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Modified
COMM

New York State Electric & Gas Corp.

PPE citations vacated because employer knowledge was not proved

New York State Electric & Gas Corporation sent a two-person crew to install residential gas service in Binghamton, New York. An OSHA compliance officer saw one crew member operating a jackhammer without eye protection and later determined that he also lacked protective footwear, although both forms…

October 17, 2000
Citations vacated
ALJ

Gulf Hauling & Construction, Inc.

PPE-training and eyewash items affirmed, most items vacated after a fatal chemical-burn accident

Gulf Hauling & Construction is a family-owned Mobile, Alabama company that hauls paper-processing waste for the International Paper plant. An employee was found on the concrete waste pad in black liquor solids, a caustic material, and died several weeks later from complications of chemical burns…

October 16, 2000 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Ben Shepherd dba Happy Candy Co.

Housekeeping and electrical violations affirmed against an absent cotton candy maker

Ben Shepherd ran Happy Candy Co., a small cotton candy production business in Secor, Illinois. After an OSHA complaint inspection, OSHA issued two citations covering a dirty production area and a series of electrical hazards, plus a lack of protective clothing. Shepherd contested the citations but…

April 3, 2000 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
COMM

MEI Holdings, Inc. d/b/a Martin Electronics, Inc.

DOD contract does not preempt OSHA safety rules

MEI manufactured explosives and pyrotechnic devices under a Defense Department contract at its Perry, Florida plant. After a fire in a small wooden production building killed two employees and severely burned another, OSHA cited fire, exit, personal-protective-equipment, training, and…

January 21, 2000
Citations affirmed
ALJ

CMH Material Handling, LLC

Elevated-platform fall violations affirmed

A CMH Material Handling employee died after falling from a 40-foot platform while replacing bolts on an overhead crane system at an aircraft manufacturing facility. The platform lacked standard guardrails in work areas, and employees did not consistently use the body harnesses CMH supplied. Judge…

August 10, 1998 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
COMM

Lukens Steel Company

Commission vacates PPE citation after withdrawal

The Secretary notified the Commission that he was withdrawing the only remaining item, a serious citation alleging a personal-protective-equipment violation. The notice stated that no other issues remained in the case. The Commission treated the notice as a motion and vacated the citation item and…

January 8, 1998
Citations vacated
COMM

Ormet Primary Aluminum Corporation

Commission vacates withdrawn PPE item

The Secretary notified the Commission that he was withdrawing the only remaining item, an other-than-serious citation alleging a personal-protective-equipment violation. The notice stated that no other issues remained. The Commission treated the notice as a motion and vacated the citation item and…

January 7, 1998
Citations vacated
COMM

Union Tank Car Company

Commission rejects unexplained PPE payment interpretation

Union Tank Car Company required employees at its railcar repair facility to buy their own safety shoes and welding gloves while subsidizing metatarsal guards. OSHA cited the company on the theory that the word “provide” in the general PPE standard required employers to pay for the equipment. The…

October 16, 1997
Citations vacated
COMM

Yellow Freight Systems, Inc.

DOT rules did not preempt OSHA spill protections

OSHA cited Yellow Freight after hazardous-material spills at its Colorado freight terminal. The Commission held that the governing transportation statute expressly prevented Department of Transportation actions from preempting OSHA enforcement for the cited working conditions. It remanded the…

July 31, 1996
Mixed result
COMM

Montana Sulphur and Chemical Co.

Commission vacates the two hydrogen-sulfide respirator items after the Secretary withdraws them

Montana Sulphur and Chemical Company makes chemicals, including liquefied hydrogen sulfide, at a plant in Billings, Montana. After a 1994 inspection, OSHA cited the company and the parties settled every item except two serious ones: that loading-crew employees did not wear supplied-air respirators…

April 25, 1996
Citations vacated
COMM

Montana Sulphur and Chemical Co.

March 26 dismissal order with the full ALJ decision vacating both hydrogen-sulfide items

Montana Sulphur and Chemical Company makes chemicals, including liquefied hydrogen sulfide, at a plant in Billings, Montana. After a 1994 inspection, OSHA and the company settled every citation item except two serious ones: that loading-crew employees did not wear supplied-air respirators when…

March 26, 1996
Citations vacated
COMM

Trico Technologies Corp.

Failure-to-abate notice restored and remanded, while recordkeeping violations stay other-than-serious rather than willful

Trico Technologies ran a manufacturing plant in Brownsville, Texas, with a press room where workers handled parts coming off power presses. In 1988 OSHA cited the company for a personal protective equipment violation (29 C.F.R. § 1910.132(a)) after press-room employees developed skin rashes from…

January 19, 1996
Mixed result
ALJ

Boston Towing and Transportation Co.

Marine-access citations vacated for lack of fair notice

Boston Towing operated a marine terminal in Quincy, Massachusetts, where employees sometimes used a ladder between a pier and a barge at extreme low tide. OSHA investigated after a weekend watchman was found in the water near a ladder, although no one witnessed how he fell. The Secretary withdrew…

May 15, 1995 ·Robert A. Yetman
Citations vacated
COMM

EBAA Iron, Inc.

Silica overexposure and control citations vacated

EBAA Iron operated a foundry in Cordele, Georgia, where OSHA sampled the breathing zone of an inner-diameter grinder operator and calculated exposure above the limit for respirable crystalline silica. EBAA showed that the grinding wheel contained 40 percent zirconium oxide and that OSHA's own…

February 7, 1995
Citations vacated
COMM

Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co.

Fall protection required during elevated training

Cleveland Electric Illuminating required experienced electrical installers in a training program to cross narrow steel bridge structures as high as 36 feet without fall protection. The utility argued that unprotected exposure to height was psychologically necessary to prepare employees for…

October 31, 1994
Citations affirmed
COMM

Peavey Company

Railcar fall protection affirmed, floor-hole item vacated

Peavey operated a North Dakota grain elevator where employees used a manlift and worked on top of railcars during grain loading. The Commission vacated a floor-hole item because the record did not show that employees would enter the hole's zone of danger during assigned work, normal access, or…

September 26, 1994
Mixed result
COMM

Hackney, Inc.

General PPE rule requires safety belts for crane fall hazards

Hackney manufactured carbon steel flanges at a Mississippi plant where maintenance employees regularly worked on an overhead crane and trolley about 33 feet above the ground. Some work areas lacked guardrails, and employees did not use safety belts even though the company had belts available and…

June 9, 1994
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Homestead Gourmet Food Co., Inc.

Settlement approved after hearing

OSHA inspected Homestead Gourmet Food Company's facility in Linden, New Jersey, and issued two citations. The citations alleged six serious violations and five other-than-serious violations under standards addressing exits, personal protective equipment, emergency washing, electrical training…

February 11, 1994 ·Irving Sommer
Settled
ALJ

Armco Steel Co., L.P.

Crane-runway and cylinder citations vacated

Armco Steel operated a steel-manufacturing facility in Middletown, Ohio. OSHA cited an unguarded crane runway 34 feet above the floor under the open-sided-platform standard, alternatively alleged that employees needed safety belts and lanyards, and cited an unsecured acetylene cylinder under the…

February 7, 1994 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations vacated
ALJ

Air Plastics, Inc.

Mixed ruling on pit hazards and chemical training

Air Plastics manufactured fiberglass tanks using molds mounted over production pits that employees entered during setup. The judge vacated a failure-to-abate general duty clause citation alleging hazardous confined-space atmospheres because OSHA did not prove that employees faced a significant risk…

October 12, 1993 ·John H. Frye, III
Mixed result
ALJ

Metal Recycling Company

Scrap-yard hazards yield mixed ruling and $400 penalty

OSHA inspected Metal Recycling Company's three-employee scrap-metal facility in El Paso, Texas, and issued a serious citation with multiple items. The judge affirmed serious violations involving unsecured access stairs, an exit leading into a blocked and fenced yard, obstructed aisles, hazardous…

June 14, 1993 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
COMM

Conagra Flour Milling Company

Commission splits flour-mill safety citations and assesses $500

Conagra operated a flour-milling facility in Martins Creek, Pennsylvania, where OSHA cited battery servicing, powered industrial trucks, machine guarding, compressed-air cleaning, and grain-handling practices. The Commission vacated the personal-protective-equipment and eyewash items because OSHA's…

April 22, 1993
Mixed result
COMM

Hamilton Fixture

Commission upholds expanded inspection and assesses $2,450

Hamilton Fixture manufactured wooden store-display fixtures at a plant in Hamilton, Ohio, with about 350 employees. OSHA began with a union complaint about safety practices and expanded the inspection plant-wide after the compliance officer calculated a lost-workday injury rate about three times…

April 20, 1993
Mixed result
COMM

Waldon Health Care Center & ARA Woodlake Nursing Home

Hepatitis B citations vacated

ARA Living Centers operated the Waldon Health Care Center in Louisiana and the Woodlake Nursing Home in Texas. OSHA alleged that nurses and nursing assistants faced hepatitis B transmission through contact with blood or other bodily fluids and proposed offering the vaccine to exposed employees…

April 2, 1993
Citations vacated
ALJ

Stone Container Corp.

Boiler-area protective equipment citation vacated

Stone Container operated a paper and linerboard mill with a black liquor recovery boiler in Montana. A boiler explosion burned three employees, and one employee later died from the injuries. OSHA cited the company for not requiring protective clothing and self-contained respirators during boiler…

March 22, 1993 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations vacated
COMM

United Technologies, Pratt & Whitney

Commission approves plating-shop settlement

Pratt & Whitney operated a plating shop at its West Palm Beach facility, where two maintenance employees were splashed with a cyanide solution during equipment-relocation work. OSHA cited alleged training, protective-equipment, warning-sign, labeling, and hazard-communication violations. The judge…

November 18, 1992
Settled
COMM

Farrens Tree Surgeons, Inc.

Roadside PPE citation vacated for insufficient proof

Farrens Tree Surgeons employees were placing cones and warning signs beside a two-lane highway before clearing brush under power lines. One employee was struck and killed by a driver who was blinded by the rising sun. OSHA cited Farrens because the crew was not wearing brightly colored vests or…

July 28, 1992
Citations vacated
COMM

AMR Services Company

Airport ground-services settlement approved

AMR Services provided aircraft ground support at Atlanta's airport, where a wingwalker wearing dark clothing was struck and killed by an AMR fuel truck during nighttime operations. OSHA cited AMR for not providing reflective clothing. The judge vacated the citation, finding that the FAA's exercise…

July 24, 1992
Settled
COMM

Well Solutions, Inc.

Open-fields evidence reinstates rig-safety violations

An OSHA inspector first visited Well Solutions' oil-well rig without a warrant and observed unguarded platforms and employees without hard hats from an accessible road and field. The judge suppressed those observations and vacated the citations. The Commission held that the open-fields doctrine…

June 18, 1992
Mixed result
COMM

Trinity Industries, Inc.

Electrical penalty cut but four serious violations upheld

Trinity Industries manufactured chemical-processing tanks at its Sharonville, Ohio plant. The Commission upheld serious violations for failing to protect an employee walking on top of a tank from a nine-foot fall, leaving a compressed-gas cylinder without a valve cap, and allowing welding arcs to…

January 23, 1992
Modified
COMM

Consolidated Freightways Corp.

Corrosive-dye PPE violation was serious

Consolidated Freightways employees handled and cleaned up a leaking drum of corrosive powdered dye without suitable personal protective equipment. Supervisors knew about the spill but left untrained workers to decide what protection to use, and the company's safety guides were not adequately…

October 17, 1991
Modified

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.