Michigan: Small Estate Affidavit Thresholds & Procedure

Requirements one by one

Governing law

MCL 700.3982 (part of the Estates and Protected Individuals Code, "EPIC")
governs the court-petition track; the probate court's standard form is PC
556, "Petition and Order for Assignment." MCL 700.3983 and 700.3984 govern
the separate no-court affidavit track; the state court administrative
office's standard form is PC 598, "Affidavit of Decedent's Successor for
Delivery of Certain Assets Owned by Decedent." A person is free to use
either procedure when the estate qualifies for both — MCL 700.3982(4) bars
anyone (other than a court) from forcing a person to use one over the other.

Dollar threshold

$53,000 or less for a decedent who died in 2026, under both tracks. That
number isn't fixed in the statute text itself — both §3982 and §3983 state
a bare "$50,000.00," which is the figure set by 2024 PA 1 and applies only
to deaths on or after February 21, 2024; MCL 700.1210 requires the
Department of Treasury to republish an inflation-adjusted figure every
January, rounded to the nearest $1,000. The Treasury's own signed notice for
2026 (dated January 30, 2026) certifies $53,000 for both sections. For the
court-petition track only, if the estate includes real property that's
mortgaged or otherwise encumbered, up to $264,000 (the 2026 figure) of that
indebtedness is subtracted from the real property's value before the
$53,000 test is applied — a real-property-specific deduction the affidavit
track doesn't need, since that track excludes real property altogether.

Court filing required?

Two different shapes. The §3982 petition is a genuine court proceeding — the
petitioner (spouse, heir, or the person who paid the funeral bill) files PC
556 with the probate court, and a judge must sign the order before any
property is assigned; there's no adversarial hearing in the ordinary case,
but a judge's signature is required. The §3983 affidavit involves no court
at all: the sworn statement is presented directly to whoever holds the
decedent's property (a bank, an employer, a stock transfer agent), and
nothing gets filed with a court.

Waiting period after death

The §3982 court petition has no waiting period stated in the statute. The
§3983 affidavit can't be used until 28 days have passed since the death, and
the sworn statement itself must affirmatively state that 28 days have
elapsed.

Works with a will, intestacy, or both?

Both tracks work whether or not the decedent left a will, but they route the
property differently. Under §3982, the court's order turns the property
over to "the surviving spouse or, if there is not a spouse, to the
decedent's heirs" — that's the intestate priority order, applied even when
there is a will, so a named devisee who isn't also a spouse or heir doesn't
receive anything through this procedure. Under §3983, by contrast, the
"successor" who can present the affidavit expressly includes a devisee under
an unprobated will (the standard form PC 598 has a checkbox for exactly
that), so a will's beneficiary can collect personal property directly.

Does it cover real property?

Only the §3982 court petition reaches real property — form PC 556 has
dedicated lines for describing real property parcels, their gross value, and
any lien amount. The §3983 affidavit cannot be used at all if the estate
includes any real property, regardless of how small its value is; the sworn
statement must affirmatively state "the estate does not include real
property."

Signature formalities

The two tracks differ here too. The §3982 petition (PC 556) is signed by the
petitioner "under the penalties of perjury" — no notarization is required,
but a probate judge must also sign the order before it takes effect. The
§3983 affidavit (PC 598) is a sworn statement notarized before a notary
public (the current form also allows notarization through an approved
remote/electronic notarization platform); it needs no judge's signature at
all.

Protection for the bank/holder

Strong, but tied to the affidavit track: MCL 700.3984(1) discharges and
releases a person who pays, delivers, transfers, or issues property under a
valid §3983 affidavit "to the same extent as if the person dealt with the
decedent's personal representative," and that person isn't required to
verify the truth of anything in the statement. The flip side sits in MCL
700.3984(2): the person who actually collects the property "is answerable
and accountable for the property to a personal representative of the estate
or to another person having a superior right" if it turns out someone else
was entitled to it. Under the §3982 court-petition track, a similar but
narrower protection applies to the recipient's own exposure rather than a
holder's: MCL 700.3982(3) caps an heir's liability for the decedent's
unsatisfied debts at 63 days after the order, but only for an heir who isn't
a surviving spouse (qualifying for allowances) or a minor child.

What trips people up

The court-petition track assigns property to the surviving spouse or heirs
by statutory priority — it doesn't carry out a will's specific bequests,
even for an estate small enough to qualify, which surprises people who
assume "small estate" procedures just implement a will on a fast track. The
affidavit track flips that: it works for a devisee, but only if the estate
has zero real property, so an otherwise-qualifying small estate with even a
low-value parcel of land has to use the court petition (or full probate)
instead. The dollar threshold itself is a trap: the statute's printed
"$50,000.00" is not the current number — it was set once, by 2024 PA 1, and
has been adjusted upward every January since (to $53,000 for 2026); anyone
checking eligibility needs the Treasury Department's current-year notice,
not the bare figure printed in MCL 700.3982 or .3983. And the 63-day
creditor-liability cap in §3982(3) doesn't carry over to the affidavit
track — an heir (other than a surviving spouse or minor child) who collects
property under a §3983 affidavit has no equivalent 63-day cutoff in EPIC's
text.

Common questions

Do I have to wait a set time after the death? Only for the affidavit
track — 28 days. The court-petition track has no stated waiting period.

Can I use this if the decedent had a will? Yes for both, but
differently: the court petition assigns property to the spouse or heirs
regardless of the will's terms, while the affidavit lets an actual devisee
collect directly as the decedent's "successor."

Does either shortcut transfer the house? Only the court petition
(MCL 700.3982). The affidavit (MCL 700.3983) can't be used at all if the
estate includes any real property.

How do I know which year's dollar threshold applies? Use the threshold
in effect for the year the person died, not the year you're filing — the
Department of Treasury publishes an updated figure every January under MCL
700.1210.

Statutes and sources

• MCL 700.3982(1) — "On a showing of evidence, satisfactory to the court, of
  payment of the expenses for the decedent's funeral and burial and if the
  balance of a decedent's gross estate consists of property of the value of
  $50,000.00 or less, the court may order that the property be turned over
  to the surviving spouse or, if there is not a spouse, to the decedent's
  heirs." — https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3982
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3982(3) — "Other than a surviving spouse who qualifies for
  allowances under this act or the decedent's minor children, an heir who
  receives property through an order under this section is responsible, for
  63 days after the date of the order, for any unsatisfied debt of the
  decedent up to the value of the property received through the order." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3982
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3982(5) — "Beginning January 1, 2024, when calculating the value
  of the decedent's gross estate under subsection (1), if real property
  included in the estate is encumbered by or used as security for an
  indebtedness, the amount of the indebtedness, not to exceed $250,000.00,
  must be deducted from the value of the real property." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3982
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3982(6) — "A dollar amount prescribed by this section must be
  adjusted as provided in section 1210." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3982
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3983(1) — "After 28 days after a decedent's death, a person
  indebted to the decedent or having possession of tangible personal
  property or an instrument evidencing a debt, obligation, stock, or chose
  in action belonging to the decedent shall pay the indebtedness or deliver
  the tangible personal property or the instrument to a person claiming to
  be the decedent's successor on being presented with the decedent's death
  certificate and a sworn statement made by or on behalf of the successor
  stating all of the following: (a) The estate does not include real
  property and the value of the entire estate, wherever located, net of
  liens and encumbrances, does not exceed $50,000.00, adjusted as provided
  in section 1210." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3983
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3983(3) — "The state court administrative office shall develop
  and make available a standardized form for use as a sworn statement that
  can be used for the procedure authorized under subsection (1). The form
  must include a notice that a false statement may subject the person
  swearing to the statement to prosecution for perjury." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3983
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3984(1) — "A person paying, delivering, transferring, or issuing
  personal property or the evidence of personal property under a sworn
  statement as provided in section 3983 is discharged and released to the
  same extent as if the person dealt with the decedent's personal
  representative. The person is not required to see to the application of
  the personal property or evidence of the application, or to inquire into
  the truth of a statement in the sworn statement." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3984
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.3984(2) — "A person to whom payment, delivery, transfer, or
  issuance is made is answerable and accountable for the property to a
  personal representative of the estate or to another person having a
  superior right." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-3984
  (accessed 2026-07-06)
• MCL 700.1210(3) — "Before February 1, 2001, and annually after 2001, the
  department of treasury shall publish the cost-of-living adjustment factor
  to be applied to the specific dollar amounts referred to in subsections
  (1) and (2) for decedents who die during that calendar year ... A product
  resulting from application of the cost-of-living adjustment factor to a
  specific dollar amount must be rounded to the nearest $1,000.00 amount." —
  https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-1210
  (accessed 2026-07-06)