Ohio: Revocable Living Trust Creation Requirements

Requirements one by one

Governing law and scope

Section 5801.02 applies Ohio's Trust Code, Chapters 5801–5811, to noncharitable
inter vivos express trusts. This page addresses an ordinary private revocable living
trust, not a testamentary, charitable, land, business, tax, creditor-protection, or
other specialized trust.

Settlor capacity and intent

Section 5806.01 uses the capacity required to make a will for creating, amending,
revoking, funding, or directing a revocable trust. Under § 5804.02(A), Ohio separately requires
the settlor to indicate an intention to create the trust. Under § 5804.06, creation is
void to the extent induced by fraud, duress, or undue influence.

Creation method and effective time

Section 5804.01 permits a lifetime or death-effective transfer to another trustee, an
owner's declaration that identifiable property is held as trustee, an exercise of a
power of appointment for a trustee, or a court order. For an ordinary self-declared
living trust, the declaration route does not require a paper transfer to a different
trustee.

A separately named trustee accepts under § 5807.01(A) by following the trust's method or,
when that method is absent or nonexclusive, by accepting delivery, exercising powers,
performing duties, or otherwise indicating acceptance. A trustee who does not accept
within a reasonable time after learning of the designation is deemed to reject it.

Trust property and funding

Ohio states an unusual legal minimum in § 5804.02(D): “A trust is valid regardless of
the existence, size, or character of the corpus.” The owner-declaration route in
§ 5804.01(B) still speaks of identifiable property, but Ohio does not condition the
trust's validity on a nominal-dollar corpus.

Trust validity and asset transfer remain different questions. A deed, assignment,
beneficiary designation, account change, or delivery may still be needed before a
particular asset is controlled by the trustee.

Beneficiary and purpose

For the ordinary private trust, § 5804.02 requires a definite beneficiary who can be
ascertained now or in the future. A trustee or other person may hold a valid power to
select from an indefinite class, subject to the statutory failure rule if the power is
not exercised within a reasonable time. Under § 5804.04, the purpose must be
lawful, not contrary to public policy, and possible to achieve.

Trustee eligibility and same-person roles

Section 5804.02 requires the trustee to have duties and generally bars one person from
being both sole trustee and sole beneficiary. Division (E) then supplies the practical
living-trust rule: the creator may be sole trustee and sole holder of present beneficial
enjoyment when at least one other person has a vested, contingent, or expectant future
interest after that present enjoyment ends.

Instrument, signature, witness, and notary

Under § 5804.07, an oral trust is permitted only when creation and terms are proved by clear
and convincing evidence, subject to other Revised Code form rules. A separate grant or
assignment of an interest in land must use the deed or signed writing described in
§ 1335.04. A recordable deed or memorandum follows the signature and acknowledgment
rules in § 5301.01(A).

The cited Trust Code creation provisions impose no universal witness or notary rule on
the trust instrument itself. A notary is instead required for the separate recordable
real-estate instruments identified above.

Revocability default and reserved power

For a trust instrument executed on or after January 1, 2007, § 5806.02 makes the trust
revocable unless its terms expressly say it is irrevocable. The statute expressly
excludes pre-2007 instruments from that default.

The settlor substantially complies with the method in the trust. If the terms state no
method, any method showing clear and convincing evidence of intent can work, but a will
or codicil cannot revoke or amend the trust unless the trust expressly permits that
route. Multiple settlors generally control the portions attributable to their own
contributions, subject to the community-property rule.

Registration, recording, and third-party effect

Sections 5804.01–5804.07 state the creation methods and requirements without making
court registration or filing a condition. Under § 5810.13(A), a trustee may instead give
a third person a signed or authenticated certification of existence, trustee identity,
powers, and revocability without disclosing dispositive terms.

Ohio has a separate real-estate memorandum rule. Under § 5301.255(A), an acknowledged
memorandum must be of record when the trustee of a disclosed trust conveys real
property; in other circumstances it may be recorded where trust realty is located. The
memorandum gives notice only of its contents. Under § 5301.25(A), recording is separately
material against a later bona fide purchaser without knowledge.

What trips people up

A valid empty trust is not a funded trust. Section 5804.02(D) prevents the trust
from failing merely because its corpus does not yet exist or has no particular size,
but it does not retitle a home, account, or other asset.

The revocable default has a date line. The post-2006 default in § 5806.02(A) does
not apply to an instrument executed before January 1, 2007. Read an older instrument
rather than importing today's default.

The memorandum is a real-estate transaction document. Its trustee signature and
acknowledgment do not create a universal notarization rule for the underlying trust
instrument.

Common questions

Can a will revoke or amend my Ohio living trust?

Not under the statutory fallback. Section 5806.02(C) bars revocation or amendment by a
will or codicil unless the trust terms expressly authorize that route.

Can my agent under a power of attorney change the trust?

Current § 5806.02(E) requires express authority in both the trust and the power of
attorney for revocation, amendment, or distribution of trust property. Pending HB 446
would add withdrawal and the ability to direct distributions expressly to that clause.

Must a certification disclose who ultimately receives property?

No. Section 5810.13(D) says the certification need not contain dispositive terms. It
can establish the trust, trustee, powers, and revocability without publishing the full
distribution plan.

Statutes and sources

• Ohio Rev. Code §§ 5801.02 and 5804.01–5804.07. Inter vivos express-trust
  scope, creation routes, required elements, corpus rule, same-person roles, purpose,
  invalidating conduct, and oral-trust proof. Official § 5804.02
  (accessed July 30, 2026).
• Ohio Rev. Code §§ 5806.01–5806.02 and 5807.01. Revocable-trust capacity,
  default, revocation and amendment methods, joint settlors, agent authority, and
  trustee acceptance. Official § 5806.02
  (accessed July 30, 2026).
• Ohio Rev. Code § 5810.13. Optional certification of trust and third-party
  reliance. Official text
  (accessed July 30, 2026).
• Ohio Rev. Code § 1335.04. Deed or signed-writing rule for granting or assigning
  an interest in land. Official text
  (accessed July 30, 2026).
• Ohio Rev. Code §§ 5301.01, 5301.25, and 5301.255. Execution and acknowledgment
  of a deed or memorandum, purchaser priority, and memorandum contents and recording.
  Official § 5301.255
  (accessed July 30, 2026).