Hawaii: Private-Party Vehicle Title Transfer Requirements

Requirements one by one

The certificate of ownership and the county filing work together

Hawaii moves ownership through the certificate of ownership — the title — not
the keys or a receipt. Under § 286-52(a) the seller and buyer both "write their
signatures with pen and ink upon the certificate of ownership," add their
addresses, and each signature attests that the information is correct. The
seller completes the assignment on the front of the title; the buyer completes
the transferee's application on the reverse, which § 286-47 says the certificate
must contain.

The filing is what makes it real. Section 286-52(e) is blunt: until the county
director of finance issues the new certificates of registration and ownership,
"delivery of the vehicle shall be deemed not to have been made and title thereto
shall be deemed not to have passed." A recorded lienholder must first release
its interest (Section B of the title) before the seller can assign it; Honolulu
accepts a notarized bill of sale only to bridge a missing lienholder release.

Hawaii is unusual in having no statewide DMV. Each of the four counties titles
and registers vehicles through its director of finance, and the buyer files with
the county where the vehicle was last registered.

No notarization is required

Nothing in the ordinary transfer must be notarized. Section 286-52(a) asks only
for pen-and-ink signatures, and the City and County of Honolulu states that
"Notarization of seller's signature(s) is optional." It is worth doing only to
avoid a rejection when the county compares the seller's signature to the one on
file — not because the law requires it.

Odometer disclosure

The odometer reading is recorded on the certificate of ownership "on the date of
transfer" (§ 286-47(a)(2)). Counties apply this to vehicles 20 model years old
or newer — 2011 model year and later — and exempt 2010-and-earlier vehicles. The
reading goes in the space provided on the title; there is no separate
ordinary-transfer damage or brand form.

The seller's 10-day notice and liability release

A private (non-dealer) seller has a separate, earlier duty: under § 286-52(j),
"within ten days give notice of the transfer to the director of finance upon the
official form," or be "fined no more than $100." That notice matters beyond the
paperwork. Once the seller has both filed it and delivered the signed
certificate, § 286-52(k) relieves the seller "from any liability, civil or
criminal, from the date the transferor delivers the motor vehicle into the
transferee's possession," and § 286-52(o) makes proof of filing "a complete
defense" to claims arising from the buyer's later use of the car. Plates and the
registration stay with the vehicle; the county prints a new registration for the
buyer.

The buyer's 30-day filing, fees, and tax

The buyer's clock is 30 calendar days. Section 286-52(b) requires the transferee
to "forward the certificate of ownership so endorsed to the director of finance"
within 30 days (60 days if the lienholder has no in-state office), and a late
filing means "the director of finance shall charge a fee of $50, in addition to
the fee provided in section 286-51." Bring the endorsed title, the last
certificate of registration, and a current safety inspection certificate. The
transfer fee is county-set (§ 286-51) — $10 in Honolulu, $5 in Hawai'i County —
plus bringing the registration and annual weight tax current. Hawaii has no
general sales tax, so an ordinary in-state private sale carries only that county
transfer fee and the registration charges, not a sales or transfer tax.

Inspection and insurance are operating rules

Two requirements govern driving rather than titling. A current Hawaii safety
inspection certificate is required to operate — § 286-25 fines driving without
one up to $100 — and the counties also require it to complete the transfer.
Separately, § 431:10C-104(a) says "no person shall operate or use a motor
vehicle upon any public street, road, or highway of this State at any time
unless such motor vehicle is insured." Hawaii runs no emissions program. None of
these lets the buyer treat the car as titled: under § 286-52(e) the buyer is not
the lawful registered owner until the county issues the new certificates.

What trips people up

• Thinking the handshake is the transfer. Section 286-52(e) says title does
  not pass until the county issues the new certificates. A signed title in the
  glovebox is not a completed transfer.
• Skipping the seller's 10-day notice. It is the only way to earn the
  statutory liability release and "complete defense" (§ 286-52(j), (k), (o)). A
  seller who never files it can stay exposed to what the buyer does with the car.
• Assuming a notary is needed. It is optional. Counties recommend it only to
  smooth signature verification.
• Missing the buyer's 30-day window. After 30 days the county adds a $50 fee
  on top of the ordinary transfer fee (§ 286-52(b)).

Common questions

Does a Hawaii bill of sale transfer the car by itself?
No. The endorsed certificate of ownership is the operative document, and title
does not pass until the county issues the new certificates (§ 286-52(e)). A bill
of sale is optional evidence and, in Honolulu, is accepted only to bridge a
missing lienholder release.

Do the signatures on the title need to be notarized?
No. Section 286-52(a) requires only pen-and-ink signatures. Counties treat
notarizing the seller's signature as optional.

Is there sales tax on a private car sale in Hawaii?
No. Hawaii has no general sales tax, and the county instructions list only a
transfer fee and registration/weight tax for an ordinary in-state private sale.
A vehicle brought in from out of state can face Hawaii use tax, which is a
different situation.

What happens if I file late?
The county charges a $50 fee in addition to the ordinary transfer fee
(§ 286-52(b)), and you may owe delinquent registration for the period the car
was not properly registered.

Statutes and sources

• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 286-52 — signatures and attestation, the 30-day buyer
  filing and $50 late fee, the rule that title does not pass until the county
  issues the new certificates, and the seller's 10-day notice with its liability
  release and complete defense.
  https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0052.htm (accessed 2026-07-23)
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 286-47 — certificate of ownership endorsement lines,
  odometer reading on the date of transfer, and the transferee's application on
  the reverse.
  https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0047.htm (accessed 2026-07-23)
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 286-51 — county administration and the county-set new
  certificate-of-ownership fee.
  https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0051.htm (accessed 2026-07-23)
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 286-25 — fine for operating without a current safety
  inspection certificate.
  https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0025.htm (accessed 2026-07-23)
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10C-104 — motor-vehicle insurance required to
  operate.
  https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol09_Ch0431-0435H/HRS0431/HRS_0431-0010C-0104.htm (accessed 2026-07-23)
• City and County of Honolulu — Vehicle Ownership Transfer — required
  documents, 30-day/$50 rule, $10 transfer fee, optional notarization, odometer
  20-year trigger, and plates staying with the vehicle.
  https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/vehicle-ownership-transfer/ (accessed 2026-07-23)
• County of Hawai'i — Ownership Transfer — buyer's 30-day submission with the
  safety inspection certificate, $5 transfer fee and $50 late fee, and the
  seller's 10-day mailed notice of transfer.
  https://www.vrl.hawaiicounty.gov/motor-vehicle-registration/ownership-transfer-registered-in-hawai-i-county (accessed 2026-07-23)