Hawaii: Adult Guardianship and Conservatorship Petition Requirements

Requirements one by one

Proceeding and state terminology

Hawaii separates personal and property authority. A guardian handles
personal affairs; a conservator manages the estate. Adult guardianship may
proceed in circuit or family court, while conservatorship belongs exclusively
in circuit court under § 560:5-106. Related proceedings may be consolidated,
but their petitions and proof standards remain distinct.

Who may file and where

Under § 560:5-304(a), the adult or anyone interested in the adult's welfare may
seek limited or unlimited guardianship. Section 560:5-403(a) permits the adult,
someone interested in the adult's estate, affairs, or welfare, or someone
adversely affected by ineffective management to seek conservatorship or another
protective order.

Section 560:5-108 places guardianship in the circuit where the adult resides,
or the circuit of a court that ordered institutional admission. A protective
proceeding is filed where the adult resides or, for a nonresident, in a circuit
where the adult has property.

What the petition must contain

Section 560:5-304 requires the guardianship petition to identify the adult,
current and proposed residence, spouse or reciprocal beneficiary or qualifying
housemate, relatives, caregiver, legal representatives, health agents or
surrogate, nominees, and proposed guardian. It states the functional need,
explains why unlimited rather than limited authority is requested or lists the
limited powers, and summarizes property, insurance, pension, income, and
receipts.

Section 560:5-403 uses a parallel financial checklist. It adds impairment or
missing-person facts, explains why conservatorship or another protective order
serves the adult's best interest, provides an itemized income-and-expenditure
budget, and identifies property and powers for a limited conservator.

Proof required for appointment

Guardianship has a single clear-and-convincing framework. Sections 560:5-102
and 560:5-311 ask whether the adult cannot receive and evaluate information or
make or communicate decisions enough to meet essential physical health,
safety, or self-care needs, even with appropriate and reasonably available
technology, and whether less restrictive means can meet the identified needs.

Conservatorship uses two burdens under § 560:5-401(2). Clear and convincing
evidence must establish inability to manage property and business affairs due
to the listed impairment or circumstances. A preponderance must establish
likely waste or dissipation without management or the need for protected funds
for support, care, education, health, or welfare.

Alternatives the court must address

The guardianship petition is investigated through a support-sensitive lens.
Section 560:5-305 requires an appointed kokua kanawai to separate daily
functions the adult can manage alone, can manage with supportive services or
technology, and cannot manage, and to recommend whether less restrictive means
are available. Section 560:5-311 then bars appointment if those means can meet
the need.

For financial matters, § 560:5-409 requires the least restrictive order
consistent with the findings. Section 560:5-412 allows a payment, transaction,
contract, trust, sale, or other protective arrangement without appointing a
conservator.

Notice, service, and hearing timing

Sections 560:5-309 and 560:5-404 require personal service of the petition and a
notice explaining required presence, hearing rights, and the nature, purpose,
and consequences of appointment. Substantial noncompliance prevents the court
from granting the petition. These adult-personal-service sections do not state
a numeric lead time.

The people listed in the petition also receive hearing notice. The general rule
in § 560:1-401 ordinarily requires mail or personal delivery at least 14 days
before the hearing, with publication for an unknown person and good-cause power
to alter method or timing.

Counsel and hearing rights

Counsel is not automatic. Sections 560:5-305(b) and 560:5-406(b) require
appointment when the adult requests it, the kokua kanawai recommends it, or
the court finds representation is needed.

Under §§ 560:5-308 and 560:5-408, the adult ordinarily attends, may present
evidence, subpoena witnesses and documents, examine the court evaluator and
kokua kanawai, and otherwise participate. The hearing may be held at a
convenient location and closed for good cause. Section 560:1-306 supplies a
jury only when a constitutional jury right exists; otherwise a jury called by
the court is advisory.

Medical evidence or court evaluator

The court may appoint a kokua kanawai in either track. Sections 560:5-305
and 560:5-406 direct that investigator to interview the adult, petitioner, and
proposed appointee; inspect or investigate relevant circumstances; explain the
proceeding and rights; and report on counsel, functioning, alternatives,
appointment type and scope, appointee qualifications, and whether professional
evaluation is needed.

Hawaii does not require a physician certificate with every petition. Section
560:5-306 makes a guardianship professional evaluation discretionary unless
the adult demands it, in which case the court must order it. Section
560:5-406(f) makes a conservatorship physician, psychologist, or other qualified
examiner discretionary.

Limits on the order

Section 560:5-311 directs the court, whenever feasible, to give a guardian only
powers necessitated by the adult's demonstrated needs and to encourage maximum
self-reliance and independence. Section 560:5-409 imposes the same least-
restrictive structure on conservatorship, while § 560:5-410 permits express
limits on conservator powers.

Emergency guardianship is separate under § 560:5-312. It requires likely
substantial harm from following the ordinary process and no other authorized,
willing person. Authority lasts no more than 90 days and is limited to stated
powers. A no-notice appointment triggers notice within 48 hours and a hearing
within 10 days, and it is not an incapacity determination.

What trips people up

The proof burden is not identical in the two tracks. Guardianship requires
clear and convincing proof of both incapacity and failure of less restrictive
means. Conservatorship requires clear and convincing proof of impaired
financial management, but uses a preponderance for waste, dissipation, or
support-funding need.

Kokua kanawai and counsel are conditional appointments. The court may
appoint the investigator, and counsel is mandatory only on request,
investigator recommendation, or a court finding of need.

Current privacy law changed in 2026. Act 47 now temporarily seals the kokua
kanawai report, court-ordered professional evaluation, responses or objections,
and specified medical records pending a hearing on whether they should remain
sealed or be opened.

Common questions

Must the adult attend?

Ordinarily yes. Sections 560:5-308 and 560:5-408 say the adult shall attend
unless the court excuses attendance for good cause.

Can the adult demand an evaluation?

In a guardianship case, yes. Section 560:5-306 says the court shall order a
professional evaluation if the adult demands one. The conservatorship statute
does not use the same demand language.

Can the court address one financial transaction without a conservator?

Yes. Section 560:5-412 permits a protective arrangement or single transaction,
including payments, sales, contracts, annuities, and trusts, without appointing
a conservator.

Does a conservatorship automatically establish personal incapacity?

No. Section 560:5-409(d) says appointment of a conservator or entry of another
protective order is not a determination of incapacity under the guardianship
part.

Statutes and sources

• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:1-306(a): constitutional jury rights and advisory jury.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:1-401(a): general 14-day notice methods and good-cause
  variation.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-102: guardian, conservator, incapacity, respondent,
  legal representative, and kokua-kanawai definitions.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-106(1): circuit/family jurisdiction and consolidation.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-108(b): adult guardianship and protective-proceeding
  venue.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-304(a): guardianship standing and petition contents.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-305(a): guardianship preliminaries, conditional
  counsel, kokua-kanawai investigation, supports, and alternatives report.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-306: professional evaluation and adult demand.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-308(a): guardianship attendance and contest rights.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-309(a): guardianship personal service and rights notice.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-311(a): clear-and-convincing guardianship standard,
  less-restrictive bar, and tailored powers.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-312(a): emergency guardian threshold, scope, notice,
  hearing, and duration.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-401(2): mixed conservatorship burdens and findings.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-403(a): conservatorship standing and petition.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-404(a): conservatorship personal service and notice.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-406(a): conservatorship preliminaries, conditional
  counsel, kokua kanawai, alternatives, and discretionary examiner.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-408(a): conservatorship attendance and contest rights.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-409(b): least-restrictive financial order and no
  personal-incapacity determination.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-410(a): conservator powers and court limitations.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:5-412(a): protective arrangements without appointment.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).
• 2026 Haw. Sess. Laws Act 47, § 2: current temporary-sealing rule for reports,
  evaluations, responses, and specified medical records.
  Official enacted text
  (accessed 2026-07-19).