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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
882 determinations Estate-Tax

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PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate requested relief so the surviving spous…

202521020·May 23, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate requested regulatory relief so the surv…

202521018·May 23, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received extra time to elect portability

A decedent's estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 but needed a timely estate tax return to transfer the deceased spousal unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate did n…

202518016·May 2, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received extra time to elect portability

A decedent's estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 but needed a timely estate tax return to transfer the deceased spousal unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate did n…

202518012·May 2, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to correct a missed QTIP election

A decedent's revocable trust became irrevocable at death and directed part of the remaining assets to a marital trust for the surviving spouse. The spouse was entitled to all trust income at least qua…

202517010·April 25, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to give notice of a partial QTIP trust division

A revocable trust divided at the first spouse's death into a survivor's trust and a marital trust for the surviving spouse. The estate timely elected QTIP treatment for part of the marital trust but l…

202517008·April 25, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received relief for a late alternate-valuation election after appraisals arrived

An estate timely filed Form 706 before third-party appraisers had completed valuations for estate assets. The personal representatives did not know about the IRC § 2032 alternate-valuation election, a…

202513003·March 28, 2025
Approved
PLR

QDOT trustee received 120 more days to report the surviving spouse’s U.S. citizenship

A noncitizen surviving spouse received estate assets through a qualified domestic trust and later became a U.S. citizen after continuously residing in the United States since the decedent’s death. IRC…

202513002·March 28, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 more days to elect portability of unused exclusion to the surviving spouse

A decedent’s estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because of the represented value of the gross estate and taxable gifts. The decedent left a surviving spouse, who had since died, and an…

202513001·March 28, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that represented it was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent’s unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. Base…

202511014·March 14, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that represented it was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent’s unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. Base…

202511007·March 14, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that represented it was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent’s unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. Base…

202509014·February 28, 2025
Approved
PLR

Bank trustee gets more time to certify that a QDOT beneficiary became a U.S. citizen

When someone dies leaving property to a surviving spouse who is not a U.S. citizen, the usual estate-tax marital deduction is not allowed unless the property goes into a qualified domestic trust (QDOT…

202507010·February 14, 2025
Approved
PLR

IRS denies a late portability election because the estate used hindsight

"Portability" lets a surviving spouse use the unused portion of a deceased spouse's federal estate-tax exclusion (the deceased spousal unused exclusion, or DSUE), but only if the first spouse's estate…

202507004·February 14, 2025
Denied
PLR

9100 relief to make a late estate-tax portability election for a surviving spouse

When someone dies without using up their full estate-tax exclusion, the leftover amount (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) can be passed to the surviving spouse, but only if the estate…

202504011·January 24, 2025
Approved
PLR

Dividing a marital QTIP trust and disclaiming half is tax-free income-wise and produces a controlled gift, with no surprise estate inclusion

A surviving spouse was the lifetime income beneficiary of a "QTIP" marital trust (property that qualified for the estate tax marital deduction when the first spouse died and that will normally be taxe…

202504007·January 24, 2025
Approved
PLR

Dividing a marital QTIP trust and disclaiming half is tax-free income-wise and produces a controlled gift, with no surprise estate inclusion

A surviving spouse was the lifetime income beneficiary of a "QTIP" marital trust (property that qualified for the estate tax marital deduction when the first spouse died and that will normally be taxe…

202504006·January 24, 2025
Approved
PLR

9100 relief to make a QTIP election the estate's accountant never advised

Property left to a surviving spouse can qualify for the estate tax marital deduction, and a "QTIP" election under Section 2056(b)(7) lets an executor claim that deduction for a trust that pays the spo…

202504004·January 24, 2025
Approved
PLR

Request to enlarge an already-made QTIP election is denied because the election is irrevocable

When someone dies, property left to a surviving spouse can escape estate tax through the marital deduction, and a "QTIP" election under Section 2056(b)(7) lets an executor treat certain trust property…

202504002·January 24, 2025
Denied
PLR

9100 relief to make late QTIP and reverse-QTIP elections on an estate tax return after the preparer omitted them

This letter gives an estate more time to make two estate-tax elections that its accountant left off the return. A QTIP election (Section 2056(b)(7)) lets property passing into a marital trust for a su…

202503007·January 17, 2025
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to make an estate-tax portability election

When someone dies without using up their full estate-tax exemption, a "portability" election lets the surviving spouse claim the leftover amount (the deceased spousal unused exclusion, or DSUE). The c…

202452011·December 27, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to make a missed QTIP marital-deduction election

When someone dies leaving property to a surviving spouse in a certain kind of trust, the estate can elect "QTIP" treatment under section 2056(b)(7) so that property qualifies for the unlimited estate-…

202451016·December 20, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return but needed Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate did not …

202449009·December 6, 2024
Approved
PLR

IRS gives an estate 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion, known as the DSUE amount, for the surviving spouse. Based on the estate's representati…

202448008·November 29, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that its value and adjusted ta…

202443011·October 25, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate failed to timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. It represented that its value and adjusted taxable …

202443009·October 25, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate did not timely make a portability election that would allow the surviving spouse to use the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented that its value and …

202443002·October 25, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate did not timely make a portability election that would allow the surviving spouse to use the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented that its value and …

202442005·October 18, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate did not timely make a portability election that would allow the surviving spouse to use the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented that its value and …

202442004·October 18, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to make a QTIP election

A decedent's trust directed property subject to a qualified terminable interest property election into a marital trust that paid all net income to the surviving spouse at least quarterly. The estate t…

202441005·October 11, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A decedent left a surviving spouse and an unused estate and gift tax exclusion amount, but the estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability. Based on the represented estate value and adjus…

202440006·October 4, 2024
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a 120-day extension to make a late estate-tax portability election

When someone dies, their estate can elect "portability" to pass the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion (called the DSUE amount) to the surviving spouse, so the survivor can shelter…

202439012·September 27, 2024
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a 120-day extension to make a late estate-tax portability election

When someone dies, their estate can elect "portability" to pass the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion (called the DSUE amount) to the surviving spouse, so the survivor can shelter…

202439006·September 27, 2024
Approved
PLR

Late estate tax portability election allowed

A decedent left a surviving spouse and an unused exclusion amount, but the estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability. Based on the represented estate value and taxable gifts, the estate…

202435013·August 30, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

A decedent's estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 based on the represented gross estate, adjusted taxable gifts, and filing threshold. The estate had not timely filed the return needed t…

202435009·August 30, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to make a portability election so the surviving spouse can use the unused exclusion

When someone dies, their estate can make a "portability" election so the surviving spouse can use the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion (the DSUE amount). That election is made by filing a…

202429009·July 19, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to make a portability election so the surviving spouse can use the unused exclusion

When someone dies, their estate can make a "portability" election so the surviving spouse can use the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion (the DSUE amount). That election is made by filing a…

202429004·July 19, 2024
Approved
PLR

Extra time granted to make an alternate valuation election after a CEO supplied false values

An estate normally values a deceased person's property as of the date of death, but Section 2032 lets the executor instead elect "alternate valuation," using values six months after death, when that w…

202425012·June 21, 2024
Approved
PLR

Extra time granted for an estate to make the portability election

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exemption, their surviving spouse can inherit the unused amount (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "p…

202425011·June 21, 2024
Approved
PLR

Extra time granted for an estate to make the portability election

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exemption, their surviving spouse can inherit the unused amount (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "p…

202425010·June 21, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The IRS…

202424018·June 14, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time for QTIP and reverse QTIP elections

An estate timely filed Form 706, but its accountant did not advise the executor to make QTIP and reverse QTIP elections for a marital trust or include Schedule R. The trust required income distributio…

202424016·June 14, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return did not timely make a portability election for the decedent's unused exclusion amount. The IRS concluded that the estate met the …

202424015·June 14, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount. The IRS concluded that the estate satisfied t…

202424014·June 14, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return did not timely elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount. The IRS concluded that the estate met the regulatory …

202423006·June 7, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

An estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return but failed to file Form 706 on time to transfer the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The IRS concluded that…

202421006·May 24, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because the decedent's gross estate and adjusted taxable gifts were represented to be below the filing threshold. The estate nevertheless needed t…

202420009·May 17, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because the decedent's gross estate and adjusted taxable gifts were represented to be below the filing threshold. The estate nevertheless needed t…

202420001·May 17, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate failed to timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. It represented that the estate was not otherwise required to file an es…

202419003·May 10, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 60 more days to make a QTIP election

A decedent's estate intended to claim the estate tax marital deduction for all property placed in a marital trust for the surviving spouse. The estate's lawyer claimed the deduction on a timely Form 7…

202418012·May 3, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate asked for an extension …

202417012·April 26, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate that was not otherwise required to file Form 706 failed to make a timely portability election for the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate requested discretionary relief und…

202417007·April 26, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 but needed an estate tax return to transfer the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate did not timely file the ret…

202414003·April 5, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The election was needed s…

202413011·March 29, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The election was needed s…

202413010·March 29, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The election was needed s…

202413005·March 29, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received relief for a late alternate-valuation election

An executor hired an attorney to administer an estate and an accountant to prepare Form 706. Neither adviser told the executor to make the Section 2032 alternate-valuation election, so the timely orig…

202410006·March 8, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return did not timely elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount for the surviving spouse. Based on the submitted infor…

202409015·March 1, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to divide a reverse-QTIP trust for GST purposes

A decedent's estate made both a QTIP election and a reverse-QTIP election for an entire marital trust. A later transitional regulation allowed certain pre-1995 reverse-QTIP trusts with allocated GST e…

202407004·February 16, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file Form 706 missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate requested discretionary re…

202405004·February 2, 2024
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.