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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
10,109 determinations

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PLR

Partnership asset transfers to a REIT were not transfers to an investment company

Several partnerships planned a coordinated restructuring that included entity conversions, two intended tax-free reorganizations, transfers of disregarded entities to a REIT for REIT stock, and an ini…

201716016·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate received extra time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 on time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The failure followed reasonable reliance …

201716015·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Small insurance company received extra time to make a section 831(b) election

A member of a series LLC failed to make the section 831(b) election with its first federal tax return for the year it said it qualified as an insurance company. It represented that its manager failed …

201716014·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate received extra time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 on time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The failure followed reasonable reliance …

201716013·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate received extra time to elect portability of unused exclusion

The surviving spouse, serving as executrix, failed to file Form 706 on time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. She represented that the estate was below the federal…

201716012·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Eligible entity receives 120 days to file a late corporate classification election

A domestic eligible entity intended to be taxed as a corporation from the date it was formed. It failed to file Form 8832 on time because of inadvertence. The IRS concluded that the entity met the req…

201716011·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

A decedent's estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return because the gross estate, including taxable gifts, was below the applicable filing threshold. The estate missed the deadline…

201716010·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation keeps S status after correcting a second class of stock

A corporation amended its articles to create voting common stock and nonvoting stock entitled to a preferred dividend. That preference created a prohibited second class of stock, so the corporation's …

201716009·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

A decedent's estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return because the gross estate, including taxable gifts, was below the applicable filing threshold. The estate missed the deadline…

201716008·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporate group receives 60 days to elect consolidated return filing

A holding company acquired a corporation that had headed its own consolidated group. After the acquisition, the former group continued filing under the acquired subsidiary, while the new parent filed …

201716007·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after trust misses ESBT election

An estate transferred shares of an S corporation to a trust that could hold the shares for two years without making a special election. The trust failed to elect electing small business trust status w…

201716006·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Taxpayer receives 60 days to elect safe harbor for success-based fees

A company paid a financial adviser a success-based fee in connection with its sale. Its return allocated 70 percent of the fee to deductible activities and capitalized 30 percent, matching the safe ha…

201716005·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after missing trust consents and distribution failures

An S corporation's election was invalid because the income beneficiaries of 21 qualified subchapter S trusts did not sign the shareholder consents. One of those trusts also failed in two years to dist…

201716004·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after beneficiary misses QSST election

Shares of an S corporation were held in a grantor trust owned by a married couple. When one spouse died, the trust divided and part of the stock passed to a new trust that qualified to elect as a qual…

201716003·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

IRS approves discrete tax issues in bankruptcy spinoff and planned REIT structure

A corporate subsidiary in Chapter 11 proposed transferring real estate and another operating business to a controlled corporation, distributing that corporation's stock and other consideration to cred…

201716002·April 21, 2017
Approved
PLR

Commodity-note ruling was revoked with prospective-only effect

A fund and one of its portfolios had received an earlier ruling that income and gain from certain commodity-linked notes counted as qualifying income under section 851(b)(2). The IRS later concluded t…

201716001·April 21, 2017
Mixed outcome
DET

Health-equity fellowship grant procedures receive advance approval

A private foundation proposed a one-year fellowship program to develop leaders who would advance health equity across a redacted geographical region. Applicants would be evaluated on leadership, profe…

201715005·April 14, 2017
Approved
DET

Community organization loses exemption for social and recreational activities

A community organization said its mission was to improve quality of life through economic development, community and cultural activities, and educational advancement. Its activities included a two-day…

201715004·April 14, 2017
Revocation
DET

Single-company insurance agents are denied business-league exemption

An association was formed for independent agents who sold insurance and financial products offered by one company. It planned education, training, networking events, and an annual awards banquet, all …

201715003·April 14, 2017
Denied
DET

Dissolved organization lost exemption after ignoring audit requests

The IRS revoked an organization's exemption under IRC § 501(c)(3). The organization filed short Form 990-N notices, but those filings did not establish that it was conducting exempt activities. It als…

201715002·April 14, 2017
Revocation
TAM

Controlled-group owner must combine additions to two retirement plans

A doctor was the sole owner and employee of two entities that formed a brother-sister controlled group. One entity maintained a retirement plan for the doctor, while the other participated in a second…

201715001·April 14, 2017
Advice
DET

Youth job-training grant procedures receive advance approval

A private foundation proposed a training and mentoring program for underserved young people who lacked basic job skills and work experience. Participants would receive classroom training, supervised p…

201714035·April 7, 2017
Approved
DET

University research and public-service grant procedures receive approval

A private foundation proposed grants for activities benefiting gay and lesbian students, faculty, staff, and alumni at a university. The grants would cover research and conference travel, classwork or…

201714034·April 7, 2017
Approved
DET

Regenerative-medicine research and surgical training grants receive approval

A private foundation developed grant programs supporting regenerative-medicine research and advanced training in oral, cranial, and maxillofacial surgery. Separate research tracks would fund residents…

201714033·April 7, 2017
Approved
DET

Regional health-care scholarship procedures receive approval

A private foundation operated an endowed scholarship program for students from ten counties pursuing accredited health-care studies. Applicants had to be at least in their second year, maintain a mini…

201714032·April 7, 2017
Approved
DET

Back-health nonprofit is denied exemption for benefiting related insiders

A nonprofit proposed teaching a proprietary muscle-management program intended to reduce back pain. A related for-profit company owned by the nonprofit's president held the program's intellectual prop…

201714031·April 7, 2017
Denied
DET

Record collectors' sales show does not qualify as a charity

A record collectors' club held monthly meetings and operated a large annual show where dealers rented tables and sold records, CDs, and memorabilia. Members received early access to the dealers, and t…

201714030·April 7, 2017
Denied
CCA

Legal fees tied to pre-section 199 sales do not reduce production income

A consolidated corporate group incurred legal fees defending product-harm lawsuits involving products manufactured and sold before section 199 took effect. The group claimed that the fees should not b…

201714029·April 7, 2017
Advice
PLR

Assumed business debts qualify in partnership asset transfer

A company planned to transfer substantially all of its operating assets, cash, and partnership interests to a partnership through a disregarded entity. The partnership would assume liabilities that ha…

201714028·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the gross estate and ad…

201714027·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Taxpayer receives 60 days to file omitted accounting-method form

A corporate group hired a return preparer to file several Forms 3115 for automatic accounting-method changes. Copies were timely submitted to the IRS and most originals were attached to the consolidat…

201714026·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make portability election

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The surviving spouse, acting as executor, represented that…

201714025·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives relief for late S election

A corporation's sole shareholder intended the company to be an S corporation from a specified effective date, but Form 2553 was not filed on time. The corporation requested late-election relief under …

201714024·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120-day portability extension

An estate missed the deadline to elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the gross estate was below the basic exclusion amount …

201714023·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Surviving spouse gets 120 days to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to transfer the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The surviving spouse, as executor, represented that the estate was below the…

201714022·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Small insurer receives 90 days to make section 831(b) election

A small insurance company failed to make a section 831(b) election with its first federal return. It represented that it relied on its manager to explain the timing requirements, but the manager did n…

201714021·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make QTIP election

A decedent's will created a marital trust that paid all net income to the surviving spouse at least quarterly and allowed principal distributions for the spouse's support. The estate's Form 706 listed…

201714020·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives more time for section 336(e) election statement

A purchaser acquired all stock of an S corporation for cash, and the target and shareholder had timely signed a binding agreement to make a section 336(e) election treating the stock sale as an asset …

201714019·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for missing trust election and consents

A corporation's S election was ineffective because a trust beneficiary did not make a qualified subchapter S trust election and two shareholders did not properly consent. The corporation and its share…

201714018·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Mortgage settlement payments preserve REMIC tax status

Two mortgage securitization trusts entered a court-approved settlement resolving claims that loans breached representations and warranties. The IRS ruled that executing the settlement, obtaining the r…

201714017·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The personal representative stated that the gross estate, after accounting for ta…

201714016·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation retains S status after stock sale to ineligible shareholder

An S corporation's election terminated when another S corporation, which was not an eligible shareholder, acquired some of its stock. After discovering the problem, the original shareholder trusts tra…

201714015·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives late S election and inadvertent termination relief

A corporation intended to elect S status but did not know whether the service center received its Form 2553. Later, an unrelated S corporation acquired some of its shares, which would have terminated …

201714014·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation receives more time to elect IC-DISC status

A corporation was formed to operate as an interest charge domestic international sales corporation and hired an accounting firm to prepare its election. The completed but unsigned Form 4876-A was plac…

201714013·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives relief for late portability election

An estate believed it had requested an extension and filed Form 706 three days before that supposed extension would have expired. The surviving spouse, who also served as executor, represented that th…

201714012·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missing trust elections do not end corporation's S status

Shares of an S corporation were transferred at different times to three trusts that were represented to qualify as qualified subchapter S trusts. The income beneficiaries did not timely file the requi…

201714011·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Foreign corporation receives more time to file branch profits tax waiver

A foreign corporation sold its only asset, a U.S. condominium used by its nonresident shareholders as a vacation home, and later dissolved. It believed withholding from the sale satisfied its U.S. tax…

201714010·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Surviving spouse receives more time to elect portability

All of a decedent's assets passed directly to the surviving spouse by designation, survivorship ownership, or state law. Because no executor was appointed, the spouse was treated as the executor for e…

201714009·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Gift to family trust receives automatic GST exemption allocation

A donor created a trust for a brother, the brother's spouse, and the brother's descendants, then made a cash contribution. The brother held limited appointment powers and a withdrawal right capped by …

201714008·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Corporation preserves S status after missed trust elections

Three trusts acquired S corporation shares but their beneficiaries did not file qualified subchapter S trust elections, and a fourth trust did not file its electing small business trust election. Some…

201714007·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC receives more time for entity classification and tax-exempt control elections

A tax-exempt organization wholly owned a limited liability company that served as general partner of a partnership operating residential rental property. The LLC intended to elect corporate tax treatm…

201714006·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC receives more time for corporate and depreciation elections

A tax-exempt organization wholly owned a limited liability company that was the general partner of a residential rental partnership. The LLC intended to elect treatment as a taxable corporation and to…

201714005·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

LLC gets late corporate and tax-exempt control elections

A tax-exempt organization owned an LLC that served as general partner of a partnership holding rehabilitated residential rental property. The LLC meant to elect corporate status and opt out of treatme…

201714004·April 7, 2017
Approved
PLR

Mismanaged charitable remainder trust faces income and excise taxes

A trust intended to qualify as a charitable remainder unitrust repeatedly included capital gains in trust income and paid more than its governing net-income limit permitted. The IRS concluded that the…

201714003·April 7, 2017
Mixed outcome
PLR

Failed charitable remainder trust owes tax before beneficiary payout

A trust intended as a charitable remainder unitrust paid beneficiaries more than its net-income limitation allowed by improperly treating capital gains as income. The IRS concluded that the trust fail…

201714002·April 7, 2017
Mixed outcome
PLR

County land-recovery entity receives governmental income exclusion

A county created an entity under state law to reclaim abandoned and foreclosed property, stabilize communities, and promote economic and housing development. County officials controlled its board, the…

201714001·April 7, 2017
Approved
DET

Captive insurer loses section 501(c)(15) exemption

A foreign captive insurance company claimed exemption as a small property and casualty insurer under section 501(c)(15). The IRS found that most direct-written contracts covered business or investment…

201713013·March 31, 2017
Revocation
DET

Captive insurer loses section 501(c)(15) exemption

A foreign captive insurance company claimed exemption as a small property and casualty insurer under section 501(c)(15). The IRS found that the company's direct-written contracts concentrated risk in …

201713012·March 31, 2017
Revocation
PLR

Educational grant procedures receive advance approval

A private foundation requested advance approval of procedures for a grant program supporting innovative solutions in fields such as the arts, education, human rights, science, and technology. Applican…

201713011·March 31, 2017
Approved
CCA

Merger approval conditions were not automatically facilitative costs

A regulated holding company incurred customer credits, community payments, charitable commitments, and other costs required as conditions for regulatory approval of a merger. The examining agent argue…

201713010·March 31, 2017
Advice

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.