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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
882 determinations Estate-Tax

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PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

The surviving spouse, acting as executor, missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate was below the filing threshold, and th…

201652007·December 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. After discovering the omission, the…

201651007·December 16, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The omission was discovered after the electi…

201651006·December 16, 2016
Approved
CCA

Late portability relief depends on estate size

Chief Counsel explained the available paths after an estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability. If the gross estate exceeded $5 million, the filing obligation was statutory and no l…

201650017·December 9, 2016
Advice
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The decedent had made no taxa…

201650009·December 9, 2016
Approved
PLR

Incomplete-gift trust receives requested tax treatment

A grantor created an irrevocable trust with distribution powers held by the grantor and a distribution committee. While the committee remained in existence, the IRS found no stated circumstances that …

201650005·December 9, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the federal estate tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The decedent had made no taxa…

201650004·December 9, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120 days to elect portability

A decedent's estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the gross esta…

201648011·November 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Late estate tax portability election receives relief

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline needed to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The surviving spouse represented that the decedent…

201648003·November 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120-day portability extension

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the gross estate, including tax…

201647004·November 18, 2016
Approved
PLR

Spouse gets 120 days to complete QDOT annuity transfers

A noncitizen surviving spouse received payments from a nonassignable pension annuity and later established a qualified domestic trust. She transferred the corpus portion of the payments to the QDOT, a…

201647002·November 18, 2016
Approved
PLR

Administrative trust changes avoid estate, gift, GST, and income tax consequences

Two grantors sought to modify an irrevocable grantor trust after paying its income taxes became unduly burdensome. A state court approved changes to trustee succession, administrative powers, a substi…

201647001·November 18, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 more days to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The personal representative represented that the gross es…

201645006·November 4, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201643007·October 21, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642031·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Court-approved trust division preserved tax treatment and beneficial interests

Beneficiaries and trustees settled litigation by dividing a pre-1985 irrevocable trust into a successor trust with a corporate trustee and a second trust holding concentrated business interests. The t…

201642030·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Court-approved trust division preserved tax treatment and beneficial interests

Beneficiaries and trustees settled litigation by dividing a pre-1985 irrevocable trust into a successor trust with a corporate trustee and a second trust holding concentrated business interests. The t…

201642029·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Court-approved trust division preserved tax treatment and beneficial interests

Beneficiaries and trustees settled litigation by dividing a pre-1985 irrevocable trust into a successor trust with a corporate trustee and a second trust holding concentrated business interests. The t…

201642028·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trustee replacement preserved GST status and avoided a general power

A beneficiary and individual trustees settled litigation over the administration of a pre-1985 irrevocable trust by appointing a bank as sole trustee and revising trustee succession procedures. Adult …

201642027·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642024·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642023·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642022·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642020·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse's representative asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that its …

201642018·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse's representative asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that its …

201642017·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse's representative asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that its …

201642016·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse's representative asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that its …

201642015·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse's representative asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that its …

201642014·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that …

201642008·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as personal representative, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but re…

201642007·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executrix, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but represented that…

201642006·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as personal representative, asked for more time to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate had missed the Form 706 deadline but re…

201642005·October 14, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trustee changes avoid powers of appointment and preserve GST status

Two sisters were current beneficiaries and co-trustees of a trust created before September 25, 1985. They proposed to resign, have a court appoint two independent successor trustees, and amend the rep…

201641020·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to make QTIP election after revaluation

An estate timely filed Form 706 to elect portability but did not make a qualified terminable interest property election because the surviving spouse believed the estate was too small to fund the marit…

201641018·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The surviving spouse represented that the gross estate was below the basic …

201641017·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The surviving spouse, acting as executor, represented that the gross…

201641013·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by its deadline and therefore missed the election that would let the surviving spouse use the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented th…

201641010·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Late portability election receives 120-day extension

An estate missed the deadline for filing Form 706 and electing portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. It represented that the gross estate, includi…

201641009·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives extension for portability election

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the decedent's gr…

201641008·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120-day portability extension

An estate did not timely file Form 706 to transfer the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse through portability. The estate represented that its gross value, includi…

201641005·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

Executor receives more time to elect portability

A surviving spouse, acting as executor, requested relief after the estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The executor rep…

201641003·October 7, 2016
Approved
PLR

QDOT trustees receive more time to report spouse's citizenship

A decedent's noncitizen surviving spouse received property through a qualified domestic trust and later became a U.S. citizen after continuously residing in the United States. The trustees' accountant…

201640006·September 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the decedent's gross esta…

201640004·September 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The executrix represented that the estate was below the filing threshold and ther…

201639008·September 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate represented that its value, including the decedent's taxable gifts, wa…

201638018·September 16, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The estate represented that its value, including the decedent's taxable gifts, wa…

201638013·September 16, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The executrix represented that the estate, including the decedent's taxable gifts…

201638005·September 16, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120 days to elect portability for surviving spouse

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-and-gift-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The surviving spouse, acting as personal represent…

201636040·September 2, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636032·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636031·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636030·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636029·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636028·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee remained …

201636027·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Estate receives more time to make a QTIP election

A decedent's trust created a marital trust that paid all net income to the surviving spouse and allowed certain principal distributions. The spouse, acting as executor, hired a law firm to prepare the…

201636026·September 2, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives late QTIP election relief

A decedent's revocable trust directed property to a QTIP trust for the surviving spouse, with all net income payable at least quarterly and principal available for specified needs. The spouse, acting …

201636019·September 2, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to make a qualified domestic trust election

An estate claimed a marital deduction for property passing to a surviving spouse who was not a U.S. citizen, but its accountant failed to make the qualified domestic trust election on Form 706. The sp…

201634018·August 19, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust modifications preserve GST exemption without creating a general power

A beneficiary and trustee obtained court approval to modify an irrevocable trust created before September 25, 1985. The changes expanded trustee succession and removal procedures and allowed a benefic…

201634017·August 19, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust modifications preserve GST exemption without creating a general power

A beneficiary serving as co-trustee obtained court approval to modify an irrevocable trust created before September 25, 1985. The changes expanded trustee succession and removal procedures and allowed…

201634016·August 19, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust reformation prevents a general power of appointment

A trust document mistakenly referred to a beneficiary's testamentary power as a general power of appointment and allowed broad distribution and termination powers. A state court reformed the trust to …

201634015·August 19, 2016
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.