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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
882 determinations Estate-Tax

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PLR

Divorce settlement trust avoids gain, gift, and most estate inclusion

A divorcing husband proposed transferring half of his company shares to an irrevocable trust for his wife in exchange for her marital rights and property claims. The wife would receive all trust incom…

201707008·February 17, 2017
Approved
PLR

Divorce settlement trust avoids gain and gift, but remains in husband's estate

A divorcing husband proposed transferring half of his company shares to an irrevocable trust for his wife in exchange for her marital rights and property claims. The wife would receive all trust incom…

201707007·February 17, 2017
Approved
PLR

Trust construction preserves grandfathering, but disclaimer creates a GST transfer

A pre-1942 irrevocable trust was divided under a court-approved family settlement, and a later declaratory judgment was proposed to resolve ambiguities about beneficiaries, income distributions, succe…

201707005·February 17, 2017
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust construction preserves grandfathering, but disclaimer creates a GST transfer

A pre-1942 irrevocable trust was divided under a court-approved family settlement, and a later declaratory judgment was proposed to resolve ambiguities about beneficiaries, income distributions, succe…

201707004·February 17, 2017
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust construction preserves grandfathering, but disclaimer creates a GST transfer

A pre-1942 irrevocable trust was divided under a court-approved family settlement, and a later declaratory judgment was proposed to resolve ambiguities about beneficiaries, income distributions, succe…

201707003·February 17, 2017
Mixed outcome
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate and taxab…

201706016·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate and taxab…

201706015·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

First estate receives 120 days to elect portability after both spouses died

One spouse died without a timely Form 706 portability election, and the surviving spouse later died as well. The personal representative of both estates sought extra time to elect portability of the f…

201706012·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate and taxab…

201706011·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate and taxab…

201706008·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate and taxab…

201706003·February 10, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The decedent's gross estate was represented to be be…

201704012·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120-day extension for portability election

An estate did not timely file Form 706 to transfer the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The decedent's estate was represented to be below the basic exclusion amount, and…

201704011·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Late estate tax filing may elect portability within 120 days

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the decedent's gross estate wa…

201704010·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives late portability relief despite missed Form 706

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline needed to pass the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. It represented that the gross estate, after accounting for lifetime t…

201704009·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate may file late return to preserve surviving spouse's exclusion

An estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. It represented that the decedent's gross estate, including taxable gifts, was below th…

201704008·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to transfer unused exclusion to spouse

An estate failed to file Form 706 on time to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion to the surviving spouse. The decedent's gross estate, including taxable gifts, was represen…

201704006·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days for missed portability filing

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the decedent's gross estate, after considering taxable gifts, was below the b…

201704004·January 27, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives extension to elect portability for surviving spouse

An estate failed to timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate tax exclusion. The decedent's gross estate was represented to be below the basic exclusion amount, and no …

201703011·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Surviving spouse receives time to file estate's portability election

A surviving spouse acting for an estate discovered that Form 706 had not been filed by the deadline for electing portability. The estate represented that the decedent's gross estate was below the basi…

201703009·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate may make late portability election within 120 days

An estate did not file the estate tax return required to elect portability for the surviving spouse by the original deadline. It represented that the decedent's gross estate, including taxable gifts, …

201703008·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Missed portability election receives 120-day filing extension

An estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused exclusion to the surviving spouse. It represented that the gross estate, including taxable gifts, was below the…

201703007·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Late portability filing approved for estate below filing threshold

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability for the surviving spouse. It represented that the decedent's gross estate, including taxable gifts, remained below the basic excl…

201703006·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120-day extension to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The spouse, acting as executrix, represented that the gross esta…

201703001·January 20, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that the gross estate, including tax…

201702033·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Tax-professional error supports late portability relief

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that it was below the filing thresho…

201702032·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Reliance on tax professional supports portability extension

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline needed to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that it was below the secti…

201702031·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate gets portability relief after professional oversight

An estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. It represented that the estate was below the section 6018(a) filing …

201702030·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Professional reliance permits late portability election

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. It represented that the estate was below the section 6018(a…

201702028·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120-day portability extension

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that it was below the section 6018(a) fi…

201702026·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Pre-discovery request supports portability relief

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. It represented that the estate was below the section …

201702025·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Surviving spouse receives portability election relief

A surviving spouse serving as executor missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion. The executor represented that the gross estate was belo…

201702023·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Professional error permits late portability filing

An estate failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The estate represented that it was below the section …

201702020·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Independent-trustee changes preserve transfer-tax treatment

A trust created and made irrevocable before September 25, 1985 needed new trustee provisions after the law firm designated to supply successor trustees dissolved. A proposed settlement would require a…

201702018·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Successor-trustee revisions preserve GST exemption

A separate trust created under a pre-1985 irrevocable trust instrument needed revised successor-trustee rules after the designated law firm dissolved. The settlement would require an independent trust…

201702017·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Administrative trustee revisions keep GST grandfathering

One of three separate trusts under a pre-1985 irrevocable instrument needed updated trustee provisions because the law firm named to provide successors had dissolved. The proposed settlement required …

201702016·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Pro rata trust divisions preserve existing tax treatment

Two irrevocable trusts created before September 25, 1985 proposed dividing into separate, pro rata subtrusts for each of three children and their descendants. The IRS ruled that the divisions would pr…

201702006·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Pro rata trust divisions preserve existing tax treatment

Two irrevocable trusts created before September 25, 1985 proposed dividing into separate, pro rata subtrusts for each of three children and their descendants. The IRS ruled that the divisions would pr…

201702005·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate may deduct a bequest to a foreign charity

A U.S. citizen's will conditionally left foreign-situs property to a foreign nonprofit serving handicapped and elderly people. The organization prohibited private inurement, lobbying, and political ac…

201702004·January 13, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate missed the deadline to file Form 706 and elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented that it was below the filing threshold and th…

201701014·January 6, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. It represented that the estate, including lifetime taxable gifts, wa…

201701008·January 6, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the first decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion for the surviving spouse. The executor represented that the estate, in…

201701007·January 6, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to complete a portability election

An estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion, then filed the return late. The executor represented that the estate and …

201701006·January 6, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to complete a portability election

An estate missed the Form 706 deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion, then filed the return late. The surviving spouse, acting as executor, rep…

201701001·January 6, 2017
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. It represented that the estate, including lifetime taxable gifts, wa…

201653015·December 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The executor represented that the estate, including lifetime taxable…

201653014·December 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. It represented that the estate, including lifetime taxable gifts, wa…

201653012·December 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. The personal representative represented that the estate was below th…

201653011·December 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability

An estate did not file Form 706 by the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate and gift tax exclusion. It represented that the estate, including lifetime taxable gifts, wa…

201653010·December 30, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653006·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653005·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653004·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653003·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653002·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either gran…

201653001·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Estate receives extension for farmland special-use valuation election

An estate intended to elect special-use valuation for farmland under section 2032A. Acting on counsel's advice, the executor requested automatic relief with the estate tax return but failed to meet th…

201652017·December 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate receives extension to elect portability

An estate below the estate-tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The surviving spouse, acting as execu…

201652016·December 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Late portability election receives 120-day extension

An estate below the estate-tax filing threshold did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. The failure was discovered after the election deadli…

201652010·December 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the filing threshold failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. After discovering the omission, it requested an …

201652009·December 23, 2016
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days for portability election

An estate below the filing threshold failed to file Form 706 by the deadline for electing portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount. After discovering the omission, it requested an …

201652008·December 23, 2016
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.