New York State Bar Association Ethics Opinions
Free plain-English summaries of legal ethics opinions issued by the New York State Bar Association, with full citations and source links on every page.
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Can a lawyer take property-tax cases referred by a non-attorney tax reduction company, and be paid a percentage of the company's contingent fee?
The opinion concluded a lawyer may accept such cases where the property owner authorized the company to engage counsel, but not where doing so aids the company's unauthorized practice of law; the lawy…
Can a lawyer pay a potential class member who investigates the case, and can that payment be a percentage of the court-awarded fee?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may pay a potential class member from the lawyer's own funds for investigation only if the client stays ultimately liable to repay it, and may pay a reasonable hour…
Can a lawyer join a barter exchange and accept 'trade dollars' for legal services?
The opinion concluded a lawyer may participate in a commercial barter exchange if the exchange does not control the lawyer's professional judgment or steer clients to particular lawyers, its advertisi…
Can a lawyer team up with a real estate broker to represent homeowners in tax-grievance proceedings if the lawyer just doesn't tell anyone he's a lawyer?
The opinion concluded no: representing homeowners in tax-review proceedings is the practice of law, so a lawyer may not affiliate with a nonlawyer to do it, and hiding the lawyer's status to evade tha…
Can a bar association referral service require lawyers to remit a percentage of the fees earned from referred clients, and can the lawyer pass that cost to the client?
The opinion concluded that a bar-operated lawyer referral service may require participating lawyers to pay a percentage of fees earned from referrals, and the lawyer may pass that cost along to client…
Can a lawyer co-own a corporation with nonlawyers that helps homeowners win real estate tax reductions and pays out profits by share?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may not form such a corporation: the lawyer conceded the work is the practice of law, so the corporation's furnishing it would violate Judiciary Law Section 495, an…
Can a law firm let a nonlawyer staff leasing company run debt-consolidation services for its clients under the firm's name?
The opinion concluded no: where the firm neither supervises the nonlawyers' work nor keeps a direct relationship with clients, the arrangement aids the unauthorized practice of law, and it also risks …
Can a lawyer record a 900-number message giving general legal information and advertising his services, charge the line's owner, and share the call profits?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may record a 900-number message of general legal information, may use it to advertise his services if it meets all advertising rules, may charge the nonlawyer owner…
Can a salaried lawyer who does outside legal work for a fee remit that fee to a non-lawyer employer, and how much may the employer keep?
The opinion concluded that a salaried lawyer may remit fees from outside legal work to a non-lawyer employer only up to the employer's actual cost (allocated salary and overhead); remitting any excess…
Can a New York lawyer accept a referral fee and pass half of it to a former associate who has since been disbarred?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may accept a referral fee that satisfies DR 2-107(A), and may pay a disbarred former associate a share of fees that accrued up to the date of disbarment, determined…
Can a New York lawyer in a malpractice case recommend a medicolegal consulting service paid on a contingent fee and guarantee that fee?
The opinion concluded that it is improper for a lawyer to shift work normally performed by lawyers to a medicolegal consulting service paid on an added contingent fee, but a lawyer may recommend and g…
Can a New York lawyer hire a marketing firm to solicit clients for a prepaid legal plan and pay it a share of the legal fees?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may not employ and compensate a public relations or marketing firm to solicit clients for the lawyer's prepaid legal services; paying a third party to recommend or …
Can a New York law partner sell part of his partnership interest, including a share of future fees, to an incoming partner?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may not sell an interest in an ongoing law practice itself; selling tangible assets is permissible, but transferring the right to represent the firm's clients for a…
Can a lawyer form a firm with an accountant to provide tax legal and accounting services, share legal fees, and use a joint letterhead?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may not form a firm with a nonlawyer accountant to provide legal services (it aids the unauthorized practice of law and is a barred partnership with a nonlawyer), m…
Can a lawyer who made a fee-sharing referral agreement that violates the Code keep the whole fee and refuse to pay the forwarding lawyer?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer may not keep the entire fee by reneging on a fee-sharing agreement in the name of the Code; the matter should go to a bar association panel to set what fee may be c…
Can a part-time district attorney pool his public salary with his law firm partners?
The opinion concluded that a part-time district attorney may share his official salary with his private law partners, because such sharing among partners is well understood by the public and creates n…
Can a bank's lawyer have the borrower pay his fee, and can he represent both the bank and the borrower at a mortgage closing?
The opinion concluded that a lender's lawyer may have the borrower pay his fee for work actually performed, so long as the fee is not divided with the lay lending institution and the borrower is told …
Can two lawyers who are not in the same firm agree up front on how to split the fee for a shared matter?
The opinion concluded that lawyers who share services and responsibility for a matter but are not partners or associates may agree in advance on a fee division, provided it is proportional to services…
Can a lawyer who is co-executor and estate counsel share trial counsel's fee in a wrongful-death case without doing the work?
The opinion concluded that a lawyer-co-executor may share trial counsel's fee only if the client consents, the division is proportional to the work performed and responsibility assumed, and the total …
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Legal ethics opinions from the New York State Bar Association interpret the rules of professional conduct for working lawyers, in response to inquiries from members and committees. They are not binding like court discipline decisions, but courts and discipline boards treat formal opinions as substantial guidance on how the rules apply. Every opinion above has a plain-English question and short answer, plus a link to the original source on the bar's site.