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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
5,577 decisions

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COMM

Wayne Taysom & Eli Taysom, d/b/a Taysom Construction Company

Crane power-line violation affirmed with a $300 penalty

Taysom Construction was building a concrete bank vault and used a crane to move cement from a delivery truck to the vault. The crane boom contacted an energized 12,000-volt power line, and the delivery-truck driver was killed when current traveled through the crane cable and bucket. The judge found…

February 12, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Davenport Brothers, Inc.

Trench and head-protection violations affirmed, penalty reduced to $200

Davenport Brothers sent two employees into a trench to repair a broken water line. The judge found that the trench was more than five feet deep and was not shored, braced, or sloped, and that neither employee wore protective headgear. The Commission affirmed the serious trenching violation and the…

February 10, 1975
Modified
COMM

Carolina Power and Light Company

Settlement approved with surplus order language stricken

OSHA cited Carolina Power and Light Company for allowing fly ash to accumulate on a floor in a load allegedly greater than the structure was designed or approved to support. The parties settled after the company moved to withdraw its notice of contest, represented that the condition had been…

February 7, 1975
Settled
COMM

Julius Nasso Concrete Corporation and Beach Concrete Company, Inc., a Joint Venture, d/b/a Nasso Beach Concrete

Citation vacated for lack of reasonable promptness

Nasso Beach Concrete was the concrete subcontractor on a high-rise apartment project. An employee installing perimeter guardrail protection on the sixteenth floor fell and died, and OSHA investigated the next day. The area director decided on December 26, 1972, to issue a citation concerning fall…

February 6, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Greguson's Nursery, Inc.

Limited contest made power-line citation final, penalty set at $100

Greguson's Nursery performed landscaping work, and one of its employees was electrocuted when the boom he was operating contacted an energized power line while he moved boulders. The employer's notice of contest expressly challenged only OSHA's proposed $600 penalty. The Commission held that the…

February 6, 1975
Modified
COMM

Laster and Fingeret, Inc.

Penalties imposed for eight admitted construction violations

Laster and Fingeret was the general contractor at a building project and admitted three serious and five nonserious construction violations. The cited conditions included missing stair and perimeter railings, unguarded floor openings, fire-extinguisher and first-aid deficiencies, unsecured gas…

February 4, 1975
Modified
COMM

C. N. Flagg & Company, Inc., d/b/a Northeastern Contracting Company

Serious trench violation affirmed, willful citation vacated

Flagg was installing sewer pipe in a trench more than 15 feet deep. The trench boxes and sheeting did not protect the bottom portion, where employees worked, and the Commission upheld the finding that the soil was unstable. It affirmed a serious trenching violation and its $700 penalty from the…

February 4, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Carpenter Rigging and Contracting Corporation

Serious fall-protection violation reinstated with a $650 penalty

Carpenter Rigging was a subcontractor constructing an automated container warehouse at John F. Kennedy Airport. Two employees repositioned planking while standing on eight-inch girders about 21 feet above a concrete floor without safety belts or lanyards, and one employee fell and died. The…

February 4, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hoffman Construction Co.

Fall-protection violation affirmed, scaffold item vacated

Hoffman Construction employees installing concrete forms at a nuclear power project worked about 40 to 50 feet above the ground while wearing safety belts but not tying off their lanyards. The Commission found that most of the workers were stationary, could feasibly tie off, and faced a serious…

January 31, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Bay Marina, Inc.

Forklift failure-to-abate penalty set at $315

Bay Marina sold, stored, and repaired boats using a forklift that had an added counterweight without the manufacturer's approval. The company admitted the powered-industrial-truck violations and failed to remove the counterweight by the abatement date, leaving only the additional penalty in…

January 31, 1975
Modified
COMM

Todd Shipyards Corp.

Three repeated ship-repair violations affirmed

Todd Shipyards was repairing the S/S OREGON MAIL when OSHA found an unguarded manhole, an obstructed passageway, and an employee working from a scaffold railing without fall protection. The judge found repeated violations of the manhole, housekeeping, and elevated-work standards because earlier…

January 31, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp.

Open-floor fall hazard affirmed for $700

Underhill Construction employees stripped concrete forms near unguarded perimeters on the 18th through 20th floors of a New York apartment project. The judge vacated the citation because contract negotiations began before the effective dates stated in a Construction Safety Act provision. The…

January 31, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Dayton Tire & Rubber Co.

Recordkeeping duty covered supplied warehouse workers

Dayton operated a tire warehouse using about 65 workers supplied and paid by Manpower, Inc. Dayton selected the workers, trained and equipped them, controlled their schedules and assignments, supervised them, and could discipline or remove them. The Commission held that economic reality made Dayton…

January 29, 1975
Modified
COMM

California Rotogravure Co.

Storage-roof violation affirmed without penalty

California Rotogravure operated a printing plant where employees occasionally climbed onto an unguarded office roof to handle stored materials. The Commission held that the roof became a working platform when employees used it and affirmed the guardrail violation without a penalty. It vacated a…

January 28, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

A. B. Hall, d/b/a Dixie Roofing & Metal Co.

Roof citations reduced to nonserious

Dixie Roofing employees installed roofing around 12 unguarded openings and along unguarded edges about 15 to 16 feet above lower surfaces. They also used an unsecured wooden ladder several times each day to reach the roof. The judge affirmed all three violations but reduced the roof-opening and…

January 28, 1975
Modified
COMM

Badger Aluminum Extrusion Corp.

Acid-tank platform penalty restored

Badger Aluminum used an unguarded platform above a tank containing a five-foot depth of 15 percent sulfuric acid solution. An employee worked on the platform, creating a risk of falling into the tank. The judge affirmed a nonserious guardrail violation but vacated the proposed penalty because the…

January 27, 1975
Modified
COMM

Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, A Div. of United Aircraft Corp.

Loading-area general-duty citation vacated

Pratt & Whitney loaded tractor-trailers on a service road near a remote storage building, using forklifts for about 30 minutes at a time. Traffic was infrequent, moved slowly, and consisted mainly of company vehicles, while the forklifts and trucks used warning lights and employees followed safety…

January 27, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Uriel G. Ashworth

Masonry-wall shoring citation vacated

Ashworth was the masonry subcontractor on a school project where tall block walls remained unbraced before the roof trusses were installed. One wall collapsed during a weekend, and a second wall later collapsed, killing one worker and injuring several others. OSHA cited the masonry contractor under…

January 24, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Marine Terminals Corp.

Posted settlement approved without separate service proof

Marine Terminals contested only the two $125 penalties associated with its citation, so the citation itself had already become final. The parties agreed that OSHA would withdraw one proposed penalty and the employer would withdraw its contest to the other. The settlement was posted at the worksite…

January 23, 1975
Settled
COMM

Deemer Steel Casting Co.

Grinding-dust abatement stayed for variance review

Deemer Steel used portable grinders to clean castings without hoods or enclosures connected to an exhaust system. The parties agreed that no workable system had been arranged for the varied work positions, and the company began requiring respirators after the citation. The Commission affirmed the…

January 23, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

St. Regis Paper Co.

Noise-abatement extension affirmed after employee notice

St. Regis sought additional time to correct employee noise exposures at its Bucksport, Maine, facility. The judge granted an extension from August 6, 1974, to March 1, 1983, following the timetable in the company's hazard profile study. OSHA did not object and stated that the company had made a…

January 22, 1975
Procedural
COMM

Structural Steel Erectors, Inc., d/b/a Pecosteel-Arizona

Serious skylight violation affirmed

Pecosteel installed a metal roof with four plastic skylight panels that could not support a 200-pound person. The job foreman initially kept the skylights covered with metal sheets but removed those sheets when other roofing material failed to arrive. The next morning the foreman fell through an…

January 22, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Traders Oil Mill Co.

Raw-cotton-dust items vacated on summary judgment

OSHA cited Traders Oil Mill for failing to control alleged excessive concentrations of raw cotton dust. The plant superintendent submitted an affidavit stating that the facility processed only cottonseed and did not procure, process, or otherwise handle raw cotton. OSHA did not file a…

January 20, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

James Tice, d/b/a Tice Industries

Swing-saw citation split, penalty cut to $50

Tice Industries used a metal swing saw that could extend beyond the workbench and had a blade guarded only on its upper half. The employer's informal answer timely challenged the allegation that the saw's overtravel exposed the operator's body, and the Commission found OSHA had not proved that…

January 20, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Peter Bratti Associates, Inc. & D'Adderio Construction Co., Inc.

Cylinder and fire-protection citations vacated

Bratti performed stonework and D'Adderio performed brickwork on a 15-story construction project where compressed-gas cylinders were found lying on their sides without valve caps. OSHA also alleged that required fire extinguishers were missing. The judge found insufficient evidence that either…

January 17, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

Martin Iron Works, Inc.

Crane inspection violations added without penalties

Martin Iron Works used a crane beyond the manufacturer's rated lifting radius and capacity during structural steel erection at a Nevada casino project. The judge affirmed that serious violation for $850, along with an inadequate ladder for $55, unsecured gas cylinders for $55, and an improperly…

January 17, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Weicker Transfer & Storage Co.

Crane lessor remained employer of leased crew

Weicker leased a crane, operator, and oiler to a construction contractor under an agreement placing the crew under the contractor's exclusive supervision and control. The operator and oiler still reported to Weicker, punched its time clock, were paid by it, considered themselves its employees, and…

January 17, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Edgewood Construction Co.

Gas-detection general-duty violation affirmed

Edgewood installed a sewer beside a corroded natural-gas line that leaked repeatedly during the project. Employees relied on odor and waited 15 minutes for ventilation before entering the sewer, but the company did not use gas-detection instruments or change its ventilation methods. Gas accumulated…

January 17, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Murphy Pacific Marine Salvage Co.

Eye-protection violation affirmed for $25

An individual at Murphy Pacific's Staten Island yard used an air hose to clean an engine without protective goggles. When OSHA pointed out the condition, the foreman stopped the work and the individual retrieved goggles from his locker before resuming. The Commission inferred from the…

January 13, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

McGuire & Hester

Trench and spoil-pile violations affirmed

McGuire & Hester reopened a trench to reposition a water line beneath a gas main. An employee worked in a section more than five feet deep that lacked adequate shoring or compliant sloping, while traffic and heavy equipment operated nearby. Excavated soil three to four feet high was also piled…

January 10, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Norfolk & Western Railway Co.

Poster item affirmed, recordkeeping items vacated

Norfolk & Western operated a railroad switching and maintenance yard in Bellevue, Ohio. OSHA cited it for failing to post the required employee-rights notice and for failing to maintain the injury log, supplementary record, and annual summary. The Commission affirmed the poster citation and its $50…

January 8, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Chamberlain Manufacturing Corp.

Nine violations affirmed, penalties set at $1,292.50

Chamberlain operated an Iowa manufacturing plant producing ammunition components, appliance shelving, and aluminum ladders. The judge affirmed nine nonserious items involving damaged hoist ropes and a distorted hook, missing electrical covers, excessive compressed-air pressure, emergency washing…

January 7, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Heede International, Inc.

Serious wire-rope clip violation affirmed

Heede directed the dismantling of a climbing crane inside a building under construction in Puerto Rico. A 7/8-inch wire-rope sling used in the operation was formed with three U-bolt clips, while the applicable table required four. The judge found that Heede controlled the crane operation and the…

January 7, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

A. G. Pinkston Co., Inc.

Serious trench penalty reduced to $250

Pinkston employees worked in a trench about seven feet deep without adequate shoring or sloping. The soil was cohesive clay, but it was not solid rock or another material exempt from the trench-protection requirement, and some soil had already sloughed from the side. The judge found a serious…

January 7, 1975
Modified
COMM

Allied Structural Steel Co.

Bridge fall-protection violations affirmed

Allied Structural Steel employees worked on a Mississippi River bridge at elevations about 80 feet above a concrete deck and 100 feet above the water. Several employees lacked safety nets, belts, scaffolds, catch platforms, or comparable fall protection, and employees moved between elevations by…

January 7, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Langer Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc.

Flat-roof edge violation affirmed

Langer employees worked on an unguarded flat roof more than six feet above the adjacent level. The Commission held that the open-sided-floor standard applied to flat roofs and affirmed that nonserious violation with a $55 penalty. A separate four-foot-square opening was covered by an unfastened…

January 7, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Godwin-Bevers Co., Inc.

General-duty citation vacated because crane standard applied

Godwin-Bevers directed a leased crane and rigging crew while erecting precast concrete units beneath a 7,620-volt power line. A crane cable contacted the line, killing the contractor's foreman and injuring another employee and the crane lessor's oiler. OSHA cited Godwin-Bevers under the general…

January 7, 1975
Citations vacated
COMM

State Contracting Co., Inc.

Hard-hat item affirmed, trench penalties reduced

Two State Contracting employees worked in a deep trench that lacked required shoring or sloping, had no ladder for exit, and exposed them to falling material without hard hats. The employer had supplied hard hats and required their use, but the parties tried whether the employees actually wore…

January 3, 1975
Modified
COMM

E. C. Ernst, Inc.

Delayed hard-hat item vacated, housekeeping affirmed

OSHA inspected Ernst's electrical work at a multi-employer construction site and issued a citation 69 days later. The hard-hat item involved an employee who left Ernst before the citation issued and could not later be located. The Commission affirmed vacation of that item because the delay…

January 3, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Gelhaar Uniform Co.

Needle-guard violation affirmed, exit item vacated

Gelhaar manufactured uniforms using dozens of powered sewing machines without point-of-operation needle guards. The Commission affirmed that violation and its $30 penalty because the exposed needles could puncture operators and employee resistance did not excuse missing guards. It vacated a…

December 31, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Abdo S. Allen Co.

Demolition, posting, and recordkeeping allegations vacated

A front-end loader operator was killed when he drove onto an underground tunnel roof despite repeated instructions and warnings to avoid it. The Commission affirmed the judge's order vacating every allegation. The employer could not reasonably have anticipated the experienced operator's conduct…

December 27, 1974
Citations vacated
COMM

Safeway Stores, Inc.

Wheel-blocking violations affirmed before reconsideration

Safeway routinely loaded and unloaded semitrailers at three distribution facilities without wheel chocks or blocks. The Commission affirmed three violations of the truck-operations standard and penalties totaling $110. It vacated the parallel allegations under a second powered-industrial-truck…

December 26, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Chicago Bridge & Iron Co.

Electrical and passageway items affirmed

Chicago Bridge & Iron was one of many contractors building nuclear-reactor containment vessels. OSHA cited improper attachment plugs, unguarded temporary bulbs, temporary lights suspended by unsuitable cords, 110-volt portable lighting in moist metal vessels, and hoses and cables obstructing…

December 26, 1974
Citations affirmed
COMM

Charles A. Davison & Margaret S. Davison, dba Davison Wood Products

Machine-guarding items affirmed without penalties

OSHA cited a small woodworking business for unguarded sanding machines, a jointer, saw belts and pulleys, and a rip saw, along with alleged electrical, spray-booth ventilation, and first-aid violations. The judge affirmed the four machine-guarding items without penalties. He vacated the electrical…

December 26, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Shaffer Construction & Engineering Co.

Fatal trenching violations affirmed

Eight employees worked in an approximately eight-foot-deep trench cut into soft, wet, unstable soil near highway and railroad traffic. The walls were almost vertical, had no shoring or bracing, and one wall collapsed and killed an employee. The Commission affirmed a serious violation of the…

December 24, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Anheuser-Busch, Inc.

Forklift overhead-guard citation vacated

Anheuser-Busch operated 17 forklifts without overhead guards in brewery aisles bordered by stacked cans, bottles, kegs, and pallets. The judge found that the employer restricted those forklifts to operations without a foreseeable falling-object danger and that its stacking and handling practices…

December 24, 1974
Citations vacated
COMM

J.M. Roofing Co.

Fatal crane power-line violation affirmed

A crane lowering roofing equipment contacted an energized 4,800-volt power line and electrocuted an employee. The foreman knew the crane was operating in the narrow area between the building and the line but took no effective action to maintain the required ten-foot clearance. The Commission…

December 24, 1974
Citations affirmed
COMM

West Allis Lime and Cement Company

Reverse-alarm citation vacated

A ready-mix concrete truck backed approximately 650 feet through a construction site without a reverse alarm or observer. The judge held that the truck driver's work was construction activity covered by the cited standard, but vacated because OSHA did not prove that the truck's rear view was…

December 23, 1974
Citations vacated
COMM

Frozen Fruit Concentrates, Inc.

Forklift overhead-guard violation affirmed

A forklift operator removed a damaged overhead guard and used the truck for about six hours to stack cartons of frozen juice as high as 11 feet 3 inches. His supervisor saw the unguarded truck in operation. The Commission affirmed a serious violation because cartons stacked above the operator could…

December 19, 1974
Citations affirmed
COMM

Spring Air Mattress Co. of Colorado

Cotton-dust citation vacated for inconclusive sampling

Spring Air Mattress processed cotton linters into batting in a garnetting room where visible dust settled on employees and machinery. OSHA sampled two employees for about three and a half hours and calculated total dust concentrations of 3.15 and 2.90 milligrams per cubic meter, above the…

December 19, 1974
Citations vacated
COMM

D. Fortunato, Inc.

Failure-to-abate notice vacated as premature

D. Fortunato did not contest a serious citation alleging missing scaffold guardrails and paid its $550 penalty. The citation was received on January 15 and required immediate abatement. OSHA reinspected the next day, found the condition uncorrected, and issued a failure-to-abate notice with an…

December 6, 1974
Citations vacated
COMM

Atlantic Dry Dock Corporation and Atlantic Marine, Inc.

Late contest dismissed

Atlantic Dry Dock and Atlantic Marine settled an earlier citation case that required abatement of specified conditions. OSHA later issued a failure-to-abate notification with $7,982 in additional penalties. The companies did not file their notice of contest within the statutory 15-working-day…

December 4, 1974
Procedural
COMM

Penn Central Transportation Company

Untimely railroad citations remained final

OSHA cited Penn Central for unsafe track conditions and multiple shop, office, electrical, housekeeping, and recordkeeping conditions at a Virginia rail yard. Penn Central did not timely contest the original citations, so the Commission held that they became final by operation of law and the…

November 29, 1974
Modified
COMM

Limbach Company, Inc.

Scaffold-base violation affirmed without penalty

Two employees worked from a tubular welded scaffold positioned over a seventh-floor shaft. The scaffold had originally been mobile, but its rear casters were removed and the rear legs were placed directly on a secured plank instead of adjustable or plain bases. The judge held that removing the…

November 29, 1974
Modified
COMM

Clarkson Construction Company

Subcontractor dump-truck violation affirmed

A subcontractor's dump truck backed along a highway-construction work area without a reverse alarm or an observer and fatally injured a Clarkson flagman. Clarkson directed where the subcontractor's trucks loaded and unloaded, controlled their operation within the project, and used them in its work…

November 29, 1974
Citations affirmed
COMM

Larry D. Mack, General Contractor

Three construction items affirmed without penalties

OSHA cited six conditions at a small construction project. The judge affirmed a technical open-wiring violation because a partially covered energized panel remained accessible, a stair-railing violation because carpenters were using the stairs, and a fire-extinguisher violation because travel…

November 27, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Southern Railway Company

Nine repair-shop items affirmed

OSHA cited ten conditions at Southern Railway's Spartanburg maintenance and repair facility, including spray-area lighting, welding-fume exposure, sanitation, fixed ladders, scaffolds, and welding-screen protection. The Commission rejected the railroad's claim that Department of Transportation…

November 26, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Union Pacific Railroad Company

Five repair-shop items affirmed

OSHA cited eight conditions in Union Pacific's Cheyenne machine and wheel shops. The Commission affirmed five items involving missing crane load markings, uncaged access ladders, absent crane inspections, uninspected fire extinguishers, and missing extinguisher maintenance tags, with $295 in…

November 26, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Illinois Terminal Railroad Company

Floor-opening item affirmed, recordkeeping item vacated

Illinois Terminal left a 10-to-12-foot-deep diesel-shop floor opening guarded only by a thin cloth rope, with reinforcing rods extending upward from the pit. The railroad admitted the condition, and the Commission affirmed the floor-opening violation and its $90 penalty because the Department of…

November 26, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Union Pacific Railroad Company

Railroad office fire-safety items affirmed

OSHA cited Union Pacific's Pocatello yard office for using unsuitable fire protection around energized equipment, failing to mark exits and misleading doors, and obscuring a carbon-dioxide extinguisher behind a partition. The railroad did not rebut the conditions but argued that Federal Railroad…

November 26, 1974
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.