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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
5,577 decisions

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COMM

The Anaconda Company, Wire & Cable Div.

Settlement approval set aside for revision and service proof

The Secretary and Anaconda jointly told the Commission that their submitted settlement did not accurately reflect their agreement and asked to replace it. The Commission set aside the judge's approval and remanded the case. It also found the settlement's employee-service certification inadequate…

October 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

The Anaconda Company, Wire & Cable Division

Settlement approval set aside for revision and service proof

The Secretary and Anaconda jointly told the Commission that their submitted settlement did not accurately reflect their agreement and asked to replace it. The Commission set aside the judge's approval and remanded the case. It also found the settlement's employee-service certification inadequate…

October 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Texland Drilling Corporation

Safety-belt citation vacated for unpreventable misconduct

A Texland Drilling derrick worker removed his safety belt, moved from a platform onto a beam about 50 feet above the derrick floor, fell, and was killed. OSHA alleged that the company failed to require appropriate personal protective equipment. The Commission found that Texland had a written and…

October 30, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Sam Hall & Sons, Inc.

Equipment lessor responsible for employees in unsafe trench

Sam Hall & Sons supplied boring equipment and two operators for a city pipeline project. The operators worked in a deep, nearly vertical trench with wet soil and spoil piled at its edge. The judge vacated the citations because the city created and supervised the trench. The Commission held that Sam…

October 29, 1980
Remanded
COMM

ASARCO, Inc.

Union participation required before settlement approval

ASARCO and the Secretary submitted a settlement after the United Steelworkers local representing affected employees had elected party status. The agreement stated only that it had been posted and did not show that the union received it, agreed to it, or participated in negotiations. The Commission…

October 22, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Leone Industries, Inc.

Repeated classification requires a decision

OSHA cited Leone Industries for repeated machine-guarding violations and proposed penalties totaling $4,200. The judge found two serious violations and assessed $1,000 for each, but did not decide whether they were repeated because the penalties fit within the serious-violation limit. The…

October 22, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Vampco Metal Products, Inc.

Press-brake guarding dispute remanded under employer defense burdens

Vampco manufactured custom metal products with press brakes whose operators held material near the point of operation. After Vampco did not abate an uncontested machine-guarding citation, the judge vacated failure-to-correct items for two presses because he found that feasible guarding had not been…

October 22, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Plum Creek Lumber Company

Accurate hearing transcript remains in the public record

The Secretary asked the Commission to remove about eight pages from a hearing transcript, primarily remarks by the judge about an alleged ex parte communication. The Commission held that the Act and its rules require public records and verbatim hearing transcripts, and the disputed material was not…

October 20, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Durant Elevator, A Division of Scoular-Bishop Grain Co.

Ammonia nurse tanks qualify as farm vehicles

Durant sold anhydrous ammonia to local farmers and transported it in 1,000-gallon nurse tanks mounted on four-wheel trailers. OSHA cited Durant because the trailers lacked the self-energizing brakes required for full trailers transporting ammonia. The Commission found that the nurse tank trailers…

October 20, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Ferro Corporation (Electro Division)

Interlocutory appeal accepted

Ferro Corporation asked the Commission to accept an interlocutory appeal while the underlying case was still pending. The Commission granted the petition. The official order does not identify the issue presented, the cited standards, or the next procedural step.

October 17, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Stearns-Roger, Inc.

Serious fall-protection violation affirmed after delayed citation

Stearns-Roger had 10 to 25 ironworkers performing bolting work on narrow steel beams 94 to 120 feet above the ground. Employees tied off while stationary but often walked between connection points without fall protection. The judge vacated the citation because OSHA issued it 139 days after the…

October 17, 1980
Modified
COMM

American Package Company, Inc.

Wrapper citation affirmed and paper-cutter citation vacated

American Package manufactured paper boxes with wrapping machines and guillotine paper cutters. The Commission found that wrapper operators could activate a cycle and then reach into the crushing point of operation. It rejected the company's impossibility defense because the company had not tried…

October 17, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Asarco, Inc., El Paso Division, Hughes Tool Company

Complaints required in regular proceedings

The Secretary did not file timely complaints after ASARCO and Hughes Tool contested OSHA citations. The judge treated the citations as the complaints and ordered the employers to answer. The Commission held that a citation and complaint are separate documents and that a complaint is mandatory in…

September 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Asarco, Inc. El Paso Division Hughes Tool Company

Complaints required in regular proceedings

The Secretary did not file timely complaints after ASARCO and Hughes Tool contested OSHA citations. The judge treated the citations as the complaints and ordered the employers to answer. The Commission held that a citation and complaint are separate documents and that a complaint is mandatory in…

September 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Austin Building Company

Gas-cylinder item affirmed and fall-protection issue remanded

Austin employees welded near an unguarded edge on top of a precipitator where a fall could be nearly 80 feet. OSHA also found an acetylene cylinder ready for use and an oxygen cylinder lying unsecured on the floor. The Commission held that the compressed-gas rule requires cylinders to remain…

September 30, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Metropak Containers Corp.

Protected noise-study evidence excluded after unauthorized disclosure

The Secretary used a private expert to study engineering controls for a noise citation at Metropak's facility under an order limiting the information to the case. An OSHA compliance officer showed one of the protected reports to an area director, who disclosed it to a Metropak competitor. The judge…

September 30, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Navajo Forest Products Industries

Tribal enterprise not subject to the OSH Act under Navajo treaty rights

Navajo Forest Products Industries was created and operated by the Navajo tribe on the reservation to develop timber resources, provide employment, and support tribal services. OSHA cited the enterprise after workplace inspections, and the parties agreed that it fit the Act's literal definition of…

September 30, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Donald Harris, Inc.

Unguarded scaffold violation properly classified as repeated

OSHA found the company's foreman working on a scaffold about 15 feet high without a standard guardrail. Donald Harris argued that the citation should be vacated because it was not invited to join the inspection, but the Commission found no prejudice to its defense. The company had two earlier final…

September 30, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Fleetwood Homes of Texas, Inc.

Movable assembly spanners classified as scaffolds

Fleetwood employees used aluminum spanners between mobile-home assembly decks to work on the ends of homes. The unguarded spanners were about four feet two inches and seven feet above the floor and were removed and repositioned every two hours as homes advanced through production. The Commission…

September 30, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Brown & Root, Inc.

Falling-object hazard required stronger controls than a general work rule

Brown & Root employees removed heavy steel whalers from concrete forms 30 to 40 feet above other employees working near a spillway wall. An unsecured whaler fell and fatally struck a worker below. The Commission found that falling objects were a recognized construction hazard and that tying off the…

September 30, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Babcock & Wilcox Co.

Silica settlement approved subject to service on the union

OSHA cited excess respirable silica exposure for two foundry shakeout employees. The settlement reclassified the violations as other than serious, eliminated the $480 penalty, extended abatement to July 1, 1979, and required engineering controls, monitoring, reports, and respiratory protection. A…

September 29, 1980
Settled
COMM

Lutz, Daily & Brain-Consulting Engineers

Nearman asbestos case severed from Kaw Valley review

OSHA cited the engineering firm for not monitoring asbestos concentrations or posting warning signs at the Kaw Valley and Nearman Creek power-station projects. The judge consolidated the cases for hearing and vacated both citations. The Secretary sought Commission review of findings concerning Kaw…

September 25, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Otis Elevator Company

Settled dockets severed from noise review

OSHA issued seven citations after inspecting Otis Elevator's Ohio iron foundry, and the resulting contests were consolidated. The parties settled most citations, the Secretary withdrew one remaining crane item, and the judge vacated a repeated noise citation after a hearing. The Secretary sought…

September 25, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Darragh Company

Feed deliveries treated as exempt agricultural operations

Darragh contracted with farmers to raise its chickens and sent employees to deliver feed into bins on the farms. The drivers had to climb sixteen-to-eighteen-foot fixed ladders that did not meet several general industry ladder requirements. The Commission focused on the specific task that exposed…

September 25, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

R. Zoppo Co. Inc.

Excavation citation remains vacated without merits review

The judge vacated a citation alleging that R. Zoppo failed to protect excavation sides, slopes, and faces by accepted engineering methods. Neither party petitioned for review. Although review was directed on the excavation issue, the Secretary stated that the record was not an appropriate vehicle…

September 25, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Independence Foundry & Manufacturing Co. Inc.

Noise and silica abatement extension approved in full

Independence Foundry sought another extension of final abatement dates for excessive noise and airborne silica dust. The parties agreed to September 1, 1980 and detailed interim measures, including respirator and hearing-protection programs, employee training, medical and audiometric review…

August 29, 1980
Settled
COMM

National Steel and Shipbuilding Company

Settlement remanded for proof of employee service

The parties agreed to affirm one shipyard citation item with no penalty, withdraw four items, and test a flanged-hood engineering control for lead and zinc chloride. Their agreement also stated that the affirmed violation could not support a future repeat citation. The Commission held that…

August 29, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Snider Industries Inc.

Oral settlement remanded for a written agreement and employee service

Snider and the Secretary placed an oral settlement on the hearing record under which Snider withdrew its contest but did not admit violating the Act. The judge approved $3,600 in penalties and stated that the Act and cited standards had been violated. The Commission held that the judge could not…

August 29, 1980
Remanded
COMM

S & S Diving Company

Divers and tenders were employees under the Act

S & S harvested geoducks and other products from Puget Sound using divers and tenders whom it characterized as independent contractors. The Commission evaluated the economic realities of the relationship rather than relying only on common-law labels. S & S paid the workers, controlled the vessel…

August 29, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Weldship Corporation

Settlement remanded for abatement and employee-notice defects

Weldship and the Secretary agreed to withdraw one citation item, reduce total penalties from $2,160 to $1,730, and have Weldship withdraw its contest. The agreement stated that Weldship did not admit liability but did not say whether or when the cited conditions had been abated. It also lacked…

August 29, 1980
Remanded
COMM

General Motors Corp. (Inland Div.)

TDI-related respiratory illnesses had to be recorded

Three General Motors employees developed respiratory problems after beginning work in areas that used toluene diisocyanate, or TDI. Each employee was hospitalized for about a week, and personal physicians linked the illnesses or their aggravation to fumes or TDI exposure. General Motors transferred…

August 29, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Continental Grain Company

Review petition withdrawn by joint motion

All parties jointly asked to withdraw the petition for discretionary review and requested final disposition. The Commission granted the motion. The official order does not identify the underlying citation, standards, or settlement terms.

August 28, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Capital City Excavating Co., Inc.

Late contest leaves trench citations final

OSHA sent Capital City trench citations and a proposed $550 penalty by certified mail. A clerical employee accepted them at the company's office on September 13, 1978, but the company did not mail its contest until October 6 or 7. The Commission held that delivery to an employee who accepts…

August 22, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Missouri Farmer's Association inc.

Non-admission clauses do not defeat settlements

Three employers submitted settlements that withdrew their notices of contest but stated that they did not admit the alleged violations. The judge rejected the agreements because of that exculpatory language. The Commission held that settlement agreements may contain non-admission clauses when they…

August 22, 1980
Settled
COMM

GAF Corp.

Comprehensive settlement approved despite exculpatory clause

GAF, the Secretary, and the union resolved numerous citation items through a comprehensive settlement. The agreement included a clause stating that the withdrawal, abatement, and penalty payment could not be treated as an admission or violation finding in OSHA matters involving GAF facilities other…

August 22, 1980
Settled
COMM

Druth Packaging Corporation

Noise violations affirmed but abatement dates remanded

Employees at two corrugators were exposed to excessive noise and did not use available hearing protection. The Secretary's acoustical expert identified feasible rigid or flexible barriers that could reduce noise by three to eight decibels. The Commission affirmed the judge's finding that Druth…

August 20, 1980
Remanded
COMM

PPG Industries (Caribe a Corporation)

Mixed mercury and respirator ruling left unreviewed

The judge vacated two citation items involving mercury exposure limits and feasible controls. He found a respirator fit-and-seal violation but classified it as de minimis. The Secretary did not wish to pursue review, while PPG sought to preserve the vacated items and eliminate the de minimis…

August 20, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Southwestern Electric Power Company

Unguarded lathe chucks remain de minimis

Southwestern Electric Power Company did not guard the rotating chucks on two lathes, contrary to the general machine-guarding standard. The judge reduced the alleged nonserious violations to de minimis because the hazards were too slight to require abatement or a penalty. The Commission affirmed…

August 19, 1980
Modified
COMM

Tunnel Electric Construction Co.

Exposed energized tunnel cables support serious violation

Energized 480-volt and 7,200-volt cables lay in mud, water, debris, and hardened concrete in subway tunnels where heavy equipment and employees operated. The Commission held that the rule requiring cables to be elevated or covered was not vague. The cables had suffered repeated damage, and their…

August 11, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Weatherby Engineering Company

Respirator case severed from platform review

OSHA issued separate cases after one inspection of Weatherby's offshore drilling-rig module fabrication workplace. The judge consolidated the cases and affirmed a respirator breathing-air citation in Docket 78-0611 without a penalty. Commission review was directed only on a guardrail item in Docket…

August 8, 1980
Procedural
COMM

National Roofing Corporation

Late contest remanded for inquiry into OSHA instructions

National Roofing filed its notice of contest after the statutory deadline. It claimed that the compliance officer had told it to put the citation away and forget about it. The judge dismissed the contest without investigating that allegation or making factual findings. The Commission set aside the…

July 31, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Pullman Power Products

Inspection objections require proof of prejudice

A Pullman employee used an open-sided catwalk 50 to 60 feet above a floor, and employees also faced a tripping hazard. The judge vacated the citations because Pullman's foreman did not understand that an OSHA inspection was underway. The Commission held that the compliance officer had permission to…

July 31, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Ladish Co. Tri-Clover Division

Post-1972 installations must comply with the full electrical code

Ladish installed electrical equipment in 1976 without enough access and working space for safe operation and maintenance. It admitted that the condition violated section 110-16(a) of the 1971 National Electrical Code but disputed whether OSHA had incorporated that provision. The Commission held…

July 31, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Mayhew Steel Products, Inc.

Stamping-machine guard issue remanded for accidental exposure analysis

Employees held tools by hand while a foot-operated stamping machine rolled a steel ring stamp across them. The judge vacated the machine-guarding citation because operators kept their fingers outside the point of operation during normal use. The Commission held that this reasoning conflicted with…

July 31, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Austin Road

Repeated trench violation remanded under Potlatch test

Austin Road was cited for a serious and repeated violation after employees worked near an inadequately protected trench in hard or compact soil. The judge found the violation repeated under an older test. The Commission set aside that classification and remanded for reconsideration under its…

July 31, 1980
Remanded
COMM

S. J. Groves & Sons Company

Citation vacated under appellate mandate

The Second Circuit reversed an earlier Commission decision and ordered the citation vacated. The Commission held that the appellate ruling was the law of the case and entered the required vacatur. This short order does not identify the underlying OSHA standard, penalty, or merits analysis.

July 30, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

OSCO Industries, Inc.

Protective-clothing citation vacated for lack of a recognized hazard

OSCO's foundry employees poured molten iron while wearing gloves, eye protection, and leather leggings. OSHA argued that flame-resistant jackets and trousers were also required. The Commission found that the ladles could not tip toward employees and that barriers, grills, sand, and dry floors…

July 30, 1980
Citations vacated
COMM

Texaco, Inc.

Even split leaves benzene ruling in place

The judge affirmed three nonserious citations involving excessive benzene vapor exposure at Texaco's Port Arthur marine terminal. He declined to require the Secretary's proposed engineering controls because their economic feasibility was not established. The employee union sought review of…

July 22, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Sunrise Plastering Corp.

Floor-opening citation affirmed against controlling subcontractor

Floor openings for elevators, stairs, and air ducts were left without covers or standard guardrails in a twelve-story construction project. Sunrise had performed the site's carpentry and OSHA compliance work, knew that other subcontractors had removed covers, and undertook to restore the…

July 18, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Red Lobster Inns of America, Inc.

Site control creates liability for an ungrounded generator

Red Lobster coordinated subcontractors constructing a new restaurant through its on-site superintendent. A rented generator was used without grounding, exposing two subcontractor employees to possible death or serious injury. Although Red Lobster's own employee was not exposed, the Commission held…

July 18, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Georgia Highway Express, Inc.

Freight-handling hazards require safety-toed shoes

Employees moved freight with hand trucks carrying up to 700 pounds and a forklift carrying palletized loads up to 2,000 pounds. They did not wear safety-toed shoes, and the terminal had recorded two foot or toe injuries over several years. The Commission agreed that falling freight and moving…

July 18, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Circle T. Drilling Co., Inc.

Discovery dismissal reversed absent prejudice or defiance

The Secretary missed a deadline for answering interrogatories after the assigned attorney took emergency leave because of illness and two deaths in his family. The judge dismissed the case and vacated the citations and proposed penalties as a discovery sanction. The Commission found no deliberate…

July 1, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Bushwick Commission Co., Inc.

Abatement-extension request did not contest the citation

Bushwick asked OSHA for 30 additional days to install machine guards. The judge treated the request as a notice contesting the affected citation items and later vacated those items when the Secretary did not plead them. The Commission held that the letter unambiguously sought only more abatement…

July 1, 1980
Procedural
COMM

National Industrial Constructors, Inc.

Sixty-foot fall-hazard items remanded under current precedent

Four employees installing metal decking faced potential 60-foot falls from a floor edge and through an unguarded wall opening. The judge vacated the safety-net and personal-protective-equipment allegations but affirmed the wall-opening item. Intervening Commission decisions changed or clarified the…

July 1, 1980
Remanded
COMM

H. B. Zachry Co. International

Backing alarm and shear-guard citations affirmed

A leased dump truck with an obstructed rear view had no reverse alarm or observer and struck and killed a person while backing. The Commission found that Zachry employees and employees of other contractors had access to the truck's path, so it affirmed a serious vehicle citation. It also affirmed a…

July 1, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

J. L. Foti Construction Company, Inc.

Scaffold and repeated-classification issues remanded

Employees worked on three levels of a tubular-frame scaffold without standard guardrails and toeboards. The judge found a serious violation but rejected repeated classification because the earlier citation involved a different scaffold standard. The Commission remanded for reconsideration of…

June 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Texaco, Inc.

Explosion-proof lamp citation remanded for fuller analysis

A mechanic used an unapproved portable lamp and drop cord in a truck-maintenance bay containing a classified hazardous area near the floor. The judge vacated the citation because the Secretary did not prove that the lamp itself entered that eighteen-inch zone. The Secretary offered additional…

June 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Kenneth P. Thompson Co., Inc.

Fire and fall items mostly affirmed, roof-storage item vacated

The masonry subcontractor faced several citations at a motel construction project. The Commission affirmed fire-extinguisher requirements for a gasoline refueling area and an LP-gas storage location, an uncovered floor-hole item, and serious wall-opening items. It reduced the storage-trailer access…

June 30, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Farmers Export Company

Settlement with exculpatory language approved

The parties settled a serious-citation case arising from Farmers Export's Louisiana grain facility. The judge rejected the agreement because it denied admissions and restricted use of the settlement in later proceedings. A Commission majority held that the Commission may review settlements but…

June 26, 1980
Settled
COMM

Tri-City Construction Company

Willful power-line violation carries maximum penalty

A Tri-City employee operated a backhoe beneath a 7,200-volt overhead line and contacted it. The company knew the power-line hazard, did not use a designated observer while the backhoe traveled beneath the line, and could have sought de-energization or protective covering from the utility. The…

June 18, 1980
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.