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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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COMM

Offshore Shipbuilding, Inc.

Confined-space training and two failure-to-abate items affirmed

Offshore Shipbuilding was repairing a ferry at its Florida shipyard after agreeing in an earlier settlement to correct cited safety violations. The Commission affirmed a repeated training violation because a newly hired welder entered a ballast tank without confined or enclosed-space training; the…

July 3, 2000
Citations affirmed
COMM

Kaspar Wire Works, Inc.

Commission upholds most willful recordkeeping violations but vacates unsupported items

Kaspar Wire Works manufactured formed wire products at a Shiner, Texas facility with roughly 850 to 900 employees. After a 1990 inspection, OSHA cited more than 400 alleged violations and proposed $1,236,000 in penalties; the ALJ affirmed most items and assessed $257,700. The Commission found that…

July 3, 2000
Mixed result
ALJ

Savenok Construction, Inc. (EZ)

Scaffold violation affirmed after the company skipped its hearing

Savenok Construction was a construction company working on a motel in Troy, Illinois. During a January 2000 inspection, OSHA found a roughly 60-foot tubular welded scaffold, over 30 feet tall, tied to the building by only a single thin metal strap nailed to the wall. OSHA issued one serious…

July 3, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Titan Tire Corporation of Natchez (EZ)

Electrical-classification violation affirmed after a carbon black dust flash fire

Titan Tire Corporation of Natchez made tires in Natchez, Mississippi. On October 4, 1999, a large enclosed rubber mixer (a Banbury mixer) belched a cloud of carbon black dust into the work area. The dust ignited in a flash fire that seriously burned two employees. OSHA cited Titan under the…

July 3, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations affirmed
COMM

Baker Support Services, Inc.

Untimely contest leaves lead citation final

Baker Support Services operated and maintained equipment at a Navy radio transmitter facility in Guam. OSHA issued a serious citation alleging that Baker had not made the initial determination required by the lead standard, with a proposed penalty of $2,000. Baker filed its notice of contest after…

June 30, 2000
Procedural
ALJ

Freeze Technology International, Inc.

Mixed ruling after nitrogen asphyxiation at pipeline freeze site

Freeze Technology used liquid nitrogen to form ice plugs in an underground water pipeline so Enerpipe could perform hydrostatic testing at a remote Oklahoma ranch. Two night-shift workers were found dead inside the freeze excavation after nitrogen gas displaced the oxygen. The judge affirmed…

June 23, 2000 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Hollywood Pool & Spa

Scaffold violations grouped with a $1,500 penalty

Hollywood Pool & Spa maintained swimming pools and was constructing its own building in Vestavia Hills, Alabama. OSHA cited five serious scaffold conditions involving incomplete planking, inadequate support, improper access, lack of a competent-person inspection, and missing fall protection. The…

June 23, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Modified
ALJ

Von Bodkin, d/b/a Eclipse Coating Systems

Seven-month-late contest dismissed

OSHA issued Eclipse Coating Systems a serious fall-protection citation after inspecting an Idaho worksite. An agent of the company signed for the citation on July 27, 1999, and the document twice explained that any contest had to be filed within 15 working days. Eclipse did not submit a notice of…

June 21, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Maersk Stevedoring Co.

Unguarded hatch violation affirmed, penalty cut

Maersk Stevedoring performed longshoring work aboard the Maersk San Antonio in Long Beach, California. An OSHA inspector saw a walking boss without fall protection near the edge of an open hatch where a fall of 16 to 20 feet was possible. The judge rejected Maersk's argument that OSHA had withdrawn…

June 19, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Modified
ALJ

Tri-State Steel Construction Company, Inc.

$23,400 EAJA award granted on remand

Tri-State sought attorney fees and expenses after prevailing on hazard-communication and highway traffic-control citation items from a bridge rehabilitation project. The Sixth Circuit had reversed an earlier ruling that Tri-State was ineligible under the Equal Access to Justice Act merely because…

June 15, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Dillingham Construction Pacific Basin LTD

Precast collapse citation reduced to serious

Dillingham Construction was the prime contractor for an addition to the Micronesia Mall in Guam. Precast concrete beams that had been placed without completing temporary welds collapsed while employees worked above and below them, fatally injuring an employee of a subcontractor. The judge found…

June 14, 2000 ·Robert A. Yetman
Modified
ALJ

B & B Plumbing, Inc.

Trench violations reduced from willful to serious

B & B Plumbing was installing sanitation plumbing at a school on the White Mountain Apache reservation in Arizona. Employees worked in a trench with vertical sides that reached about eight feet deep and had no protective system or adequate means of egress; an employee died in a cave-in. The judge…

June 9, 2000 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Modified
ALJ

General Property Services, Inc. a/k/a GPS Roofing Services

Training items affirmed, fall-protection item vacated

General Property Services contracted to replace deteriorated sections of a warehouse roof in Forest Park, Georgia. The judge found that GPS was the employer of the roofing crew because its officers supervised and inspected the work, it held crew leaders out as GPS officers, and it retained…

June 2, 2000 ·Nancy J. Spies
Mixed result
ALJ

Dayton Hudson Corp.

Roofing and acetone violations affirmed with reduced penalties

Dayton Hudson employees performed roofing work on a flat roof in West Allis, Wisconsin, about 28 feet above the next level. The company admitted that employees did not use available harnesses and that its warning-line system was incomplete, too loose, too close to the roof edge, and missing around…

May 26, 2000 ·James H. Barkley
Modified
ALJ

Black Construction Corp

Trench egress affirmed, loose-soil item vacated

Black Construction employees installed formwork beside sewer lines in a trench at Camp Watkins Road in Guam. An inspector measured the excavation at about six feet deep and saw two employees inside without a ladder or other safe means of egress. The judge credited the inspector's unrebutted…

May 26, 2000 ·Robert A. Yetman
Mixed result
COMM

N & N Contractors, Inc.

Fall-protection violation affirmed, training item vacated

N & N Contractors erected precast exterior panels on a twelve-story building in Washington, D.C. An employee crossed beneath a horizontal lifeline without tying off, stumbled near an unprotected edge, and fell more than 115 feet to his death. The Commission held that the fall-protection standard…

May 18, 2000
Mixed result
COMM

Branham Sign Company

Fall violations reduced from willful to serious

Branham Sign Company manufactured, serviced, and erected signs. A supervisor worked from an aerial-lift basket and on a sign about 64 feet above the ground without a tied-off safety harness. The Commission affirmed violations of both fall-protection standards but held that the Secretary had not…

May 15, 2000
Modified
ALJ

Delta T Construction Co., Inc.

Roof-cover and training-record violations affirmed

Delta T Construction was an insulation contractor working on a cold-storage warehouse roof. A temporary employee removed an unsecured roof-hole cover while collecting scrap, stepped into the opening, and fell 31 feet in a fatal accident. The judge held that Delta controlled the work environment and…

May 8, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Citations affirmed
ALJ

A. Hansen Masonry, Inc.

Repeat scaffold violation affirmed, forklift item vacated

A. Hansen Masonry performed construction work in San Antonio, Texas. OSHA observed an employee making repeated trips on a twelve-foot scaffold whose southwest corner lacked guardrails, and the employee used no other fall protection. The judge found employer knowledge because the foreman knew the…

May 8, 2000 ·James H. Barkley
Mixed result
ALJ

John B. Coffman, d/b/a Southeast Industrial Painting

Penalties cut for a small painting contractor who admitted the violations

John B. Coffman ran Southeast Industrial Painting, a small tank painting and renovation business in Florida. OSHA inspected a jobsite in Orange Park, Florida in August 1997 and issued five citations spread across two dockets. Coffman first contested the citations, but the cases were held while a…

May 8, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Modified
ALJ

AIA Environmental

Unsecured-cylinder item affirmed, two items vacated

AIA Environmental performed interior demolition at an office building in Connecticut. OSHA found unsecured oxygen and acetylene cylinders, cited their close placement, and alleged that AIA did not make its written hazard-communication program available upon request. The judge affirmed the…

April 28, 2000 ·Covette Rooney
Mixed result
COMM

Great Lakes Packaging Corp.

Annual-audiogram violation made willful and penalty doubled

Great Lakes Packaging made cardboard packaging and displays at a Germantown, Wisconsin facility. Its workers' compensation insurer repeatedly warned that measured noise levels triggered OSHA hearing-conservation requirements, including baseline and annual audiograms. Great Lakes gave audiograms at…

April 28, 2000
Modified
COMM

Calhar Construction Inc.

Late contest remains dismissed

CalHar Construction employed field construction workers and a four-person administrative staff in Texas. After a fatal accident, OSHA issued two serious citation items with proposed penalties totaling $3,375. An office employee called OSHA because she found the citation confusing, left a message…

April 27, 2000
Procedural
COMM

Montgomery Security Doors & Ornamental Iron, Inc.

Late contest relief denied

Montgomery Security Doors & Ornamental Iron was a small ornamental-iron manufacturer and installer in Alabama. OSHA issued five serious citation items with proposed penalties totaling $5,150, but the company mailed its notice of contest nine days after the deadline. The company said its vice…

April 27, 2000
Procedural
ALJ

Seven Seventeen HBE Colorado Corporation d/b/a/ Antler's Adam's Mark

Late refund request denied

Seven Seventeen HBE Colorado Corporation operated the Antler's Adam's Mark hotel in Colorado Springs. The company corrected the cited conditions and paid the full $9,000 penalty without filing a timely contest, then later asked for a refund. It argued that it had not operated the hotel at the time…

April 24, 2000 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Procedural
ALJ

Mac Construction

Fall-protection case settled for $1,100

Mac Construction performed construction work in Wisconsin. OSHA cited the company for inadequate jobsite inspections, insufficient safety training, employees working more than 25 feet above a lower surface without fall protection, and employees using aerial lifts without personal fall-arrest…

April 20, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Settled
ALJ

Corna/Kokosing Construction Co., Inc.

Brief open scaffold gate violated fall rule

Corna/Kokosing Construction worked on a middle-school construction project in Ohio. Two employees unloaded materials from a forklift pallet onto a scaffold about 28 feet above the ground. After the pallet was removed, a five-foot gate remained open for several seconds while the employees used…

April 19, 2000 ·Ann Z. Cook
Citations affirmed
ALJ

American Tower, LLC

Oral disagreement did not preserve contest rights

American Tower had erected a radio tower for the Township of Verona, New Jersey. After an OSHA inspection prompted by an injury complaint, the company received a citation alleging serious violations. Its owner orally disagreed with the citation and later said he believed he had contested it, but no…

April 19, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Boh Brothers Construction Co., L.L.C.

Unbalanced pipe lift violations affirmed

Boh Brothers was a heavy-construction contractor building a power plant in Alabama. A crew lifted six steel pipes weighing about 12,000 pounds in an unbalanced basket hitch, and the foreman approached and tried to guide the suspended load by hand. Pipes shifted, and the load crushed the foreman…

April 17, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

FPC, Inc., and its successors

Unguarded balcony violation affirmed

FPC was the general contractor constructing an apartment complex in Houston. OSHA observed upper-floor balconies without guardrails and an employee clearing trash from a second-floor balcony without other fall protection. FPC disputed that any employee worked near the edge and said trash was…

April 17, 2000 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Citations affirmed
ALJ

RNC, Inc.

Companion-case stipulation yields split result

OSHA cited RNC, Inc. after investigating a workplace fatality. RNC and the Secretary stipulated that the outcome of the related Summit Habitats, Inc. case would control RNC's citation. After deciding the companion case, the judge applied that result to RNC. Citation Item 1 was vacated, while Items…

April 17, 2000 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Mixed result
COMM

Dakota Underground, Inc.

Water-accumulation item remanded after court ruling

Dakota Underground performed excavation work in Fargo, North Dakota. The administrative law judge had affirmed willful violations involving trench egress, accumulated water, and cave-in protection, while vacating a competent-person inspection item. The Eighth Circuit affirmed the Commission's final…

April 14, 2000
Remanded
ALJ

Cleveland Steel Container Corp.

Challenge to settlement withdrawn

OSHA inspected Cleveland Steel Container's Illinois facility and issued a citation and proposed penalty. The company and OSHA then signed an informal settlement agreement resolving the citation. Cleveland Steel Container soon sought to rescind the agreement and filed a notice of contest, leading to…

April 12, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
COMM

Superior Rigging & Erecting Co.

Commission affirms lifeline item and remands competing fall-protection charges

Superior Rigging was installing elevator sill angles in a 24-story office building in Montgomery, Alabama when a foreman fell down an elevator shaft. The Commission held that installing the nonstructural sill angles was not steel erection work covered by OSHA's temporary stay of the Subpart M…

April 5, 2000
Remanded
ALJ

Ben Shepherd dba Happy Candy Co.

Housekeeping and electrical violations affirmed against an absent cotton candy maker

Ben Shepherd ran Happy Candy Co., a small cotton candy production business in Secor, Illinois. After an OSHA complaint inspection, OSHA issued two citations covering a dirty production area and a series of electrical hazards, plus a lack of protective clothing. Shepherd contested the citations but…

April 3, 2000 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Summit Habitats, Inc.

Floor-cover violations affirmed, training item vacated after a fatal fall

Summit Habitats was a Colorado home builder. During construction of a custom home in December 1998, a two foot by three foot opening in the main floor was covered with a stapled plastic sheet to hold heat in the basement. The next day a subcontractor's employee walked between the wall studs…

April 3, 2000 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Mixed result
ALJ

Homes by Bill Simms, Inc.

All seven items vacated because the builder did not control its subcontractors

Homes by Bill Simms was a residential general contractor in Springboro, Ohio, that built custom homes using subcontractors. During an August 1999 inspection of three of its home sites, OSHA saw subcontractor employees committing scaffold and fall protection violations and issued Simms a seven-item…

March 27, 2000 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations vacated
ALJ

LeTourneau, Inc., and its successors

Deck-opening violations vacated for lack of employer knowledge after a fatal fall

LeTourneau built ships at Sabine Pass, Texas, including a Gorilla V jack-up offshore oil rig. In September 1998, a LeTourneau engineer, Paul Dew, fell about 90 feet to his death from an unguarded derrick platform while inspecting the area for upcoming piping work. OSHA cited LeTourneau for two…

March 24, 2000 ·James H. Barkley
Citations vacated
COMM

Kerns Brothers Tree Service

Hard-hat citation vacated because employer knowledge was not proven

Kerns Brothers Tree Service was cited after a three-person tree-trimming crew leader was fatally struck by a falling section of tree while none of the crew members wore hard hats. The hard-hat rule applied, and the crew leader counted as a supervisor because he directed the work and could order…

March 16, 2000
Citations vacated
ALJ

Champion Environmental Services, Inc.

Settlement approved, ending a contested construction citation

Champion Environmental Services was cited after OSHA inspected one of its construction work sites. The serious citation alleged two violations of the construction standard at 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1101. Champion contested, and the case was set for an E-Z Trial in Chicago. At the December 1999 hearing…

March 6, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Settled
ALJ

Reliable Roofing, Inc.

Settlement approved on five construction-safety items

Reliable Roofing contested a serious citation issued after OSHA inspected one of its construction worksites. The citation alleged five electrical, ladder, and training violations, and the case was assigned to the Commission's E-Z Trial procedure. The parties reached a written settlement just before…

March 6, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Settled
ALJ

Eagle Food Centers, Inc.

Forklift-horn citation vacated because the Secretary did not prove vision was obstructed

Eagle Food Centers ran a large food distribution warehouse in Milan, Illinois. In January 1998 a pallet jack operator was struck and killed by a highlift when the two vehicles met at an automatic plastic door between the freezer department and the loading dock. OSHA cited Eagle under the…

March 6, 2000 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations vacated
ALJ

Quinn & Kwolek, Inc.

Citation affirmed after the employer ignored discovery orders

Quinn & Kwolek did not answer the Secretary's interrogatories, document requests, or requests for admission by the required deadline. It then failed to comply with Judge G. Marvin Bober's order compelling discovery and offered no explanation. Finding a pattern of disregard for the proceeding, the…

March 2, 2000 ·G. Marvin Bober
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Quad Manufacturing Corp.

Failure-to-abate case settled for $6,000 over 24 months

Quad Manufacturing operated a Wisconsin machine shop where an OSHA follow-up inspection found chain slings without readable identification, missing sling-inspection records, and improperly labeled chemical containers. The proposed failure-to-abate penalties totaled $60,000, while Quad still owed…

February 28, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Settled
ALJ

New Age International

Scaffold violations affirmed with reduced penalties totaling $825

New Age International performed masonry and stucco work at a San Antonio U-Haul project where two workers used an incompletely planked rolling scaffold without proper access or full guardrails. New Age argued that the workers belonged to an independent subcontractor, but Judge Stanley M. Schwartz…

February 28, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Modified
ALJ

Montana Power Company

Roof-edge violation affirmed with penalty reduced to $1,000

Montana Power was upgrading electrical service at a Missoula motel when an employee worked on the roof about 22 feet above the ground without a lanyard, guardrail, or safety net. The company argued that working from its aerial-lift basket was infeasible because the motel's weather heads faced…

February 28, 2000 ·James H. Barkley
Modified
COMM

Northwest Conduit Corp.

Dismissal vacated so the citation can be heard on its merits

Northwest Conduit filed its notice contesting an OSHA citation one day late, but an ALJ granted relief from the resulting final order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b). The Secretary initially refused to file a complaint, and the judge dismissed the citation, but the Commission later…

February 24, 2000
Remanded
COMM

O'Brien Concrete Pumping, Inc.

Hopper training and machine-guarding violations affirmed

O'Brien Concrete Pumping operated trucks with rotating auger blades inside concrete hoppers, and one operator was fatally crushed by the blades after a concrete pour. The company had removed bolts securing the heavy hopper grate so operators could raise it while cleaning and repositioning the…

February 16, 2000
Modified
ALJ

Eagle Boats, Inc.

Fourth abatement-extension request denied for lack of good faith

Eagle Boats sought a fourth extension of the deadline to correct violations that had become final in 1998 and later produced $66,000 in failure-to-abate penalties. The company repeatedly said a new facility was being built, but at the hearing it offered only photographs of an empty field…

February 10, 2000 ·Nancy J. Spies
Procedural
ALJ

Otis Elevator, Inc.

Elevator-platform fall violation reduced from repeated to serious

Four Otis Elevator employees, including the Montana territory manager, rode an unguarded elevator platform at a hotel project without tying off, exposing them to a fall of as much as 112 feet. Otis had detailed fall-protection rules, training, audits, and progressive discipline, but all four…

February 9, 2000 ·James H. Barkley
Modified
ALJ

30 River Court East Construction Corp.

Fall citation vacated because OSHA did not identify the worker's employer

OSHA observed a worker near the open perimeter of the 27th floor of a Jersey City high-rise without fall protection and cited the general contractor, 30 River Court East Construction. The compliance officer believed the worker was installing winter-protection plastic, work performed by the…

February 7, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Citations vacated
ALJ

Accu-Rate Roofing Co.

Four roofing safety items affirmed for a $1,200 penalty

OSHA observed an Accu-Rate Roofing employee shingling a steep roof about 13 feet above the ground without fall protection. The access ladder was not tied off, did not extend three feet above the roof edge, and left the employee without a secure handhold when stepping onto the roof. The employee…

February 7, 2000 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Citations affirmed
COMM

MEI Holdings, Inc. d/b/a Martin Electronics, Inc.

DOD contract does not preempt OSHA safety rules

MEI manufactured explosives and pyrotechnic devices under a Defense Department contract at its Perry, Florida plant. After a fire in a small wooden production building killed two employees and severely burned another, OSHA cited fire, exit, personal-protective-equipment, training, and…

January 21, 2000
Citations affirmed
ALJ

L & D Construction

Late contest excused and citation vacated because the owner had no employees

OSHA cited L & D Construction after seeing two people working without fall protection on a pitched roof at a volunteer renovation project in Yonkers, New York. The notice of contest was filed months after the 15-working-day deadline because L & D's owner relied on the building owner, who repeatedly…

January 20, 2000 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Moniger Excavating, Inc.

Trench protection and ladder items vacated for lack of employee exposure

OSHA cited Moniger Excavating after finding a narrow trench about 4.5 to 5.5 feet deep with vertical walls, no protective system, and no nearby ladder. No employee was inside the trench during the inspection, and the company explained that its force-main sewer pipe was assembled and measured from…

December 13, 1999 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations vacated
ALJ

Russell B. Le Frois Builder, Inc.

Citation vacated after Secretary declined to file complaint

The Commission remanded Russell B. Le Frois Builder's case for further proceedings. Chief Judge Irving Sommer then ordered the Secretary of Labor to file a complaint within twenty days. The Secretary declined to do so, and the judge vacated the May 14, 1998 citation in its entirety.

December 13, 1999 ·Irving Sommer
Citations vacated
COMM

Lumex Medical Products, Inc.

Failure-to-abate notice dismissed because the presses were never cited

Lumex settled an earlier power-press case covering two cited presses and separately agreed to a correction schedule for 57 additional presses. After a reinspection, OSHA issued a $178,500 failure-to-abate notice for 12 of the additional presses. The Commission held that the settlement did not amend…

December 9, 1999
Procedural
COMM

Montgomery KONE, Inc. and Parsons Brinckerhoff Construction Services, Inc.

Elevator pit held to be a confined space

Montgomery KONE employees were modernizing a hydraulic freight elevator at a Philadelphia postal facility when a welding arc ignited flammable vapors in the elevator pit, causing an explosion that injured two workers. The vapors came from primer and cement used to assemble a 70-foot PVC liner and…

December 9, 1999
Modified
ALJ

Hi-Tech Builders, Inc.

Willful steel-erection fall violations affirmed for $60,000

Hi-Tech Builders erected structural steel at the Guam International Airport while employees repeatedly worked without tying off and without temporary floors or nets below them. OSHA videotaped the conduct from a public parking lot, and Judge Nancy J. Spies rejected Hi-Tech's challenge because the…

December 8, 1999 ·Nancy J. Spies
Modified
ALJ

Exterior Insulation & Stucco, Inc.

Citations affirmed after incomplete discovery responses

Exterior Insulation & Stucco did not answer the Secretary's discovery requests until a judge ordered it to do so. Its eventual responses omitted witnesses, financial information, and the factual basis for its denials, and repeatedly promised information later instead of providing it. Chief Judge…

December 2, 1999 ·Irving Sommer
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.