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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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COMM

Danis Shook Joint Venture, XXV

Basin-hazard training and PPE violations affirmed

Danis Shook was building wastewater equalization basins where accumulated water was held above a 42-inch drain by a plywood plug. A pipefitter foreman entered the water without protective equipment, the plug dislodged, and the draining water pulled him into the pipe, where he drowned. The…

August 2, 2001
Citations affirmed
COMM

S & G Packaging Company, L.L.C.

Bag-machine guarding violation affirmed

S&G employees adjusted a paper bag machine's paste knob and nozzle while working near two unguarded drive rollers. An employee's hair became entangled in the rollers, causing a severe scalp injury that required several surgeries. The Commission held that the injury established an actual…

August 2, 2001
Citations affirmed
COMM

Don Davis, d/b/a Davis Ditching & Davis Ditching, Inc.

Trench citations vacated for lack of employees

Don Davis contracted to install utility lines at a Colorado industrial park, where OSHA observed three people working around an unprotected trench. Two were unpaid brothers of the property developer who helped when they chose, and the third was a self-employed truck driver hired and paid by the…

July 30, 2001
Citations vacated
ALJ

Mica Corporation, and its successors

Power-line crane citations affirmed after a fatal electrocution

Mica Corporation was moving concrete traffic barriers along Interstate 35 near Hillsboro, Texas, using a leased crane. The crane cable came within a few inches of a 14,400 volt overhead power line and made contact. Two workers, the leased crane operator and a Mica foreman, were electrocuted and…

July 23, 2001 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations affirmed
COMM

North Landing Line Construction Co.

Willful high-voltage substation violation affirmed

North Landing Line was modifying a switch carrying up to 34,500 volts at a Navy electrical substation. Its job superintendent and a backhoe operator held a steel bracket near energized parts, and the operator contacted an energized insulator, suffered electrical and thermal burns, and later died…

July 20, 2001
Citations affirmed
ALJ

RWS Building Company

Citation vacated after the government failed to appear at the hearing

OSHA inspected an RWS Building Company construction site in Columbus, Ohio, and issued a four-item citation for alleged construction safety violations. RWS contested and a hearing was set for June 4, 2001. The employer's counsel appeared, but no one from the Secretary of Labor's side showed up…

July 19, 2001 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Procedural
COMM

Union Tank Car Company

Recordkeeping items withdrawn, exposure-record violation left in place

Union Tank Car employees cleaning railcars that had carried electrode binder developed skin and respiratory symptoms, and company monitoring found exposure above OSHA's permissible limit. The judge found that Union Tank Car willfully withheld employee exposure-monitoring records despite repeated…

July 17, 2001
Mixed result
ALJ

Midwest Generation, LLC, and its successors

Sling and hoist violations affirmed, other items vacated

Midwest employees helped a contractor hoist 25-foot wooden I-joists inside a power plant using a pneumatic winch and nylon sling. A joist slipped from the sling, fell down the hoist bay, and struck and killed the employee signaling the winch operator. The judge affirmed three sling violations…

July 16, 2001 ·James H. Barkley
Mixed result
ALJ

North Atlantic Fish Company, Inc.

Broad fish-plant safety violations affirmed

OSHA's safety and health inspections of North Atlantic's Massachusetts fish-processing plant identified extensive fire, machine, electrical, chemical, respiratory, noise, storage, and powered-industrial-truck hazards. The judge affirmed most of the serious items, including general duty violations…

July 9, 2001 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Mixed result
ALJ

Coastal Petroleum Services, Inc.

Remote-site first-aid violation affirmed

A Coastal well-servicing rig overturned at a remote Mississippi oil well, killing one crew member and seriously injuring another. The judge vacated a general duty allegation concerning the mast's guylines and anchors because OSHA did not produce the manufacturer's specifications for the particular…

July 2, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Mixed result
ALJ

Reflections Tower Service, Inc.

Three violations affirmed and two vacated after a tower-dismantling inspection

Reflections Tower Service dismantled a communications tower in Ohio, where an employee lost two fingers after his glove was caught in hoist equipment. OSHA cited the company under the general duty clause and several construction standards. The judge vacated the general duty clause item because OSHA…

July 2, 2001 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Mixed result
ALJ

Bigge Crane and Rigging Company, and its successors

Roof-edge fall protection violation affirmed

Bigge Crane and Rigging performed construction work at Travis Air Force Base in California. An OSHA compliance officer observed a Bigge foreman standing near the unprotected edge of a 25-foot-high commissary roof without fall protection. The judge credited the compliance officer's account over the…

June 28, 2001 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations affirmed
COMM

R & J Crane Service, Inc.

Penalty dispute remanded for further proceedings

R & J Crane Service withdrew its notice contesting a serious citation, and the administrative law judge affirmed an $875 proposed penalty. The company later requested relief, asserting that an OSHA attorney had said the citation was being withdrawn after the company withdrew its contest. The…

June 19, 2001
Remanded
ALJ

Formica Corporation

A laminate-plant pit was not a permit-required confined space, so all three citations were vacated

Formica Corporation makes surfacing products like tabletops, flooring, and sheeting at a plant in Evendale, Ohio. After a formal complaint, OSHA inspected the facility and cited Formica for three violations tied to a pit beneath adjustable collating tables, where employees stepped down about twice…

June 18, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations vacated
COMM

Williams Gas Pipeline/South Central

Case remanded to resolve the respondent's identity

An administrative law judge approved a settlement involving two amended general duty clause items and a $13,950 penalty. The named respondent then asked the Commission to change the case caption from Williams Gas Pipeline/South Central to Texas Gas Transmission Corporation, which it said was the…

June 18, 2001
Remanded
ALJ

Marcella Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, Cinnaminson Nursing Center, Geriatric & Medical Services

Bloodborne-pathogen citations vacated

OSHA cited three related New Jersey nursing facilities for using traditional syringes rather than safety syringes, and cited Marcella for the location of containers used to discard disposable razors. The judge found that OSHA's prior guidance did not give the facilities fair notice that safety…

June 18, 2001 ·Irving Sommer
Citations vacated
COMM

Miller Electric Company, Inc.

Electrical case remanded after testimony was misunderstood

Miller Electric received three serious electrical citations after a journeyman electrician was electrocuted while connecting a light fixture to an energized circuit. The administrative law judge affirmed two items and rejected the company's employee-misconduct defense. The Commission found that the…

June 8, 2001
Remanded
ALJ

Guerrero Masonry, Inc., and its successors

A notice of contest filed 20 months late was dismissed, so the citations became final

Guerrero Masonry, Inc. was inspected by OSHA and received two citations in November 1998, a serious citation with a proposed penalty of $16,800 and a non-serious citation with a proposed penalty of $300. Employers have 15 working days to contest citations, and the paperwork Guerrero received said…

June 4, 2001 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Procedural
COMM

Dore & Associates Contracting, Inc.

Late notice of contest remanded for evidence on excusable neglect

Dore & Associates filed its notice contesting OSHA citations after the statutory 15-working-day deadline. The judge dismissed the late contest and affirmed $8,400 in proposed penalties because Dore had not established grounds for relief from the final order. In its review petition, the company said…

May 25, 2001
Remanded
ALJ

BSE Industrial Contractors, Inc.

Fall-protection citation vacated for lack of knowledge, but inadequate fall training affirmed

BSE Industrial Contractors is a steel erection contractor. OSHA investigated after an ironworker on a BSE crew fell 40 feet and died while climbing a rain-slicked noise baffle inside a smoke stack at a USX steel plant in Fairfield, Alabama. OSHA issued three items: working on an elevated surface…

May 25, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Mixed result
COMM

Nordam Group

Eye-protection violation affirmed after citation amendment

Nordam manufactured and repaired aerospace products at a Tulsa facility where employees ground fiberglass parts. OSHA originally alleged that the company failed to provide side shields or goggles, while the judge found that several employees wore no eye protection at all. The Commission allowed…

May 18, 2001
Citations affirmed
COMM

Superior Rigging & Erecting Co.

Settlement approved with $68,600 total penalty

Superior Rigging & Erecting and the Secretary settled the remaining issues in a case involving fall protection during elevator-shaft work. The agreement retained an affirmed item, resolved a scaffold-guardrail item under 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4), dismissed an alternative allegation under 29…

May 15, 2001
Settled
COMM

Cody-Zeigler, Inc.

Consensual inspections and mixed citation rulings affirmed

Cody-Zeigler faced citations arising from five programmed inspections at construction projects in Ohio. Although company representatives consented when OSHA arrived, the contractor later argued that the frequency of inspections showed a lack of administrative probable cause. The Commission held…

May 9, 2001
Mixed result
ALJ

Williams Brothers Construction, Inc.

Uncovered floor holes citation affirmed despite a multi-employer defense

Williams Brothers Construction was doing interior demolition at a university library in Charleston, Illinois, and also served as the project's coordinating contractor. OSHA cited it with an other-than-serious violation, no penalty proposed, for a cluster of uncovered floor holes on the second floor…

May 7, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

M & M Roofing, Inc.

A willful residential fall-protection citation cut to serious after a bench trial

M & M Roofing is a residential roofing contractor. OSHA inspected a Mason, Ohio jobsite in August 2000 and issued two citations: a serious citation for not having a program of frequent, regular jobsite inspections by a competent person, and a willful citation for not protecting workers from falls…

May 7, 2001 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Modified
ALJ

Valley Electric Company of Mount Vernon, and its successors

Electrical-panel guarding citation vacated

Valley Electric performed electrical remodeling work at Whidbey Island Naval Air Station in Washington. OSHA cited three energized distribution panels because cardboard flaps covered them instead of permanent metal covers. The judge found that screwed-in dead fronts prevented accidental contact…

May 7, 2001 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations vacated
ALJ

C-Post

Willful lockout and guarding citations cut to serious after a small fence-post maker's amputation injury

C-Post is a small Montana company that makes wooden fence posts and furniture legs from logs, employing about 10 people. After a worker's left hand was severed in a doweler machine, OSHA inspected and issued a long list of serious, willful, repeat, and other-than-serious citations covering…

May 7, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Modified
COMM

Fiore Construction Co., Inc.

Willful trench violation affirmed with reduced penalty

Fiore Construction had two employees working in an eight-foot-deep utility trench without a trench box, shoring, or adequate sloping. The foreman had extensive excavation experience, had completed OSHA excavation training, and admitted knowing that cave-in protection was required under the…

May 1, 2001
Modified
ALJ

Cashiola Construction

Late notice of contest dismissed

Cashiola Construction received an OSHA citation and proposed penalty on November 9, 2000, making December 1 the deadline to contest. OSHA did not receive the company's contest until January 22, 2001, when the company asserted that it was not the proper party. The company did not respond to the…

April 30, 2001 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Airloc, Inc.

A window maker's late contest of failure-to-abate penalties was dismissed

Airloc, Inc. is a small aluminum window, door, and awning maker in Youngstown, Ohio. In June 2000 it received a notification that it had failed to abate two power-press hazards, one for unguarded foot pedals and one for missing periodic inspections, with $3,000 in additional penalties proposed. The…

April 30, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Procedural
ALJ

Stolle Products A Division of American Trim

Settlement approved after an acid-tank burn injury, $9,200 penalty

Stolle Products, a division of American Trim, runs a metal finishing plant in Sidney, Ohio. After an employee burned his legs in an acid tank in April 2000, OSHA inspected the anodizing department and issued serious and other-than-serious citations. Stolle contested them, and a hearing was held…

April 30, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Settled
COMM

ABF Freight System, Inc.

Trailer wheel-blocking citation withdrawn

OSHA cited ABF Freight for loading and unloading uncoupled trailers without wheel blocks at its Houston terminal. The administrative law judge rejected the company's argument that modern spring-powered parking brakes made wheel chocks unnecessary and affirmed the serious item with a $3,150 penalty…

April 27, 2001
Citations vacated
ALJ

Aggrecon Concrete, Inc., and its successors

Late contest dismissed after the owner signed for the citation but never opened it

Aggrecon Concrete installed sewer and water lines at a project in Donna, Texas. OSHA inspected the site and mailed citations by certified mail, which the company president signed for on May 19, 2000. The company did not file its contest until August 24, 2000, well past the 15-day deadline, so the…

April 26, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Procedural
COMM

Precision Concrete Construction

Concrete-bucket citation vacated for lack of employer knowledge

A Precision Concrete employee was killed when a 347-pound concrete bucket fell approximately 30 feet during a parking-deck pour. The Commission held that the standard barring employees from working under buckets while they are elevated or lowered applied even though the bucket was moving both…

April 25, 2001
Citations vacated
ALJ

Quality Builders, Inc.

Late notice of contest dismissed, citations become final

OSHA inspected a Quality Builders work site and issued two citations with penalties, which the company received by certified mail on September 12, 2000. Under the OSH Act an employer has 15 working days to file a written notice of contest, and here that deadline passed on October 3, 2000 with…

April 19, 2001 ·Irving Sommer
Procedural
ALJ

Bredshall Plastering, Inc.

Unguarded table saw and missing scaffold guardrail affirmed, infeasibility and greater-hazard defenses rejected

Bredshall Plastering is a small Ohio contractor doing exterior insulation and stucco work. During work on a historical society office addition in Wilmington, an OSHA officer driving by saw a foreman on scaffolding without fall protection and stopped to inspect. OSHA issued a serious citation for an…

April 19, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cooper/T. Smith Stevedoring Company, Inc.

Forklift attachment items vacated and settled items affirmed

Cooper/T. Smith operated forklifts with paper-roll and bale-clamp attachments at a Memphis marine terminal. OSHA alleged that the company needed prior manufacturer approval and revised forklift data plates for those attachments. The judge found that proper front-end attachments within the…

April 19, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
COMM

Field & Associates, Inc.

Commission affirms the fall-protection citation but throws out the material-storage citation for lack of exposure

Field & Associates is a roofing contractor. In August 1997, two of its employees were distributing bundles of shingles along the peak of a new church roof in Tipp City, Ohio, with no fall protection when two OSHA compliance officers passing by stopped to inspect. OSHA issued five serious citation…

April 17, 2001
Mixed result
ALJ

Performance Site Management

Cave-in citation affirmed after a fatal trench accident, safety-program and training items vacated

Performance Site Management is a site-development contractor that was installing sewer lines for a housing project in Cleves, Ohio. A trackhoe bucket, attached with a quick-coupler hitch, came loose and fell into an excavation, fatally injuring a worker who was inside. After a fatality…

April 9, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Mixed result
COMM

Capform, Inc.

Commission affirms a training violation after a fatal form-stripping accident

Capform is a concrete-form contractor that was building a research facility at a Dallas medical center. Its crews strip out the wood-and-jack shoring that supports each poured concrete floor, an operation the company itself treats as hazardous. On the day of the accident, a foreman borrowed three…

March 26, 2001
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Saugus Construction Corporation

Fall-protection citation vacated because OSHA never proved the beam was too low to guard the edge

Saugus Construction Corp. is a steel erection contractor that was working on the Central Artery Tunnel Project in Boston. During a February 2000 inspection, an OSHA compliance officer saw a Saugus welder leaning across a horizontal steel beam with his head over an excavation roughly 18 to 20 feet…

March 22, 2001 ·G. Marvin Bober
Citations vacated
ALJ

Stevens Construction Corp.

Roofing citation vacated, fall-protection plan supervision violation affirmed

Stevens Construction was installing roof trusses and sheathing on a wood-frame apartment project in Racine, Wisconsin. OSHA cited the company for unprotected residential roofing work and for failing to place its alternative fall-protection plan under a competent person's supervision. The judge…

March 19, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
ALJ

George J. Igel & Co., Inc.

Eye-protection item vacated, compressed-air and dump-body support violations affirmed

George J. Igel & Co. was performing construction site development work in Columbus, Ohio. OSHA cited the company after a mechanic used 160 psi compressed air to clean a truck's backup alarm without approved safety glasses while the dump body was raised without its locking support. The judge vacated…

March 19, 2001 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Mixed result
ALJ

Emerson Electric Company, Motor Division

Recordkeeping citations affirmed for not logging two work-related illnesses

Emerson Electric's Motor Division makes household-appliance motors at a plant in Oxford, Mississippi. After a complaint, OSHA inspected the facility and issued an "other than serious" recordkeeping citation, alleging Emerson failed to enter certain work-related illnesses on its OSHA 200…

March 19, 2001 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Selkirk, Inc., a Division of U.S. Industries, Inc. and Sheet Metal Workers' International Association, Local Union # 456, Authorized Employee Representative

Willful machine-guarding violation affirmed after repeated notice of roller hazard

Selkirk fabricated metal pipe at its Logan, Ohio, plant using a Lown roller that created exposed in-running rolls when operated in reverse. An employee's glove was caught in the unguarded rollers in July 1999, crushing his hand, causing the partial amputation of a finger, and damaging two other…

March 19, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Kellogg, Brown & Root

Electrical citation vacated because host company controlled the maintenance crew and equipment

Kellogg, Brown & Root supplied maintenance employees to an Occidental Chemical plant in Ingleside, Texas. During a turnaround, a temporary electrical helper opened an unlocked energized switchgear cabinet and was shocked and severely injured. OSHA cited KBR for failing to keep an enclosure…

March 8, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Citations vacated
COMM

Northwest Airlines, Inc.

Union objections to final settlement order referred to the judge for Rule 60(b) review

An airline workers' union objected to an ALJ order approving a settlement between OSHA and Northwest Airlines. The union said it had requested party status but was not notified of the settlement or given an opportunity to participate before approval. Because the ALJ's settlement order had already…

March 5, 2001
Remanded
ALJ

Talon Erectors, Inc.

Serious construction citation affirmed after employer failed to attend hearing

OSHA inspected Talon Erectors' construction site in Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, and issued a citation alleging a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.704(a). The order does not describe the cited physical condition. Talon timely contested the citation but did not attend the hearing despite certified…

February 21, 2001 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Elgin Roofing Company

Five roof fall-protection violations affirmed as serious, skylight item vacated

OSHA inspected an Elgin Roofing worksite where employees were working on roofs 16 to 20 feet above grade. The judge affirmed violations involving a missing warning-line access path, tools stored near a roof edge without guardrails, unprotected work in a hoist area, roofing near an unprotected edge…

February 20, 2001 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Mixed result
ALJ

Rapid Masonry Company, and its successors

Scaffold access and fall-protection violations affirmed, penalties reduced to $600

Rapid Masonry employees were cutting and laying masonry block from scaffolding at a Lewisville, Texas, construction site. An OSHA officer saw one employee climb scaffold cross braces instead of using a ladder about 50 feet away and saw another employee working beside an open scaffold edge about 18…

February 20, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Watkins Engineers & Constructors, Inc.

General contractor's scaffold citations vacated because the scaffold was being taken down

Watkins Engineers & Constructors was the general contractor building its own office in Tallahassee, Florida. A glass subcontractor's crew was up on a scaffold near a corner of the finished building when an OSHA compliance officer inspected. OSHA cited Watkins, the general contractor, for three…

February 12, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
ALJ

Brand Scaffold Builders, Inc.

Fall-protection citation vacated on employee-misconduct defense

Brand Scaffold Builders was erecting and modifying scaffolding at an International Paper mill in Mobile, Alabama. Two employees crossed loose boards spanning between a tank and a building about 54 feet above the ground without guardrails or personal fall protection. The judge found that Brand…

February 5, 2001 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations vacated
COMM

Trinity Industries, and its successors

Lockout and welding-lead citation items withdrawn and vacated

The ALJ had affirmed three citation items at Trinity Industries' Beaumont, Texas, rail-car and structural-steel plant. They involved a missing annual lockout audit certification, failure to lock or tag a crane breaker during electrical troubleshooting, and a welding lead with damaged insulation…

February 2, 2001
Citations vacated
ALJ

Beverly Enterprises-Alabama, Inc.

Unlabeled circuit breakers upheld as a repeat violation, penalty cut to $100

Beverly Enterprises runs a nursing home in Fairhope, Alabama. During an OSHA inspection of its maintenance shop, the compliance officer found the circuit breakers in the panel box were not labeled to show what each one controlled. OSHA cited the company under the electrical standard requiring…

January 29, 2001 ·Nancy J. Spies
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Commercial Newspaper Service, and its successors

Admitted safety violations affirmed, penalties reduced to $460

Commercial Newspaper Service published athletic posters at a small Meridian, Idaho, facility. The company withdrew its contest to violations involving emergency exit lighting, flammable-liquid and combustible storage, lockout procedures, electrical equipment and wiring, and injury-recordkeeping…

January 29, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Modified
ALJ

Jalco, Inc., and its successors

Three trench-safety citations upheld as violations but each downgraded in severity

Jalco is a utility contractor that was installing a 42-inch water line in Edinburg, Texas. OSHA inspected the trench work and issued three excavation citations: the trench box did not extend 18 inches above the vertical trench wall, the trench floor was dug too far below the bottom of the box, and…

January 22, 2001 ·James H. Barkley
Modified
ALJ

B & R Wholesale Tire Co.

Truss bracing, competent inspection, and forklift platform violations affirmed

B & R Wholesale Tire was building a roofed addition between two company buildings in Youngstown, Ohio, when a group of 80-foot wood trusses collapsed and one worker sustained a minor injury. The judge found that the trusses lacked sufficient temporary and ground bracing and that some bracing was…

January 22, 2001 ·G. Marvin Bober
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Idaho Trout Processors, Co.

Hatchery guardrail and processing-machine items vacated, lockout item affirmed

Idaho Trout Processors operated a trout hatchery and a nearby fish-processing plant in Buhl, Idaho. OSHA cited unguarded catwalks over fish runs, but the judge found the hatchery was a separate agricultural establishment and that the general-industry walking-surface standard did not apply. He also…

January 17, 2001 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
ALJ

Nu-Waay Enterprises, Inc.

Safety-program, first-aid, and fall-protection citations affirmed after a 24-foot fall

Nu-Waay Enterprises is a small construction company that built an elevated walkway and observation platform at a national wildlife refuge in Mississippi. While a crew was removing the formwork under the finished platform, a stuck I-beam broke loose, catapulting a worker who fell about 24 feet and…

January 12, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

R.P. Industries, Inc.

Heavy-equipment seat-belt and inoperable-horn violations affirmed

R.P. Industries was clearing and grading a construction site in Florence, Alabama, using scrapers and other heavy equipment. A scraper operator who was not wearing a seat belt was ejected during a traffic-avoidance maneuver and sustained multiple fractures, a punctured lung, and other injuries…

January 1, 2001 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.