Are a Morgan Stanley financing affiliate's purchases, leases, and maintenance contracts for a New York City office building -- entered as the disclosed agent of the New York City Industrial Development Agency (IDA) -- exempt from sales and use tax?

Subject

Whether the purchase, lease, installation and entering into of contracts for the maintenance, servicing and repair of Improvements and Project Facilities by MS Financing, as agent for and on behalf of the IDA, are exempt from Sales and Use Taxes by virtue of the IDA's statutory exemption from tax; and whether related lease payments in the chain from the IDA to MS Financing, from MS Financing back to the IDA, and from the IDA to Morgan Stanley & Co. and its affiliates, are similarly exempt.

What this means for you

Morgan Stanley's financing affiliate, MS Financing, bought an office building at 1585 Broadway in Manhattan that Morgan Stanley and several of its affiliates would occupy, alongside space Morgan Stanley already leased at other City locations. To capture City sales-tax incentives for keeping Morgan Stanley's offices in New York, the New York City Industrial Development Agency (IDA) took title to condominium units in the building, financed improvements and equipment purchases with IDA bonds, and leased everything back down a chain -- IDA to MS Financing, MS Financing sub-leasing to the IDA, and the IDA sub-subleasing to Morgan Stanley & Co. and its affiliates. Along the way, MS Financing -- acting as the IDA's disclosed AGENT -- would purchase, install, and arrange maintenance/repair/service contracts for the building's improvements and equipment at both the new building and Morgan Stanley's other City locations.

Applying the same reasoning the Department applied earlier the same year in an April 28, 1993 advisory opinion for Prudential Securities, and following the same 1992 Wegmans court decision, the opinion holds that MS Financing's purchases, leases, and maintenance/repair/service contracts entered as the IDA's agent are exempt from sales and use tax -- as long as the IDA is genuinely the owner, lessor, or lessee of the property, and every purchase invoice, contract, and lease names the IDA as purchaser/lessor/lessee with MS Financing disclosed as its agent. The same limit applies as in the Prudential opinion: parts, materials, or supplies that get consumed in the day-to-day operation of the equipment (needing replacement every time they're used up) stay taxable no matter who buys them, and if a single maintenance invoice mixes exempt structural/equipment maintenance with non-exempt consumable-replacement charges, the WHOLE invoice is taxable unless the two are separately stated or reasonably allocated. Finally, the lease payments flowing through the entire chain -- IDA to MS Financing, MS Financing back to the IDA, and the IDA to Morgan Stanley & Co. and its affiliates -- are all exempt under the IDA's own statutory tax exemption.

Q&A

Q: Our financing affiliate buys and installs equipment as the disclosed agent of an IDA -- is that exempt from sales and use tax?
A: Yes, per this opinion, as long as the IDA genuinely owns, leases, or holds a leasehold/license interest in the property, and every invoice, contract, and lease names the IDA as the actual purchaser/lessor/lessee with the affiliate disclosed as its agent.

Q: Are our maintenance contracts on that IDA-owned equipment fully exempt?
A: Not entirely, per this opinion -- repair and parts-replacement on equipment with a useful life of a year or more is exempt, but parts/materials/supplies consumed in daily operation (needing replacement every time they're used up) stay taxable, and a combined invoice covering both is taxable in full unless the exempt portion is separately stated or reasonably allocated.

Q: Are the lease payments flowing between the IDA and our various affiliates in this structure taxable?
A: No, per this opinion -- all lease payments in the chain (IDA to the financing affiliate, financing affiliate back to the IDA, and IDA to the operating affiliates) are exempt by virtue of the IDA's own statutory tax exemption.

Q: This opinion follows an earlier Prudential Securities opinion issued the same year -- can we rely on that opinion, or this one, for our own IDA deal?
A: No. Each is an advisory opinion binding the Department only as to the petitioner it was issued to and the facts described; another taxpayer cannot rely on either one, though together they show a consistent Department approach to IDA agent-purchase structures following the Wegmans precedent.

Citations

• Tax Law §§ 1105, 1107, 1109, 1110 -- impose New York State, New York City, and Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District sales and compensating use tax.
• Tax Law § 1116(a)(1) -- exempts the State and its agencies, instrumentalities, and public corporations (including industrial development agencies) as purchaser, user, or consumer.
• General Municipal Law § 874 -- exempts an industrial development agency's property, bonds, and activities from taxation.
• Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y. (Sup. Ct., Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.) and 126 Misc. 2d 144, aff'd 115 A.D.2d 962, lv. to app. den. 67 N.Y.2d 606 -- held the § 874 IDA exemption covers property the IDA genuinely owns as project security, but not a private operator's ordinary day-to-day business/operating expenses.
• Prudential Securities, Incorporated, Adv. Op. Comm. T&F, April 28, 1993, TSB-A-93(68)S -- applied the same Wegmans-based analysis to another company's IDA agent-purchase and maintenance-contract structure earlier the same year.

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/sales_ao_1993.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/sales/a93_69s.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993

Taxpayer Services Division
Technical Services Bureau

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. S931129B

On November 29, 1993 a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from Morgan Stanley
Group Inc., 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York.
The issues raised by Petitioner, Morgan Stanley Group Inc., are:
1.
Whether the purchase, lease, installation and entering into of contracts for the
maintenance, servicing and repair of Improvements and Project Facilities by MS Financing, as agent
for and on behalf of the IDA, are exempt from Sales and Use Taxes by virtue of the IDA's statutory
exemption from tax.
2.
Whether payments under the leases of Project Facilities from the IDA to MS
Financing, from MS Financing back to the IDA and from the IDA to MS & Co. and the Eligible
Affiliates, are exempt from Sales and Use Taxes by virtue of the IDA's statutory exemption from tax.
Petitioner has requested this Advisory Opinion on behalf of its subsidiaries, Morgan Stanley
& Co. Incorporated (hereafter MS & Co.), MS Financing Inc. (hereafter MS Financing), and Morgan
Stanley Trust Company, Morgan Stanley Realty Incorporated and Morgan Stanley Asset
Management Inc. (the latter three entities, hereafter, the Eligible Affiliates) with respect to the
application of New York State and New York City Sales and Compensating Use Taxes to the
purchase, lease, installation and/or maintenance of certain eligible property under the circumstances
described below.
To induce Petitioner and its affiliated entities to maintain their offices in the City of New
York (the "City"), the City has proposed to extend, and the City and Petitioner have entered into an
understanding with regard to, certain benefits including Sales and Compensating Use Tax benefits
(as more fully described herein, the "Project"). This ruling request, as noted above, relates only to
the Sales and Compensating Use Tax benefits offered by the City.
MS Financing has recently purchased a building at 1585 Broadway, New York, New York
(the "Building"). Petitioner, MS Financing, MS & Co. and the Eligible Affiliates will occupy
portions of the Building for various of their operations. MS & Co. also leases space at various other
locations throughout the City (collectively, and together with any space in the City that MS & Co.
may hereafter lease, the "Other Locations").
For regulatory reasons, MS Financing (rather than MS & Co. or the Eligible Affiliates)
currently purchases, leases, installs, and enters into maintenance, service and repair contracts with
respect to, as applicable, (i) leasehold improvements to the Other Locations, and (ii) machinery,
equipment, furnishings and other items of personal property for use by MS & Co. and the Eligible

-2­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
Affiliates in the Other Locations. Currently, MS Financing leases such leasehold improvements and
personalty to MS & Co. and the Eligible Affiliates pursuant to the terms of an operating lease or
leases.
In order to make available the benefits offered by the City, the City and the New York City
Industrial Development Agency ("IDA") have proposed the following structure:
o
MS Financing will condominiumize the Building and will convey to the IDA title
to (more specifically, a fee on limitation in) all of the condominium units in the Building other than
units leased to parties unrelated to the Morgan Stanley entities. From time to time during the twenty
years of the Project, MS Financing may convey additional condominium units in the Building to the
IDA. In addition, from time to time title to certain of the condominium units held by the IDA may
be re-conveyed by the IDA to MS Financing (the IDA-held units, as the same may be increased or
reduced from time to time, the "IDA-Held Space").
o
The IDA will issue bonds from time to time, presently contemplated to be purchased
by Petitioner or by an affiliate of Petitioner, to finance the cost of purchasing, leasing, installing,
maintaining, servicing and repairing, by MS Financing, the following, all as agent for the IDA: (i)
improvements that will be permanently affixed to the Building (such improvements, together with
any replacements, enhancements and additions thereto, collectively, the "Improvements"); (ii)
improvements in and to the Building that are in the nature of personal property and that would be
subject to Sales and Use Tax, were it not for the IDA's involvement in the Project and statutory
exemption from tax; and (iii) machinery, equipment, and other items of personal property, whether
used in the Building or in any of the Other Locations (the improvements described in the preceding
clause (ii) and the items of personal property described in this clause (iii), together with any
replacements, enhancements and additions thereto, hereinafter are collectively referred to as the
"Project Facilities").
o
The IDA will lease the IDA-Held Space to MS Financing pursuant to the terms of
a financing lease (this lease from the IDA to MS Financing is hereafter referred to as the "Financing
Lease"). The IDA will also hold title to, or a leasehold or license interest in, the Improvements and
the Project Facilities and will lease the same to MS financing pursuant to the terms of the Financing
Lease. Rents paid by MS Financing to the IDA under the Financing Lease will be in an amount equal
to principal and interest on the bonds, i.e., in an amount sufficient to repay the bonds.
o
MS Financing will sublease the Project Facilities to the IDA, and, lastly, the IDA will
sub-sublease the Project Facilities to MS & Co. and the Eligible Affiliates pursuant to an operating
lease for a fair market value rental. Additional Eligible Affiliates may be added as parties to the
operating lease from time to time. Rents paid by MS & Co. and the Eligible Affiliates to the IDA
under the operating lease will be assigned by the IDA to MS Financing.
o
A project agreement and guaranty among the IDA, MS & Co., Petitioner and MS
Financing will provide that, during the twenty years of the Project, MS Financing will purchase or
lease Improvements and Project Facilities and may enter into contracts for maintenance, repair and
service of Improvements and Project Facilities, all as agent for the IDA.

-3­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
o
At the conclusion of the Project (in twenty years), the bonds will mature and be paid
off, the Financing Lease (and the other IDA leases) will terminate, title to the Project Facilities will
be reconveyed to MS Financing, and title to the IDA-Held Space together with all Improvements will
revert to MS Financing.
Section 1105 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
Imposition of sales tax. - ... there is hereby imposed and there shall be paid a tax of
four percent upon:
(a) The receipts from every retail sale of tangible personal property, except as
otherwise provided in this article.
*

*

*

(c) The receipts from every sale, exempt for resale, of the following services:
(3) Installing tangible personal property ... or maintaining, servicing or repairing
tangible personal property ... not held for sale in the regular course of business,
whether or not the services are performed directly ... or by any other means, and
whether or not any tangible personal property is transferred in conjunction therewith
...
(5) maintaining, servicing or repairing real property, property or land, as such terms
are defined in the real property tax law, whether the services are performed in or
outside of a building, as distinguished from adding to or improving such real
property, property or land, by a capital improvement as such term ... is defined in
paragraph 9 of subdivision (b) of section eleven hundred one of this chapter ...
Section 1107 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) General. On the first day of the first month following the month in which a
municipal assistance corporation is created under article ten of the public authorities
law for a city of one million or more, in addition to the taxes imposed by sections
eleven hundred five and eleven hundred ten, there is hereby imposed .... within the
territorial limits of such city, and there shall be paid, additional taxes, at the rate of
four percent, which except as provided in subdivision (b) of this section, shall be
identical to the taxes imposed by sections eleven hundred five and eleven hundred
ten. Such sections and the other sections of this article, including the definition and
exemption provisions, shall apply for purposes of the taxes imposed by this section
in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if the language of those
sections had been incorporated in full into this section and had expressly referred to
the taxes imposed by this section.
Section 1109 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) General.

In addition to the taxes imposed by sections eleven hundred five and

-4­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
eleven hundred ten of this article, there is hereby imposed within ... the metropolitan
commuter transportation district ... and there shall be paid, additional taxes, at the
rate of one-quarter of one percent, which shall be identical to the taxes imposed by
sections eleven hundred five and eleven hundred ten of this article ...
Section 1110 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
Except to the extent that property or services have already been or will be subject to
the sales tax under this article, there is hereby imposed on every person a use tax for
the use within this state (A) ..., of any tangible personal property purchased at retail,
(B) of any tangible personal property manufactured, processed or assembled by the
user, (i) if items of the same kind of tangible personal property are offered for sale
by him in the regular course of business or (ii) if items are used as such or
incorporated into a structure, building or real property by a contractor, subcontractor,
or repairman in erecting structures or buildings, or building on, or otherwise adding
to, altering, improving, maintaining, servicing, or repairing real property, property
or land, as the terms real property, property or land are defined in the real property
tax law, if items of the same kind are not offered for sale as such by such contractor,
subcontractor or repairman or other user in the regular course of business, (C) of any
of the services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of section eleven
hundred five, and (D) of any tangible personal property not acquired for purposes of
resale, upon which any of the services described under paragraphs (2) and (3) of
subdivision (c) of section eleven hundred five have been performed ...
Section 1116 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) ... any sale ... by or to any of the following, or any use ... by any of the following
shall not be subject to the sales and compensating use taxes imposed under this
article: (1) The State of New York, or any of its agencies, instrumentalities, public
corporations ... or political subdivisions where it is the purchaser, user or consumer,
or where it is a vendor of services or property of a kind not ordinarily sold by private
persons ...
Section 529.2(a) of the New York State Sales and Use Tax Regulations provides, in relevant
part:
(2) A public corporation as used in this section means any corporation created by an
act of the Legislature for a public purpose ...
Example:

... Industrial Development Agencies are public
corporations and may purchase tangible personal
property exempt from the sales and use taxes.

-5­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
Section 541.3(a) of the Sales and Use Tax Regulations provides, in relevant part:
" ... When a contractor's customer is a governmental entity described in section
ll16(a)(1) ... of the Tax Law, the contract signed by the government representative
and the prime contractor is sufficient proof of the exempt status of purchases made
for such contract.
(1)

Such governmental entities include:
(i) ... (c) industrial development authorities ..."

Section 874 of the General Municipal Law provides, in relevant part:
Tax exemptions
(1) It is hereby determined that the creation of the agency and the carrying out of its
corporate purposes is in all respects for the benefit of the people of the state of New
York and is a public purpose, and the agency shall be regarded as performing a
governmental function in the exercise of the powers conferred upon it by this title
and shall be required to pay no taxes or assessments upon any of the property
acquired by it or under its jurisdiction or control or supervision or upon its activities.
(2) Any bonds or notes issued pursuant to this title, together with the income
therefrom, as well as the property of the agency, shall be exempt from taxation,
except for transfer and estate taxes.
Section 917-a of the General Municipal Law establishes the New York City Industrial
Development Agency as an industrial development agency in general having the powers of industrial
development agencies under Article 18-A of the General Municipal Law.
In Wegmans Food Market, Inc. v. The Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of
N.Y., (Sup. Ct., Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.) the issues presented concerned
generally the scope and applicability of the tax exemption established by section 874 of the General
Municipal Law and more specifically, whether that tax exemption applied to operational expenses
incurred by plaintiff in the day-to-day operation of several projects in western New York State
developed as its supermarkets. Those markets were constructed and equipped under agreements
made with various municipal industrial development agencies pursuant to Article 18-A of the
General Municipal Law, and accordingly their construction was financed by industrial development
bonds (IDBs) issued by the various local industrial development agencies. The projects were
technically owned by the respective agencies as security for the bonds, but were under "lease back"
arrangements with the plaintiff. In an earlier action, Wagmans Food Markets v. Department of Tax
& Finance of the State of N.Y., 126 Misc. 2d 144, aff'd 115 AD2d 962, iv. to app. den. 67 NY2d
606, the section 874 tax exemption was held to be broader than the exemption provided by Section
1116 of the Tax Law.

-6­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
The court in its January 10, 1992, opinion stated in part:
The IDAs are not authorized to engage in supermarket businesses, or any
other businesses per se. Their functions are limited to the acquisition, construction,
reconstruction, leasing, improving, maintaining, equipping, and furnishing of projects
as security for the repayment of industrial development bonds, in the nature of a
mortgage. Although there is a project lease arrangement between an IDA and the
private developer it is a financing lease with the "rent" paid thereunder consisting
only of amortized costs and expenses related to the project financing and the IDBs.
The IDAs do not pay the costs of utilities or other operational expenses; nor do the
leases suggest that the "rent" has been adjusted so as to account for the developer's
payment of operational expenses. The lease is simply a financing tool, designed to
secure tax-exempt IDBs, which are part of an overall plan befitting, financially, the
private developer and IDB purchasers. Of course, if IDAs are not authorized to
operate a business then it would have no authority to designate agents to do that
which they could not do themselves.
Although some of the numerous expenses listed by plaintiff in their complaint
may be exempt (such as expenses necessary to preserve or repair project property),
not all of the claimed expenses would be exempt. Many of these expenses bear no
relationship to the purchase, repair or replacement of project property per se but
instead represent costs of supermarket business operations ...
Because all the expenses involved in this action do not have the same
relationship to the IDA's ownership of the project and authorized functions under the
financing scheme, the expenses must be individually examined to determine what,
if any, relationship each bears to the authorized and lawful functions of an IDA,
particularly the "maintenance" function. The exemption shall be applicable only to
those expenses properly within such function and authority. In this regard, it should
be noted that tax-exempt maintenance would be that needed to maintain the structural
integrity of the structures constructed or rehabilitated to house the various
supermarkets, or to repair equipment used as part of the project.
The use of utilities and washing of windows and other such operating
expenses have nothing to do with the underlying financing scheme and should not be
tax-exempt under the law. If one business is able to operate indefinitely without
paying taxes on its operating expenses simply because at one time its structures were
financed with IDBs, that business would have an apparently unintended, open-ended
economic advantage over competitors, thereby flying in the face of the fundamental
purpose of the law-- i.e., the development of economically sound commerce.
This decision is not inconsistent with Wegmans (supra), where the tax
exemption of section 874 was held applicable to the purchase of tangible personal
property acquired and owned by the IDA, as security for the IDBs. Ownership of

-7­
TSB-A-93 (69) S
Sales Tax
December 16, 1993
property, real and personal--as distinguished from operation of the business - - was
clearly within the express, contemplated function and authority of IDAs under the
GML.
In accordance with the sections of law and regulations cited above and the decisions in
Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. The Department of Taxation and Finance (126 Misc. 2d 144, aff'd
115 AD2d 962, lv. to app. den. 67 NY2d 606) and Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. The Department
of Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y., (Sup. Ct., Monroe County, 3an. 10, 1992, Galloway,
3.) supra, and provided that all the terms and conditions of the relevant documents are complied
with, in the instant matter receipts from purchases made by MS Financing as agent for and on behalf
of the IDA whether made as a purchase or lease of tangible property or a purchase of a service of
maintaining, repairing or servicing the Improvements and Project Facilities will be exempt from the
taxes imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law, provided that the IDA is
the owner, lessor or lessee of the property and that the purchase invoices, statements and contracts
with vendors and suppliers provide that the IDA is the purchaser, lessor or lessee and that MS
Financing is the disclosed agent of the IDA. However, in any instance where the maintenance, repair
or servicing results in the replacement of parts, materials or supplies that are consumed in the daily
ongoing operation of equipment, etc., where such parts, materials or supplies must be replaced
whenever consumed, the portion of the charges applicable to such parts, materials or supplies will
be subject to the tax imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law as indicated
in Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. The Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y.
(Sup. Ct., Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, 3.) supra, Prudential Securities, Incorporated,
Adv. 0p. Comm. T&F, April 28, 1993.
However, it is noted that in any transaction where the charges are for maintenance services,
in addition to exempt maintenance services, the total charges will be subject to the tax imposed
under Sections 1105(c)(3) or (5) of the Tax Law unless the charges applicable to the exempt
maintenance services are separately stated from the other charges or otherwise reasonably allocated.
Prudential Securities, Incorporated. Adv. Op. Comm. T&F, April 28, 1993.
Payments under the leases of Project Facilities from the IDA to MS Financing, from MS
Financing back to the IDA and from the IDA to MS & Co. and the Eligible Affiliates, are not subject
to sales or compensating use tax by virtue of the IDA's statutory exemption from tax.

DATED: December 16, 1993

/s/
PAUL B. COBURN
Deputy Director
Taxpayer Services Division

NOTE: The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions
are limited to the facts set forth therein.