In a New York City Industrial Development Agency (IDA) sale-leaseback financing arrangement, are a company's affiliated 'Group Agents' purchases, lease payments, and buyout payments to the IDA exempt from sales and use tax, no matter which affiliate actually pays the vendor or how bond proceeds are routed?

Subject

Issues raised by Petitioner, Prudential Securities Incorporated, are whether amounts paid by any affiliated "Group Agent" to make purchases/leases on behalf of Prudential and the IDA, related inter-affiliate cost allocations and reimbursements, debt service payments to the IDA, option-exercise purchase prices, and a premature-removal penalty, are exempt from New York State, New York City, and Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District sales and use tax.

What this means for you

To keep Prudential Securities and its affiliates headquartered in New York City, the City arranged sales-tax benefits through the New York City Industrial Development Agency (IDA) covering two buildings (One New York Plaza and Seaport Plaza). Through a chain of conveyances, overleases, and subleases, the IDA takes nominal title to the space Prudential occupies, while Prudential and various of its affiliates ("Group Agents") act as the IDA's AGENT to purchase or lease equipment and improvements and to enter maintenance contracts, financed by IDA bonds. Because the Prudential Group's internal bookkeeping sometimes has one affiliate pay a vendor directly for another affiliate's benefit, or settle the cost later through intercompany reimbursement, Prudential asked whether tax exemption survives no matter which affiliate physically pays and no matter how bond proceeds are routed (directly to vendors, through the Bond Trustee, or as later reimbursement).

Following the same-year Wegmans court decision, which read an IDA's own statutory tax exemption to cover property the IDA genuinely owns or leases (but not a private operator's ordinary business expenses), the opinion holds that all of these purchases, leases, and inter-affiliate cost-sharing payments stay exempt -- the payment mechanics don't matter, AS LONG AS the IDA is truly the owner/lessor/lessee throughout and every purchase invoice, contract, and lease names the IDA as the actual purchaser/lessor/lessee with the paying Group Agent disclosed as its agent. Maintenance-contract charges for repairing or replacing parts on equipment with a useful life of a year or more are exempt on the same theory, but parts/materials/supplies that are simply consumed in day-to-day operation (the kind that need replacing every time they're used up) stay taxable regardless of who buys them -- and if one maintenance invoice bundles both exempt and non-exempt charges together, the WHOLE invoice is taxable unless the exempt portion is separately stated or reasonably allocated. Debt service payments the Group Agent makes to the IDA are not taxable at all. And when Prudential later buys the property outright -- exercising either purchase option for a nominal $1, or paying a "premature removal penalty" to take equipment out early -- those payments to the IDA are exempt too, since the IDA's own statutory exemption reaches all its "revenues," not just its initial acquisitions.

Q&A

Q: In an IDA sale-leaseback, does it matter which of our corporate affiliates actually pays the vendor, or whether bond proceeds go straight to the vendor versus through a trustee?
A: No, per this opinion -- the payment mechanism doesn't affect the exemption, as long as the IDA remains the true owner/lessor/lessee and all invoices/contracts disclose that the paying affiliate is acting as the IDA's agent.

Q: Are our maintenance-contract charges on IDA-owned equipment exempt?
A: Only the portion covering genuine repair or replacement of parts on equipment with a year-plus useful life, per this opinion (following the Wegmans precedent) -- consumable parts/materials/supplies replaced whenever used up stay taxable, and a combined invoice that doesn't separately state the two is taxable in full.

Q: Are the debt-service payments we make to the IDA to cover the bonds taxable?
A: No, per this opinion.

Q: When we exercise our purchase option or pay a penalty to remove equipment early, is that payment to the IDA taxable?
A: No, per this opinion -- all such consideration paid to the IDA is exempt from sales and use tax.

Q: Can another company relying on an IDA financing structure use this opinion directly?
A: No. This advisory opinion binds the Department only as to the petitioner and the facts described here; another taxpayer cannot rely on it, though the same-year Wegmans precedent it applies is a matter of public record.

Citations

• Tax Law §§ 1105, 1107, 1109, 1110 -- impose New York State, New York City, and Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District sales and compensating use tax.
• Tax Law § 1116(a)(1) -- exempts the State and its agencies, instrumentalities, and public corporations (including industrial development agencies) as purchaser, user, or consumer.
• General Municipal Law § 874 -- exempts an industrial development agency's property, bonds, and activities from taxation.
• General Municipal Law § 854(7) -- defines an IDA's "revenues" broadly to include all rents, fees, charges, and other income from the leasing, sale, or disposition of a project.
• Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y. (Sup. Ct., Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.) and 126 Misc. 2d 144, aff'd 115 A.D.2d 962, lv. to app. den. 67 N.Y.2d 606 -- held the § 874 IDA exemption covers property the IDA genuinely owns as project security, but not a private operator's ordinary day-to-day business/operating expenses.

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/sales_ao_1993.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/sales/a93_68s.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Taxpayer Services Division
Technical Services Bureau

TSB-A-93 (68) S
Sales Tax
April 28, 1993

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. S930112A

On January 12, 1993 a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from Prudential Securities
Incorporated, 1 New York Plaza, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10292.
The issues raised by Petitioner, Prudential Securities Incorporated, are:
(1) Whether all amounts paid by any Group Agent to make Acquisitions on
behalf of Prudential and/or members of the Prudential Group as agent for the IDA
pursuant to the Sales Tax Letter as well as all payments from other members of the
Prudential Group to the Group Agent which payments represent allocations of costs
and all reimbursements from one Group Agent to another where an Acquisition has
been made on the reimbursing entity's behalf will be exempt from the imposition of
New York State, New York City and the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation
District Sales and Compensating Use Taxes (hereinafter referred to as the sales and
use taxes) imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law (i)
whether payments are made directly to vendors by any Group Agent, for its own
account or on behalf of another Group Agent, (ii) even if one Group Agent pays
vendors directly and a different Group Agent receives reimbursement from Bond
proceeds, or (iii) whether Bond proceeds are forwarded to the vendors through the
Bond Trustee.
(2) Whether Debt Service Payments made to the IDA by the Group Agent will
be subject to the sales and compensating use taxes imposed under Sections 1105,
1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law.
(3) Whether at the time that Option 1 or Option 2 is exercised, sales tax will
be imposed only on the Option 1 Price or the Option 2 Price, respectively.
(4) Whether, if, at any time, a Premature Removal Penalty is imposed on
Prudential by the IDA, such Premature Removal Penalty shall not be deemed to be
consideration for a sale subject to the sales and compensating use taxes imposed
under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law and, in such instances,
whether the sales and use taxes will be imposed only on the purchase price of $1.00.
This advisory opinion is being requested in connection with a proposed transaction between
the New York City Industrial Development Agency (hereinafter referred to as the "IDA"), and
Prudential Securities Group, Inc. ("PSGI") and/or Prudential Securities Incorporated ("PSI")
(together, "Prudential"), which is being entered into to induce Prudential and its affiliates in the
securities business to retain their offices in New York City for approximately twenty years. As a part

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of the transaction, Prudential and certain of its affiliates will be occupying space in the buildings
known as One New York Plaza, New York, New York and 199 Water Street, also known as Seaport
Plaza (each, a "Building", and collectively, the "Buildings"). One New York Plaza is currently owned
by The Chase Manhattan Bank, National Association ("Chase") and Seaport Plaza is currently owned
by Resnick Water Street Development Co. ("Resnick"). As of the closing date, Prudential Securities
Incorporated will be an approximately 66% partner in a partnership that in turn owns a limited
partnership interest that carries the right to approximately 15% of the current profits and losses of
Resnick and 13% of any residuary value. For purposes of this petition, Chase and Resnick each will
be referred to herein as a "Current Owner".
As part of the proposed transaction, the IDA, pursuant to an agreement between New York
City (the "City") or the IDA and Prudential, will extend tax benefits to reduce Prudential's costs of
operation and maintaining its offices in the City, and help finance the cost of equipment (the
"Equipment") and improvements (the, "Improvements"). Among these benefits is the arrangement
for sales tax exemptions for Prudential and certain of its eligible affiliates as defined in the Sales Tax
Benefits Agreement (the "Prudential Group") pursuant to a Sales Tax Benefits Agreement, as well
as a real estate tax abatement on the premises to be occupied by the Prudential Group, with the
agreement that certain payments in lieu of real estate taxes ("PILOT Payments") will be made to the
IDA with respect to such premises. In connection with this arrangement, the IDA will take nominal
title to the real property to be occupied by the Prudential Group. As of the commencement of the
transaction, the Prudential Group will occupy in excess of nine hundred thousand rentable square
feet in One New York Plaza and in excess of four hundred thousand rentable square feet in Seaport
Plaza. Prudential also will have the option to lease additional square footage in each of the Buildings
during the term of the transaction. Because the IDA will take title only to those portions of the
Buildings occupied by the Prudential Group, it is necessary to create separate real estate tax parcels,
the title to which can be conveyed to the IDA. Such separate real estate tax parcels will be created
through the use of the condominium form of ownership. Accordingly, (i) the space initially to be
occupied by the Prudential Group will consist of condominium units which will be conveyed by the
respective Current Owner to the IDA, and (ii) the space to be occupied by the Prudential Group
pursuant to its expansion options will consist of condominium units which may be conveyed from
time to time by the respective Current Owner to the IDA at the time and to the extent Prudential
exercises such options (the units which are from time to time owned by the IDA are herein referred
to as the "IDA Units").
The proposed structure with respect to each building will be implemented as follows:
(i) The Building will be converted into a condominium;
(ii) The Current Owner will convey title, for a nominal amount, to the IDA of the initial units
comprising the IDA Units, possibly subject to an existing mortgage on the Building. The deed to the
IDA of the initial IDA Units (the "Initial Deed") will contain reverters to the Current Owner upon
the expiration of, or earlier termination of, the IDA Lease referred to below, or upon certain other
events;

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(iii) The IDA will then enter into an overlease with the Current Owner for nominal rent (the
"Overlease"), pursuant to which the IDA will lease the IDA Units back to the Current Owner;
(iv) The Current Owner will enter into a sublease with Prudential (the "Prime Lease") for a
fair market value rent, pursuant to which the Current Owner will lease to Prudential the premises
comprising the IDA Units for use by Prudential Securities Incorporated;
(v) Prudential Securities Incorporated will then enter into a sub-sublease with the IDA for
nominal rent, pursuant to which Prudential Securities Incorporated will sub-sublet the IDA Units to
the IDA;
(vi) The IDA will then enter into a sub-sub-sublease, pursuant to which the IDA will sub-sub­
sublet the IDA Units including the Improvements in the IDA Units to PSI, PSGI, and/or Prudential
Mutual Fund Management, Inc. ("PMFMI") (the "IDA Lease");
(vii) Prudential Securities Group Inc. and the IDA will enter into a PILOT Agreement,
pursuant to which Prudential Securities Group Inc. will make PILOT Payments to a banking
institution designated by the IDA as the PILOT Trustee. The PILOT Agreement may be secured by
(a) a PILOT Mortgage on the Building, which if granted, will be granted to the IDA by the Current
Owner or (b) a letter of credit or other equivalent instrument benefitting the PILOT Trustee;
(viii) The IDA also will enter into an equipment lease with Prudential and/or the Prudential
Group pursuant to which the IDA will lease the Equipment to Prudential and/or the Prudential Group
(the "Equipment Lease");
(ix) The IDA and a banking institution designated by the IDA (the "Bond Trustee") will enter
into a trust indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time by the IDA of its special
obligation revenue bonds (the "Bonds") to finance the costs of the Improvements to be made from
time to time and the Equipment to be purchased, leased or otherwise acquired from time to time;
(x) The Bonds may be sold to a member of the Prudential Group or to some other Prudential
affiliate, in which event the Bond purchaser may borrow money to purchase the Bonds from another
member of the Prudential Group; or the Bonds may be purchased by or resold to unrelated third
parties; and
(xi) Prudential, the Current Owner and the IDA will each enter into additional agreements,
which Petitioner indicates do not contravene or alter any of the facts material to this Advisory
Opinion.
The Overlease for Seaport Plaza will require Resnick to make PILOT Payments due from
Prudential to the PILOT Trustee in the event Prudential fails to make such payments under the
PILOT Agreement. In addition, each 0verlease will contemplate the potential for additional units to
be conveyed to the IDA in connection with Prudential's expansion options, and will include such
IDA Units upon the conveyance thereof to the IDA.

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The Prime Lease will, among other things, require Prudential to (a) pay a fair market value
rent with respect to the IDA Units, (b) pay taxes imposed against the IDA Units, if any, and (c) in
the case of Seaport Plaza, reimburse Resnick for any PILOT Payments Resnick is required to make
under the Overlease as a result of Prudential's default under its PILOT Agreement with the IDA. The
Prime Lease also will contain various expansion options which, if exercised, may result in the
conveyance of additional unit(s) to the IDA. In the event such additional conveyances are required,
the deeds executed in connection therewith will grant the same type of interest and contain the same
reverters as the Initial Deed.
The Sales Tax Benefits Agreement (the "Agreement") provides that certain purchases and
payments in respect of the acquisition and lease of property, and the entering into of related
maintenance contracts (e.g. service contracts for replacing parts with respect to and repairing
Equipment, such as computer equipment, which Equipment has a useful life of one year or more but
not maintenance such as janitorial services) made in connection with the Prudential Project will be
exempt from New York State and New York City Sales and Use Tax. The Agreement contemplates
that benefits will be received by the Prudential Group over a period of 22 years and 3 months
(starting 10/14/92 and ending 12/31/14). During the first 4 year and 4 month period (the "Initial
Period"), any allocated sales tax benefits (a maximum of $15.1 million except to the extent
Prudential utilizes a portion of the ongoing $20 million dollar benefit as set forth in the next sentence
and as provided in the Agreement) which are not utilized will be forfeited. The remaining benefits
will be scheduled over the subsequent seventeen (17) years for a maximum sales tax benefit during
such seventeen (17) year period, of the lesser of approximately $20 million or the balance after
reduction for the benefits used as provided in the previous sentence which is subject to adjustment
as set forth in the Agreement. If in any given year after the Initial Period, the scheduled sales tax
benefit is not utilized, Prudential will be given a credit against the PILOT payments it otherwise
would be required to make.
In order to create the relationship needed to assure the sales tax exemption with respect to
the real property, Prudential and the IDA will enter into a number of "leases" pursuant to which the
IDA will sub-sublet the IDA Units from Prudential. Under the Agreement, Prudential and other
members of the Prudential Group will be authorized to act as an agent for the IDA in effecting
Improvements, making purchases or entering into leases and/or maintenance contracts in connection
with the Prudential Project and the Project Property as further described in the Agreement (referred
to collectively herein as the "Acquisitions") for the benefit of the Prudential Group ("Group Agent").
In accordance with the internal bookkeeping system of the Prudential Group, and as may be required
by certain vendors, under certain circumstances, one Group Agent (e.g., Prudential Securities Inc.)
may make an Acquisition on behalf of another Group Agent (e.g., Prudential Securities Group, Inc.).
When this occurs, the entity on whose behalf the Acquisition was made will either (1) pay the vendor
directly or (2) reimburse the entity that made the Acquisition and paid the vendor on its behalf. Any
such reimbursements will not constitute payments for the sale or use of property. Such Acquisitions
will be made in all respects in accordance with the Sales Tax Exemption Letter and with the
procedural requirements of Section 5 of the Agreement. The Improvements and the Equipment
acquired by the IDA then will be leased to the Group Agent for use by the Group Agent and other

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members of the Prudential Group. The Improvements and the Equipment will include not only the
original Improvements and Equipment but also replacements, enhancements and additions made
thereto from time to time over the 21 year Project term.
To finance the Acquisitions (exclusive of interest and payments for Maintenance Contracts
as hereinafter explained), the IDA will issue Bonds from time to time which, as stated above, may
be bought by a member of the Prudential Group, another Prudential affiliate and/or unrelated third
parties. The IDA Leases and the Equipment Lease will require Prudential to make payments equal
to the debt service on the Bonds issued by the IDA to finance the Equipment and the Improvements
leased thereunder and certain other costs incurred which do not relate to sales or use tax by the IDA
in connection with the Prudential Project (the "Debt Service Payments"). Although all Bonds will
have a maturity of at least one year from their date of issuance, Bonds issued to finance Acquisitions
of Equipment may be prepayable as early as 364 days from their date of issuance. It is thus possible
that the Bonds issued in respect of an Acquisition will be repaid within approximately one year, even
though the Equipment or Improvements have a longer .life, and even though the cost of such
Acquisition has not yet been fully paid by the User, as described below. As required by the IDA,
Bond proceeds cannot be used to finance the payments under maintenance contracts or, to the extent
that the IDA (through its agent, a member of the Prudential Group) enters into any leases of
equipment or other tangible capital property, the portion of any payment of rent not otherwise
attributable to the deemed "principal portion" of rental payments due under these leases. Petitioner
indicates that it is the intention of Petitioner and the IDA that payments with respect to all such
maintenance contracts, as well as all payments of rent with respect to leases of Project Property
(inclusive of any portion thereof attributable to an interest factor), will be exempt from New York
State and New York City Sales and Use Tax.
It is the general practice of the Prudential Group that each member is responsible for its own
costs. The sharing of costs with respect to the Acquisitions generally will be handled as follows: the
member of the Prudential Group that is the user of the Improvements or Equipment (the "User") will
be responsible for paying its pro rata share of the cost thereof to the Group Agent. This charge will
accrue on the books of the User, generally on a monthly basis beginning when the Improvements or
Equipment are placed in service. From time to time, the User will make a payment to the appropriate
Group Agent to settle the intercompany charges described above. Although the Equipment will be
located in New York, there may be certain instances in which the Equipment will be utilized by
PSGI or any of its subsidiaries located outside of New York (e.g. employees of the California branch
office of PSI may have access to a computer which is part of Project Property located in New York).
Petitioner indicates that it is the intention of the IDA and Petitioner that Acquisitions with respect
to such Equipment and the payments relating to the usage described above will be exempt from New
York State and New York City Sales and Use Tax.
Except to the extent described above with respect to the interest factor of financing leases
and Maintenance, Contracts, Acquisitions generally will be financed through the Bonds. It is
anticipated that Bonds will be sold from time to time. Funds raised through the sale of Bonds will
either (i) be available to make payments for the Acquisitions when such payments are due, or (ii) be
paid to PSGI or another entity designated by Prudential as reimbursements for the cost of
Acquisitions. Bond proceeds that represent reimbursements for Acquisitions may not necessarily be

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passed on to the member of the Prudential Group on whose behalf an expenditure was incurred.
Petitioner indicates that it is the intention of Petitioner and the IDA that all amounts paid in respect
to Acquisitions (i) including Maintenance Contracts and interest on leased equipment or personal
property which cannot be funded through Bonds, (ii) to the extent that such Acquisitions (whether
paid for directly by the User or paid for by a Group Agent and subsequently settled by intercompany
reimbursements with another member of the Prudential Group) are funded through Bonds, whether
so funded in advance or arrears, and (iii) whether payments in respect of Acquisitions are made
directly by PSI, PSGI, other members of the Prudential Group or the Bond Trustee on behalf of PSI,
PSGI or other members of the Prudential Group, will be eligible to qualify for the sales and use tax
exemption.
Although various members of the Prudential Group will have the ability to act as the IDA's
agent in making Acquisitions, it is anticipated that, in general, PSI and/or PSGI generally will deal
directly with vendors on behalf of the Prudential Group and the IDA. For income tax and financial
reporting purposes, all members of the Prudential Group will report the Acquisitions in the manner
such Acquisitions would have been reported in the absence of the IDA leasing arrangement.
With respect to the IDA Leases and the Equipment Lease, it is anticipated that PSGI and PSI
will sign such leases with the IDA (although other members of the Prudential Group may also sign
such leases) and that PSI or PSGI, either for their own account or for the account of another member
of the Prudential Group with corresponding intercompany reimbursement, will make Debt Service
Payments to the IDA with respect to such leases (although PSGI will be the only entity legally
responsible for such financial obligation) with funds obtained through their own funding sources,
which may consist, among other things, of proceeds from a prior Bond issuance.
Pursuant to the Sales Tax Benefits Agreement, in general, no Project Property may be
removed from a PSI City Location (as defined in the Agreement) prior to the expiration of three
years after the installation or location of such Project Property at a PSI City Location (the "Retention
Period"). However, after the expiration of the Retention Period, such Project Property may be
purchased from the IDA by a Prudential entity exercising a purchase option (the "Option 1") for an
option price of $1.00 (the "Option 1 Price") and removed from the PSI City Location pursuant to
Section 11 of the Sales Tax Benefit Agreement.
In addition, at the end of the Project term (or sooner when the Bonds have been paid in full),
Project Property may be purchased from the IDA by a member of the Prudential Group who
exercises a purchase option (the "Option 2") under the Equipment Lease for an option price of $1.00
(the "Option 2 Price").
If Project Property is removed from a PSI City Location prior to the expiration of the
Retention Period without certain stated reasons for such removal (i.e., obsolescence, uselessness, or
another good faith reason) .... Prudential must pay the IDA an amount equal to the net present value
(Net present value is defined in the Sales Tax Benefits Agreement as meaning, as to a specified or
ascertainable dollar amount, (i) the future value, as of January 1, 1995, of any such amount if it shall
occur in a calendar year prior to 1995, using an inflation factor of 10% per annum, (ii) the nominal
value of any such amount if it shall occur in calendar year 1995, and (iii) the present value, as of

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January 1, 1995, of any such amount if it shall occur in calendar year 1996 or any later calendar year,
using a discount rate of 10% per annum; provided, however, that such amounts shall be deemed to
be received on January 1 of the applicable calendar year) of the sales tax which would have been
payable if such item had been purchased by Prudential in its own name on the date of such removal
at a purchase price equal to its then fair market value. Such payment will herein be referred to as the
"Premature Removal Penalty." Prudential will pay the IDA a purchase price of $1.00 in addition to
the Premature Removal Penalty.
Section 1101(b)(5) of the Tax Law defines "sale, selling or purchase" as: "Any transfer of
title or possession or both, exchange or barter, rental, lease or license to use or consume, conditional
or otherwise, in any manner or by any means whatsoever for a consideration, or any agreement
therefor, including the rendering of any service, taxable under this article, for a consideration or any
agreement therefor."
Section 1105 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
Imposition of sales tax. - ... there is hereby imposed and there shall be paid a tax of
four percent upon:
(a) The receipts from every retail sale of tangible personal property, except as
otherwise provided in this article.
*

*

*

(c) The receipts from every sale, except for resale, of the following services:
(3) Installing tangible personal property ... or maintaining, servicing or repairing
tangible personal property ... not held for sale in the regular course of business,
whether or not the services are performed directly ... or by any other means, and
whether or not any tangible personal property is transferred in conjunction therewith
...
(5) maintaining, servicing or repairing real property, property or land, as such terms
are defined in the real property tax law, whether the services are performed in or
outside of a building, as distinguished from adding to or improving such real
property, property or land, by a capital improvement as such term ... is defined in
paragraph 9 of subdivision (b) of section eleven hundred one of this chapter ....
Section 1107 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) General. On the first day of the first month following the month in which a
municipal assistance corporation is created under article ten of the public authorities
law for a city of one million or more, in addition to the taxes imposed by sections
eleven hundred five and eleven hundred ten, there is hereby imposed .... within the
territorial limits of such city, and there shall be paid, additional taxes, at the rate of
four percent, which except as provided in subdivision (b) of this section, shall be
identical to the taxes imposed by sections eleven hundred five and eleven hundred

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ten. Such sections and the other sections of this article, including the definition and
exemption provisions, shall apply for purposes of the taxes imposed by this section
in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if the language of those
sections had been incorporated in full into this section and had expressly referred to
the taxes imposed by this section.
Section 1109 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) General. In addition to the taxes imposed by sections eleven hundred five and
eleven hundred ten of this article, there is hereby imposed within ... the metropolitan
commuter transportation district ... and there shall be paid, additional taxes, at the
rate of one quarter of one percent, which shall be identical to the taxes imposed by
sections eleven hundred five and eleven hundred ten of this article ....
Section 1110 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
Except to the extent that property or services have already been or will be subject to
the sales tax under this article, there is hereby imposed on every person a use tax for
the use within this state ..., (A) of any tangible personal property purchased at retail,
(B) of any tangible personal property manufactured, processed or assembled by the
user, (i) if items of the same kind of tangible personal property are offered for sale
by him in the regular course of business or (ii) if items are used as such or
incorporated into a structure, building or real property by a contractor, subcontractor,
or repairman in erecting structures or buildings, or building on, or otherwise adding
to, altering, improving, maintaining, servicing, or repairing real property, property
or land, as the terms real property, property or land are defined in the real property
tax law, if items of the same kind are not offered for sale as such by such contractor,
subcontractor or repairman or other user in the regular course of business, (C) of any
of the services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of section eleven
hundred five, and (D) of any tangible personal property ... not acquired for purposes
of resale, upon which any of the services described under paragraphs (2) and (3) of
subdivision (c) of section eleven hundred five have been performed ....
Section 1116 of the Tax Law provides, in relevant part:
(a) ... any sale ... by or to any of the following or any use ... by any of the following
shall not be subject to the sales and compensating use taxes imposed under this
article:
(1) The State of New York, or any of its agencies, instrumentalities, public
corporations ... or political subdivisions where it is the purchaser, user or consumer,
or where it is a vendor of services or property of a kind not ordinarily sold by private
persons ....

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Section 529.2(a) of the New York State Sales and Use Tax Regulations provides, in relevant
part:
(2) A public corporation as used in this section means any corporation created by an
act of the Legislature for a public purpose ...
Example:

... Industrial Development Agencies are public
corporations and may purchase tangible personal
property exempt from the sales and use taxes.

Section 541.3(a) of the Sales and Use Tax Regulations provides, in relevant part:
" ... When a contractor's customer is a governmental entity described in section
ll16(a)(1) ... of the Tax Law, the contract signed by the government representative
and the prime contractor is sufficient proof of the exempt status of purchases made
for such contract.
(1) Such governmental entities include:
(i) ... (c) industrial development authorities .... "
Section 874 of the General Municipal Law provides, in relevant part:
Tax exemptions
(1) It is hereby determined that the creation of the agency and the carrying out of its
corporate purposes is in all respects for the benefit of the people of the state of New
York and is a public purpose, and the agency shall be regarded as performing a
governmental function in the exercise of the powers conferred upon it by this title
and shall be required to pay no taxes or assessments upon any of the property
acquired by it or under its jurisdiction or control or supervision or upon its activities.
(2) Any bonds or notes issued pursuant to this title, together with the income
therefrom, as well as the property of the agency, shall be exempt from taxation,
except for transfer and estate taxes.
Section 917-a of the General Municipal Law establishes the New York City Industrial
Development Agency as an industrial development agency in general having the powers of industrial
development agencies under Article 18-A of the General Municipal Law.
In Wegmans Food Market, Inc. v The Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of
N.Y., (Sup Ct, Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.) the issues presented concerned generally
the scope and applicability of the tax exemption established by section 874 of the General
Municipal_Law and more specifically, whether that tax exemption applied to operational expenses
incurred by plaintiff in the day-to-day operation of several projects in western New York State
developed as its supermarkets. Those markets were constructed and equipped under agreements
made with various municipal industrial development authorities pursuant to Article 18-A of the
General Municipal Law, and accordingly their construction was financed by industrial development

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bonds (IDBs) issued by the various local industrial development agencies. The projects were
technically owned by the respective agencies as security for the bonds, but were under "lease back"
arrangements with the plaintiff. In an earlier action, Wegmans Food Markets v Department of Tax
& Finance of the State of N.Y., 126 Misc 2d 144, affd 115 AD2d 962, iv to app den 67 NY2d 606,
the section 874 tax exemption was held to be broader than the exemption provided by Section 1116
of the Tax Law.
The court in its January 10, 1992, opinion stated in part:
The IDAs are not authorized to engage in supermarket businesses, or any
other businesses per se. Their functions are limited to the acquisition, construction,
reconstruction leasing, improving, maintaining, equipping, and furnishing of projects
as security for the repayment of industrial development bonds, in the nature of a
mortgage. Although there is a project lease arrangement between an IDA and the
private developer it is a financing lease with the "rent" paid thereunder consisting
only of amortized costs and expenses related to the project financing and the IDBs.
The IDAs do not pay the costs of utilities or other operational expenses; nor do the
leases suggest that the "rent" has been adjusted so as to account for the developer's
payment of operational expenses. The lease is simply a financing tool, designed to
secure tax-exempt IDBs, which are part of an overall plan benefitting, financially, the
private developer and IDB purchasers. Of course, if IDAs are not authorized to
operate a business then it would have no authority to designate agents to do that
which they could not do themselves.
Although some of the numerous expenses listed by plaintiff in their complaint
may be exempt (such as expenses necessary to preserve or repair project property),
not all of the claimed expense would be exempt. Many of these expenses bear no
relationship to the purchase, repair or replacement of project property per se but
instead represent costs of supermarket business operations ....
Because all the expenses involved in this action do not have the same
relationship to the IDA's ownership of the project and authorized functions under the
financing scheme, the expenses must be individually examined to determine what,
if any, relationship each bears to the authorized and lawful functions of an IDA,
particularly the "maintenance" function. The exemption shall be applicable only to
those expenses properly within such function and authority. In this regard, it should
be noted that tax-exempt maintenance would be that needed to maintain the structural
integrity of the structures constructed or rehabilitated to house the various
supermarkets, or to repair equipment used as part of the project.
The use of utilities and washing of windows and other such operating
expenses have nothing to do with the underlying financing scheme and should not be
tax-exempt under the law. If one business is able to operate indefinitely without
paying taxes on its operating expenses simply because at one time its structures were
financed with IDBs, that business would have an apparently unintended, open-ended

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economic advantage over competitors, thereby flying in the face of the fundamental
purpose of the law--i.e., the development of economically sound commerce.
This decision is not inconsistent with Wegmans (supra), where the tax
exemption of section 874 was held applicable to the purchase of tangible personal
property acquired and owned by the IDA, as security for the IDBs. Ownership of
property, real and personal--as distinguished from operation of the business -- was
clearly within the express, contemplated function and authority of IDAs under the
GML.
In accordance with the sections of law and regulations cited above and the decisions in
Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. v. Department of Taxation and Finance (126 Misc 2d 144, aff'd 115
AD2d 962, iv to app den 67 NY2d 606) and Wegmans Food Market, Inc. v The Department of
Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y., (Sup Ct, Monroe County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.)
supra, and provided that all the terms and conditions of the relevant documents are complied with,
in the instant matter all amounts paid by any Group Agent to make Acquisitions on behalf of
Prudential and/or members of the Prudential Group (pursuant to authorization in the Agreement) as
well as all payments to the Group Agent from other members of the Prudential Group representing
allocations of costs and/or representing reimbursement from one Group Agent to another Group
Agent where an Acquisition has been made on the reimbursing entity's behalf relative to the
Acquisitions where the Acquisitions consist of the purchase, lease or license to use of machinery,
equipment and certain other tangible personal property for use at the IDA Units or at other Prudential
facilities within New York City and/or the installation of improvements and renovations to the leased
premises, all of which comprise a part of the Project (including replacements, enhancements and
additions), whether purchased by the IDA for subsequent leasing or subleasing to the Group Agent
or purchased by the Group Agent for and on behalf of the IDA will be exempt from the sales and use
taxes imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law, provided that the IDA is
the owner or lessor of such property. The method of payment, whether made directly to vendors by
any Group Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of any other Group Agent, even if one Group Agent
pays vendors directly and a different Group Agent receives reimbursement from Bond proceeds or
if Bond proceeds are forwarded to the vendors through the Bond Trustee will not affect the tax
exempt status of the transactions involved, so long as purchase invoices, statements and contracts
with vendors or suppliers provide that the IDA is the purchaser, lessor or lessee and that Prudential
or the member of Prudential Group effecting the purchase or lease is the disclosed agent of the IDA.
In addition, payments made by the Group Agent under maintenance contracts as well as payments
to the Group Agent from other members of Prudential Group representing allocations of costs for
maintenance contracts, where the maintenance contracts provide for the replacement of parts, other
than parts that contain materials or substances that are consumed in the operation of the equipment,
(e.g., a toner cartridge) where such parts must be replaced whenever the substance is consumed, and
repair of or with respect to Equipment, which Equipment has a useful life of one year or more
("Exempt Maintenance Services"), will be exempt from the sales and use taxes imposed under
Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax Law since such contracts are necessary to maintain
or repair the IDA machinery and equipment used as part of the project as indicated in Wegmans
Food Market, Inc. v. The Department of Taxation and Finance of the State of N.Y. (Sup. Ct., Monroe
County, Jan. 10, 1992, Galloway, J.) supra.

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However, it is noted that in any transaction where the charges are for maintenance services,
in addition to Exempt Maintenance Services, the total charges will be subject to the tax imposed
under Sections 1105(c)(3) or (5) of the Tax Law unless the charges applicable to the Exempt
Maintenance Services are separately stated from the other charges or otherwise reasonably allocated.
Debt Service Payments by the Group Agent to the IDA will not be subject to sales and use
taxes imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 or 1110 of the Tax Law.
In Wegman's Food Markets v Department of Tax & Finance of the State of N.Y., 126 Misc
2d 144, aff'd 115 AD2d 962, iv to app den 67 NY2d 606, the Court stated, "The Legislature very
carefully included all revenues received by an IDA within the purposes of article 18-A. The
definition of "revenues" in subdivision (7) of Section 854 of the General Municipal Law is all
inclusive: "Ail rents, revenues, fees, charges and other sources of income derived by the agency from
the leasing, sale or other disposition of a project or projects."
Subdivision (4) of Section 854 of the General Municipal Law defines "Project[s]" as "any
land, any building[s] or other improvement, and all real and personal properties located within the
state of New York ... "
Accordingly, where Prudential elects to remove property from the IDA project through the
exercise of Option 1, Option 2 or by a premature removal of property subject to a Premature
Removal Penalty, the consideration given to the IDA by Prudential in any of these instances will be
exempt from the sales and use taxes imposed under Sections 1105, 1107, 1109 and 1110 of the Tax
Law.

DATED: April 28, 1993

/s/
PAUL B. COBURN
Deputy Director
Taxpayer Services Division

NOTE: The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions
are limited to the facts set forth therein.