Did bankruptcy-remote securitization subsidiaries owe Louisiana corporation income or franchise tax when they held loan pools that might include Louisiana-originated loans?

Plain-English summary

The securitization subsidiaries did not appear to owe Louisiana corporation income or franchise tax because they had no Louisiana-source taxable income and were not doing business, owning property, employing people, or registered in Louisiana.

Their affiliated manufacturer and finance company did have Louisiana nexus, but that did not automatically make the separate bankruptcy-remote subsidiaries taxable on the stated facts.

Securitization structure

The finance affiliate sold loan portfolios and their security interests to Delaware subsidiaries in true-sale transactions. The subsidiaries conveyed the portfolios to disregarded trusts, which issued investor notes and subordinated certificates.

The finance affiliate serviced the loans for an industry-standard fee, principally outside Louisiana. The subsidiaries had no employees or property in Louisiana and conducted no Louisiana business activity.

Corporation income tax

The Department found no taxable income earned in or derived from Louisiana. The subsidiaries' apparent sole income was interest on the loan pools, which the ruling said was then exempt in Louisiana.

The Secretary nevertheless retained statutory authority to allocate income and deductions among related taxpayers or require allocation and consolidated returns if necessary.

Franchise tax

Merely buying and selling loan paper that might have originated in Louisiana did not rise to doing business in the state. The subsidiaries also had to remain unregistered and unqualified with the Louisiana Secretary of State for the ruling's conclusion to apply.

Common questions

Q: Did Louisiana-originated loans alone create franchise-tax nexus?

A: No, on these facts.

Q: Did the affiliates' Louisiana activity automatically flow to the securitization subsidiaries?

A: No.

Q: Did the ruling remove the Secretary's related-company allocation authority?

A: No.

Citations and references

• La. R.S. 47:287.11, 47:287.67, and 47:287.69 — corporation income tax and Louisiana-source income
• La. R.S. 47:287.480 — allocation and consolidated-return authority
• La. R.S. 47:601 — franchise tax and doing-business standard
• LAC 61:III.101 — Private Letter Ruling authority and reliance statement

Source

• Landing page: Louisiana Department of Revenue Policies
• Original PDF: LA PLR 08-007

Original ruling text

Private Letter Ruling
Redacted Version
No. 08-007
Corporation Income Tax and Corporation Franchise Tax
Whether or Not a Member of an Affiliated Group will be Subject to Louisiana Corporation
Income or Corporation Franchise Taxes
March 12, 2008
This is in reply to your request for a private letter ruling concerning whether or not
subsidiaries of Company A will owe Louisiana corporation income or Louisiana franchise
tax.
Factual Scenario
You provided these facts:
The Taxpayers are part of a group of affiliated entities (the “Group”) engaged in the
manufacture and sale of tangible personal property throughout the world, including the
United States. Two of the Group’s significant United States affiliates are (i) Company A
Inc. (Co. A), a manufacturer and distributor of tangible personal property, and (ii)
Company B Corporation (B Corp.), a corporation that finances wholesale and retail
purchases (including consumer leases) of the Group’s (including Co. A’s) products.
Co. A makes sales of tangible personal property in Louisiana and B Corp. makes consumer
and wholesale loans to purchasers of the Group’s (including Co. A’s) products in
Louisiana. B Corp. also leases the Group’s (including CO. A’s) products to retail
consumers in Louisiana. The Taxpayers, subsidiaries of B Corp., are organized for the sole
purpose of facilitating structured debt financing of B Corp.’s consumer and wholesale
lending activities. Co. A and B Corp. file Louisiana Corporation Income and Franchise
Tax returns, but the Taxpayers herein and the subjects of this private letter ruling do not.
Co. A sells tangible personal property in Louisiana to a network of independent dealers
which maintain physical locations in Louisiana. Co. A, through the totality of its activities
and contacts with Louisiana, believes that it has taxable nexus in Louisiana. Accordingly,
Co. A has historically filed tax returns in Louisiana.
B Corp. owns tangible personal property in Louisiana by virtue of its consumer leasing
activities. Thus, B Corp. believes that it has taxable nexus in Louisiana. Accordingly, B
Corp. has historically filed tax returns in Louisiana.

617 North Third Street
P. O. Box 44098
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804-4098
225-219-2780  225-219-2759 Fax
TDD# 225-219-2114  www.revenue.louisiana.gov

PLR No. 08-007
Page 2 of 5
March 12, 2008

The Taxpayers, are Delaware corporations formed to facilitate the securitization of B
Corp.’s loans. These can be retail loans or loans to independent dealers. The Taxpayers
handle the securitization for only one type of loan (retail or independent dealers) and only
for a certain period of time. The principal vehicle used by the Taxpayers to facilitate
structured debt financing is the asset-backed securitization of personal property loans made
by B Corp. The asset-backed securitization that is effected through the Taxpayers allows
B Corp. to raise capital. B Corp.’s credit rating places restrictions on the amount that it
may finance and the cost of funds. By utilizing bankruptcy-remote entities like the
Taxpayers, B Corp. is able to raise capital without reference to these limitations and at a
lower cost than other more customary forms of financing.
Asset-backed securitizations involve B Corp. selling a portfolio of loans along with the
underlying security interests to the Taxpayers. The transaction between B Corp. and the
Taxpayers is structured to provide a legally-binding (i.e. respected for bankruptcy
purposes) true sale of the loans to the Taxpayers. The Taxpayers then convey the portfolio
of loans, along with their underlying security interests, to a newly-created trust. Because
the trust is disregarded for federal income tax purposes, the Taxpayers are treated as if they
still directly own the pool of loans, along with their underlying security interests, for
federal income tax purposes.
The trust then issues debt securities (i.e. notes) guaranteed by the value of the loans it has
received to third-party investors for cash—through offerings arranged by underwriters.
The income and cash-flow from the loan portfolio is then used by the trust to service the
debt securities held by the third-party investors. The trust also issues certificates to the
Taxpayers which are subordinated to the debt securities. This is a way to assure investors
that the cash received from the loans will be sufficient to cover the required payments on
the debt securities. These types of transactions are standard within the industry and, at
times, B Corp. has sold loan portfolios to third-parties, rather than the Taxpayers.
The Taxpayers outsource the administration of the loan portfolios to B Corp. under
portfolio-specific servicing agreements in exchange for a fee. B Corp., in turn, conducts
the loan servicing activities, principally in another state. The activities performed by B
Corp. include the allocation of funds received on the loans according to the terms of the
securitization, making interest and principal payments on the notes to investors, and
principal payments on the trust certificates. The Taxpayers receive the remainder of the
interest payments. The fee B Corp. charges for servicing a loan portfolio is one percent of
the annual aggregate loan balance, an amount which is standard within the industry.
The Taxpayers do not have any employees or property located in Louisiana and do not
conduct any business activities in Louisiana.
The Taxpayers have historically taken the position that they do not have nexus in
Louisiana and, therefore, have not filed tax returns. However, given the uncertain nature
of nexus determinations, the Taxpayers request from the Louisiana Department of Revenue
(“LDOR”) a private letter ruling whether the corporation income and franchise tax is
applicable given the facts as stated herein.

PLR No. 08-007
Page 3 of 5
March 12, 2008

In compliance with Louisiana Administrative Code (“LAC”) 61:III.101(C) (2) (g), the
Taxpayers attest to the following:

1. The Taxpayers do not have the same issue under audit or appeal with the LDOR or
   other taxing or revenue authorities;
2. The Taxpayers have not been notified by the LDOR of an examination or audit;
3. The Taxpayers are not currently litigating this nexus issue;
4. Neither the LDOR nor other taxing or revenue authorities have previously issued
   an advisory opinion on this issue;
5. The Taxpayers have not requested, and will not request, that the Louisiana
   Attorney General issue an opinion on this issue; and
6. Taxpayers agree to notify the LDOR of examinations or audits received by
   Taxpayers from the LDOR or other taxing or revenue authorities prior to the
   issuance of the requested private letter ruling.
   Taxpayer’s Analysis
   Income Tax
   Pursuant to Louisiana Revised Statute Annotated (“LA Rev. Stat. Ann.”) § 47: 287.11(A),
   Louisiana levies a corporation income tax on the Louisiana taxable income of corporations
   and other entities taxed as corporations for federal income tax purposes. “Louisiana
   taxable income” is defined as Louisiana net income, after adjustments, less the federal
   income tax deduction. LA Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47:287.69. “Louisiana net income” is defined
   as net income which is earned within or derived from sources within the state of Louisiana.
   LA Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47:287.67.
   Franchise Tax
   Louisiana imposes a franchise tax on domestic and foreign corporations for exercising its
   charter, being qualified to do business, actually doing business, or owning or using any
   part or all of its capital, plant, or any other property in the state of Louisiana. LA Rev.
   Stat. Ann. § 47:601(A). “Doing business” means “each and every act, power, right,
   privilege, or immunity exercised or enjoyed in this state, as an incident to or by virtue of
   the powers and privileges acquired by the nature of such organizations, as well as, the
   buying, selling, or procuring of services or property”. LA Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47:601(A) (1).
   Taxpayers assert they are not subject to Louisiana Corporation Income and Franchise Tax
   because:
   1.

Taxpayers do not exercise their charters or transact business within Louisiana;

2.

Taxpayers do not have any employees within Louisiana;

3.
4.

Taxpayers do not have physical, intangible or other property within Louisiana; and
Taxpayers do not derive revenue from Louisiana sources.

PLR No. 08-007
Page 4 of 5
March 12, 2008

Ruling Request
You have asked for a ruling on the following:
The Taxpayers respectfully request a private letter ruling by the Louisiana Department of
Revenue on the corporation income and franchise taxability of the Taxpayers in the State
of Louisiana.
Discussion
Income Tax
The taxpayer’s analysis gives accurate definitions for both Louisiana taxable income and
Louisiana net income. “Louisiana taxable income” is defined as Louisiana net income,
after adjustments, less the federal income tax deduction. LA Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47:287.69.
“Louisiana net income” is defined as net income which is earned within or derived from
sources within the state of Louisiana. LA Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47:287.67. As the definition
of Louisiana net income states, in order for a corporation to be required to file a Louisiana
corporation income tax return, the corporation must have taxable income earned within or
derived from sources within Louisiana. From the facts stated in the ruling request, the
taxpayers in question do not have taxable income earned within or derived from sources
within Louisiana.
Nothing in this discussion precludes the Secretary of Department of Revenue from
exercising her authority under R.S. 47:287.480. This statute allows the Secretary to
allocate items of income and deductions among taxpayers and require allocation among
related businesses and consolidated returns. Because the taxpayers’ sole income source
appears to be interest on the loans, it is unlikely that the Secretary would require a
consolidated return because interest income is now exempt from tax in Louisiana.
However, the Secretary still has the right to require consolidated returns with CO. A and/or
B Corp. if necessary.
Franchise Tax
R.S. 47:601 imposes a franchise tax on a corporation for exercising its charter, being
qualified to do business, actually doing business, or owning or using any part or all of its
capital, plant, or any other property in the state of Louisiana. The taxpayers in this case are
merely buying and selling paper that might have originated in Louisiana. This activity does
not rise to the level of doing business in the state. The taxpayers also must not be qualified
to do business in the state as well. So long as the taxpayers have not registered with the
Louisiana Secretary of State’s office this requirement should also be met.
Ruling
Assuming the facts as stated by the taxpayers in question are accurate, the taxpayers do not
appear to owe any Louisiana corporation income or franchise tax.

PLR No. 08-007
Page 5 of 5
March 12, 2008

If you have any questions or need additional information, please call Michael Pearson,
Senior Policy Consultant or Danielle B. Clapinski, Attorney, Policy Services Division, at
219-2780.
Sincerely,

Cynthia Bridges
Secretary
By
Danielle B. Clapinski
Attorney
Policy Services

This correspondence constitutes a private letter ruling (PLR) by the Louisiana Department of Revenue, as
provided for by section 61:III.101 of the Louisiana Administrative Code. A PLR provides guidance to a
specific taxpayer at the taxpayer's request. It is a written statement that applies principles of law to a specific
set of facts or a particular tax situation. A PLR does not have the force and effect of law, and is not binding
on the person who requested it or on any other taxpayer. This PLR is binding on the department only as to
the taxpayer to whom it is addressed, and only if the facts presented were truthful and complete and the
transaction was carried out as proposed. It continues as authority for the department's position unless a
subsequent declaratory ruling, rule, court case, or statute supersedes it.