Were the wine-storage facility's charges taxable as a rental or license to use Florida real property?

Plain-English summary

The wine-storage arrangement was a bailment, not a taxable rental or license to use real property. Customers owned their wine but surrendered possession and control while it was stored. They could not enter the refrigerated storage area or retrieve bottles themselves; only the facility's employees had access and fulfilled customer retrieval requests.

Because the facility had custody and control and customers depended on its cooperation to regain the wine, section 212.031's tax on renting or licensing real property did not apply to the described storage service.

The Department also treated employees who packaged, moved, and stored the customers' wine as warehousemen. Charges solely associated with those activities were not subject to tax under Rule 12A-1.036.

What this means for you

The practical dividing line is control. A storage customer who has independent access to a space may be leasing or licensing real property. Here, the operator catalogued and secured each bottle, excluded customers from the storage area, and had to cooperate in every retrieval, which supported bailment treatment.

Common questions

Why was this a bailment? The customers delivered their wine and relinquished possession and control; the facility alone could access the storage area and retrieve it.

Was the storage fee taxed as real-property rent? No, under the described arrangement.

Were moving, storing, and packing charges taxable? No. The Department treated the employees performing those activities as warehousemen.

Would self-service storage necessarily have the same result? No. The ruling's quoted rule distinguishes bailment from arrangements where the owner retains independent access and control.

Citations and references

• Fla. Stat. § 212.031.
• Fla. Stat. § 212.08(7)(v)1.
• Fla. Admin. Code rr. 12A-1.070(22) and 12A-1.036(1).

Source

• Landing page: Florida Tax Law Library
• Advisement: TAA 24A-003

Original ruling text

QUESTION

Does [Taxpayer’s] service qualify as [a] bailment, thereby [excluding] the service
from the tax on rental or license fee for use of real property imposed by section
212.031, Florida Statutes?

RESPONSE

Yes, Taxpayer’s service qualifies as a bailment, thereby excluding the service from
the tax on rental or license fee for use of real property imposed by section 212.031,
Florida Statutes.

QUESTION

To the extent that any charges are levied for, or considered to be associated with,
the moving, storing, or packing of a member’s wine, are [Taxpayer’s] employees
considered to be warehousemen under Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative
Code?

RESPONSE

To the extent that any charges are levied for or considered to be associated with,
the moving, storing, or packing of a member’s wine, Taxpayer’s employees are
considered to be warehousemen under Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative
Code.

March 26, 2024

Via Email:
Re:

Dear

Technical Assistance Advisement – TAA #: 24A-003
“Taxpayer”)
Sales and Use Tax – Bailment/Real Property
Section(s) 212.031 and 212.08(7)(v)1., Florida Statutes - (“F.S.”)
Rule(s) 12A-1.036 and 12A-1.070, Florida Administrative Code - (“F.A.C.”)

:

This is in response to your letter dated,
, requesting this Department’s issuance of a
Technical Assistance Advisement (“TAA”) pursuant to Section(s.) 213.22, F.S., and Rule Chapter 12-

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 2

11 F.A.C, Florida Administrative Code, regarding the matter discussed below. Your request has been
carefully examined, and the Department finds it to be in compliance with the requisite criteria set
forth in Chapter 12-11, F.A.C. This response to your request constitutes a TAA and is issued to you
under the authority of s. 213.22, F.S.
REQUESTED ADVISEMENTS

1. Does [Taxpayer’s] service qualify as [a] bailment, thereby [excluding] the service from the tax on
   rental or license fee for use of real property imposed by s. 212.031, Florida Statutes? See Rule
   12A-1.070(22), Florida Administrative Code.
2. To the extent that any charges are levied for, or considered to be associated with, the moving,
   storing, or packing of a member’s wine, are [Taxpayer’s] employees considered to be
   warehousemen under Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative Code?
   FACTS
   Your request provides in part:
   [Taxpayer] is a wine bottle storage facility for wine collectors. [Taxpayer] stores wine in
   carefully controlled conditions with a constant temperature of 55⁰, 65-75% humidity, and
   the complete absence of light and vibration. Security of the facility is maintained through
   24-hour monitoring via motion detection devices, as well as seventeen state-of-the-art
   surveillance cameras with both digital and analog access controls. Customers maintain
   ownership of the wine, but do not have access to the storage facility or the wine while it is
   in [Taxpayer’s] warehouse. Only employees are allowed access to the refrigerated portion
   of the warehouse by way of a pre-programmed fob assigned to them specifically. A copy of
   the customer agreement is included as Attachment A.
   Wine bottles destined for temperature-controlled storage are received either directly from
   the customer or wine supplier per the customer’s request. Wine is typically received by
   [Taxpayer] in either upright cardboard boxes or specialty containers with Styrofoam inserts
   known as “shippers.”
   Upon receiving delivery of a customer’s wine, [Taxpayer] provides a temporary receipt to
   the customer for the number of boxes received. The boxes are opened individually, a picture
   is taken by [Taxpayer] of each bottle for identification, and notes are recorded should the
   bottle be damaged, leaking, or of unusual character (such as a lower fill amount than would
   be expected for a bottle of that age). Several fields of data are then recorded in [Taxpayer’s]
   proprietary database (producer, vintage, bottle size, etc.) and the photos and notes are
   uploaded alongside each respective entry. After assigning a QR code to each bottle, the
   bottles are placed into custom lay-f[l]at boxes made to fit [Taxpayer’s] rack system and
   sealed. Each box is assigned a QR code and a specific location in the warehouse for ease of
   retrieval by [Taxpayer’s] employees.

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 3

After the wine is catalogued, the customer is provided with a unique and custom username
and password, and is given digital access to their collection via a portal on [Taxpayer’s]
website. When ready to remove bottles from [Taxpayer’s] custody for consumption or sale,
a retrieval request is made through an automated function built into the portal. [Taxpayer]
employees then pull the wine ordered for retrieval and ready it for pickup by the customer
at the customer’s convenience. A customer will never be responsible for retrieving their
own wine(s), nor given access to the collection in the temperature-controlled storage area.
[Taxpayer] charges a storage fee based on the size of the collection and the length of time
stored under temperature-controlled conditions at [Taxpayer’s] location.
TAXPAYER POSITION
Pursuant to the Department’s rule, “bailment” is defined as a contractual agreement, oral
or written, whereby a person (the bailor) delivers tangible personal property to another (the
bailee) and the bailor for the duration of the relationship relinquishes his exclusive
possession, control, and dominion over the property, so that the bailee can exclude, within
the limits of the agreement, the possession of the property to all others. The relationship
between [Taxpayer] and its members regarding the storage of wine at [Taxpayer’s] location
operates as a bailment. [Taxpayer]contracts with its members for the storage of wine at its
facility. The members deliver, either personally or through a delivery service directly from a
winery, bottled wine directly to [Taxpayer]. For the duration of the storage relationship, the
customer relinquishes exclusive possession, control and dominion of the wine. [Taxpayer],
once in possession of the wine, catalogues the wine and stores it within an area of the facility
accessible only [by] [Taxpayer’s] employees at the exclusion of all others, including the
member/bailor. Members are unable to access the wine except through scheduling an
appointment with [Taxpayer], wherein [Taxpayer’s]employees must retrieve the catalogued
and stored wine and return it to the member.
The Department’s Rule 12A-1.070(22), Florida Administrative Code, excludes bailments
from the sales tax, as a bailment is neither the lease [nor] license to use real property. Here,
[Taxpayer’s] customers join [Taxpayer] not only for the climate-controlled storage of the
wine, but the cataloging and security services provided to customers. [Taxpayer’s] exclusive
control and possession of the bottled wine under the contractual agreement results in the
creation of a non-taxable bailment under the Department’s rule.
Furthermore, the Department’s Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative Code, provides a
similar exempt[ion] for a warehouseman providing similar services. Here, [Taxpayer’s]
employees merely package/box, move, and store [Taxpayer] member’s wine at the facility.
Any additional tasks, such as photographing or cataloguing information, are necessarily
related to and subsumed within the storage functions taking place. Therefore, [Taxpayer’s]
employees would be considered warehousemen and their activities would not be taxable
pursuant to the Department’s rule.

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 4

As a result, [Taxpayer] believes that its services as whole are excluded from taxation by the
State.

The attached “Wine Storage Services Agreement,” provides in part:
I.

Terms:

B. Member storage fees will be based on the pricing schedule in effect on the date
of this Agreement, a copy of which is attached and indicating which storage option
is chosen by Member for the initial term. For By the Case Members, the storage
fee will be adjusted at the beginning of each calendar quarter based on case count
changes due to deliveries and/or pull requests. [Taxpayer] has been advised by
counsel that Florida sales & use taxes do not apply to refrigerated storage. If, for
any reason, it is otherwise determined, Member agrees to immediately pay all
applicable sales & use taxes.

E. Member retrieval requests are made online and are processed on a first-come,
first-served basis. Most requests will be fulfilled within 2 business days, but may
take up to 5 business days, based upon size of the pull request and seasonality.
F. Personal pick-ups are allowed during normal published business hours or by
appointment.

II.

Lien:

B. If an account remains overdue for sixty (60) days after Member has been notified,
[Taxpayer] has the right to pursue collection by any legal means, including referring
the matter to a third party collection agency, obtaining a judgment through the
courts or arranging a sale of Member’s Wine. The proceeds of such sale shall be first
applied to any indebtedness owing to [Taxpayer] and to any costs and expenses
incurred with respect to the goods, the sale, and any efforts to collect such
indebtedness. Any excess shall be remitted to the Member.

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March 27, 2024
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III. Liability:
A. Risk of Loss; Member to Insure. As a material consideration to this Agreement,
Member and Taxpayer agree that Member shall insure all of Member’s Wine for all
risk of loss from any cause whatsoever. Member shall obtain its own insurance policy
through its own insurance agent or carrier for all Wine subject to this Agreement.
The Wine will not be insured by Taxpayer for the benefit of Member against any risk
whatsoever including fire, theft, loss or any other casualty.
B. [Taxpayer] shall not be liable to the Member for failure to perform its obligations
hereunder if and to the extent that such failure to perform is caused by or results
from causes beyond its reasonable control, including without limitation, strikes,
lockouts, or other industrial disturbances, civil disturbances, fires, acts of God, acts
of a public enemy, acts or omissions of subcontractors, compliance with any
regulations, orders or requirements of any governmental body or agency, or inability
to obtain transportation or necessary materials in the open market.
C. [Taxpayer] shall not be held responsible for loss or damage due to deterioration of
the Wine for any cause, and [Taxpayer] reserves the right to reject bottles deemed
to be unsafe.

E. Member warrants that it is the owner or legal custodian of the Wine and has full
authority to store the Wine in accordance with this Agreement.

LAW AND DISCUSSION
Section 212.031, F.S., provides in part:
(1)(a) It is declared to be the legislative intent that every person is exercising a taxable
privilege who engages in the business of renting, leasing, letting, or granting a license for
the use of any real property.

Rule 12A-1.070(22), F.A.C., provides as follows:
(a) When tangible personal property is left upon another’s premises under a contract of
bailment, the bailee is not exercising a privilege taxable under the provisions of s. 212.031,
F.S., relating to leases, licenses, or rentals of real property.

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 6

(b) A bailment is a contractual agreement, oral or written, whereby a person (the bailor)
delivers tangible personal property to another (the bailee) and the bailor for the duration
of the relationship relinquishes his exclusive possession, control, and dominion over the
property, so that the bailee can exclude, within the limits of the agreement, the possession
of the property to all others. If there is no such delivery and relinquishment of exclusive
possession, and the owner’s control and dominion over the property is not dependent upon
the cooperation of the person on whose premises the property is left, and his access thereto
is in no wise subject to the latter’s control, it will generally be held that such person is a
tenant, lessee, or licensee of the space upon the premises where the property is left.

1. Example: A safety-deposit box in a bank or vault is a bailment, not a lease or license,
   because the bank has one key and the customer another and both are necessary to gain
   access to the box.
2. Example: An airport locker is not a bailment, but a lease or license, because the renter
   has the key and sole access to the stored property.
3. Example: The charge made for use of a frozen food locker in cold storage or locker plants
   is exempt under conditions which require the facility owner’s presence and assent for the
   food owner to access his property.
   (c) A person who merely grants storage space without assuming, expressly or implied, any
   duty or responsibility with respect to the care and control of the property stored is a
   landlord of a person granted a right to occupy or use such real property and is not a bailee.
   Thus, the person granting the right to use such storage space is exercising a privilege taxable
   under the provisions of s. 212.031, F.S., as a lease or license.
   (d) A lease, license, or bailment is indicative of a contractual relationship, and the terms are
   not mutually exclusive.
   Whatever label is attached to a contract, in determining whether a transaction is a bailment
   or a lease or a license, consideration will be given to the manifested intention of the parties
   as to which relationship has been created.
   (e) In the absence of an express contract, the creation of a bailment requires that possession
   and control pass from the bailor to the bailee; there must be full transfer, actual or
   constructive, so as to exclude the property from the possession of the owner and all other
   persons and give the bailee sole custody and control for the time being.
   Section 212.08(7)(v)1., F.S., provides an exemption for professional, insurance, or personal service
   transactions that involve sales of inconsequential elements of tangible personal property which are
   not separately stated.
   Rule 12A-1.036(1), F.A.C, provides that “[c]harges by warehousemen solely for moving, storing,
   packing, or shipping tangible personal property belonging to other persons are not subject to tax.”

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 7

In this case, Taxpayer provides wine storage services at its warehouse facility in St. Petersburg,
Florida. Prior to becoming members and utilizing Taxpayer’s wine storage services, customers are
required to complete a “Wine Storage Services Agreement” agreeing to Taxpayer’s established
Terms, Liens, and Liability conditions wherein members must among other things warrant that they
are the owners or legal custodians of the wine and have full authority to store the wine. Under the
written contractual agreement, members/bailors deliver wine to Taxpayer/bailee and for the
duration of the relationship members relinquish their exclusive possession, control, and dominion
over the wine, so that Taxpayer can exclude, within the limits of the agreement, the possession of
the property to all others.
Although members maintain ownership of the wine, under the agreement, members are not able to
access their wine(s) and are not granted access to the collection in the temperature-controlled
storage area. However, members may request wine from the collection by making an online retrieval
request. In which case, only Taxpayer’s employees who are responsible for packaging/boxing,
moving, and storing, members’ wines are allowed access to retrieve the wine from the temperaturecontrolled storage area at Taxpayer’s facility.
For a contract to be deemed a bailment, the bailee, the person to whom the property is entrusted,
has control and dominion of the property, and the owner, the bailor, cannot gain access to the
property without the consent and cooperation of the bailee, which is the case here – as Taxpayer has
control and dominion of the wine and the member is not able to gain access to the wine without
Taxpayer’s consent and cooperation. Additionally, Taxpayer’s employees responsible for
packaging/boxing, moving, and storing the members’ wines, are providing a personal or professional
service, and would therefore, be considered warehousemen engaged in activities that are not subject
to tax.
CONCLUSIONS
QUESTION

Does [Taxpayer’s] service qualify as [a] bailment, thereby [excluding] the service
from the tax on rental or license fee for use of real property imposed by s. 212.031,
Florida Statutes?

RESPONSE

Yes, Taxpayer’s service qualifies as a bailment, thereby excluding the service from
the tax on rental or license fee for use of real property imposed by s. 212.031,
Florida Statutes.

QUESTION

To the extent that any charges are levied for, or considered to be associated with,
the moving, storing, or packing of a member’s wine, are [Taxpayer’s] employees
considered to be warehousemen under Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative
Code?

RESPONSE

Yes, to the extent that any charges are levied for or considered to be associated
with, the moving, storing, or packing of a member’s wine, Taxpayer’s employees
are considered to be warehousemen under Rule 12A-1.036, Florida Administrative
Code.

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 8

This response constitutes a TAA under s. 213.22, F.S., which is binding on the Department only under
the facts and circumstances described in the request for this advice, as specified in s. 213.22, F.S. Our
response is predicated on those facts and the specific situation summarized above. You are advised
that subsequent statutory or administrative rule changes, or judicial interpretations of the statutes
or rules, upon which this advice is based, may subject similar future transactions to a different
treatment than expressed in this response.
You are further advised that this response, your request and related backup documents are public
records under Chapter 119, F.S., and are subject to disclosure to the public under the conditions of s.
213.22, F.S. Confidential information must be deleted before public disclosure. In an effort to protect
confidentiality, we request you provide the undersigned with an edited copy of your request for TAA,
the backup material and this response, deleting names, addresses and any other details which might
lead to identification of the Taxpayer. Your response should be received by the Department within
ten (10) days of the date of this letter.
If you have any further questions with regard to this matter and wish to discuss them, you may
contact me directly at (850)717-6701.
Sincerely,

Shundra McClean
Shundra McClean
Tax Law Specialist
Technical Assistance & Dispute Resolution
Record ID: 7001037539
cc:

Technical Assistance Advisement
March 27, 2024
Page 9

TADR Satisfaction Survey
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Tax type:

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Thank you.