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IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

10,109 determinations and counting · Newest release July 31, 2026
882 determinations Estate-Tax

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PLR

Estate gets 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file a federal estate tax return because of the value of the decedent’s gross estate and adjusted taxable gifts. The estate nevertheless needed to file Form 706…

202404004·January 26, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate granted 120 days to make QTIP election

A decedent's revocable trust became irrevocable at death and divided into marital and family trusts. The marital trust required income distributions to the surviving spouse and permitted principal dis…

202403011·January 19, 2024
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect QTIP treatment for two marital trusts

An estate timely filed Form 706 after both the decedent and surviving spouse had died, but the return omitted two marital trusts from Schedule M and did not make qualified terminable interest property…

202352016·December 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a portability election

An estate represented that it was not otherwise required to file Form 706 but had failed to timely file the return needed to transfer the decedent's unused estate and gift tax exclusion to the survivi…

202351010·December 22, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate received more time to elect portability

An estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return because of the value of the decedent's gross estate and taxable gifts. It nevertheless needed to file Form 706 to elect portability, w…

202350011·December 15, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to elect portability of a late spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies, any unused part of their federal estate-tax exclusion can be passed to a surviving spouse (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) so the spouse can use it later. But that…

202343033·October 27, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time to elect portability of unused exclusion

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because the decedent's gross estate and taxable gifts were below the section 6018 filing threshold. The decedent left a surviving spouse and had u…

202343027·October 27, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because of the represented value of the gross estate and taxable gifts. It nevertheless needed to file the return to elect portability, which woul…

202341010·October 13, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time for QTIP and reverse QTIP elections

A decedent's revocable trust divided its marital share between an exempt marital trust and a non-exempt marital trust for the surviving spouse. The estate hired a law firm to prepare Form 706 and make…

202341004·October 13, 2023
Approved
PLR

How a surviving spouse's renunciation of her QTIP marital-trust interest is taxed as a gift, with net-gift and estate-inclusion consequences

When a spouse dies, property left in a "QTIP" marital trust escapes estate tax at the first death but is taxed later, either in the surviving spouse's estate when she dies or as a gift if she gives up…

202339008·September 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a surviving spouse's estate more time to make a late portability election for the deceased spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies, any unused part of their federal estate-tax exclusion can be passed to their surviving spouse through a "portability" election, letting the survivor shelter more from estate and gif…

202339006·September 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a surviving spouse's estate more time to make a late portability election for the deceased spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies, any unused part of their federal estate-tax exclusion can be passed to their surviving spouse through a "portability" election, letting the survivor shelter more from estate and gif…

202339005·September 29, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a QDOT trustee extra time to certify that the surviving spouse became a U.S. citizen

When someone dies leaving property to a non-citizen spouse, the estate can still claim the marital deduction only if the property goes into a qualified domestic trust (QDOT), which keeps a special est…

202338006·September 22, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a small estate extra time to make a portability election for the unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies, any unused part of their estate-tax exclusion can be passed to their surviving spouse (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "portability" election, but only b…

202338004·September 22, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants extra time to make a late QTIP marital-deduction election on an estate return

When one spouse dies, the estate can defer estate tax on property left to the surviving spouse by making a "qualified terminable interest property" (QTIP) election on the estate tax return (Form 706).…

202337002·September 15, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants an estate 120 days to make a late § 2010(c)(5)(A) portability election

When someone dies, any unused portion of their federal estate-and-gift tax exemption can be passed to a surviving spouse, but only if the estate makes a "portability" election on a timely filed estate…

202336003·September 8, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS waives the requirement that assets be formally conveyed to a qualified domestic trust for the estate marital deduction

When a surviving spouse is not a U.S. citizen, property left to that spouse does not qualify for the estate tax marital deduction unless it passes through a qualified domestic trust (QDOT), which ensu…

202332013·August 11, 2023
Approved
PLR

IRS grants a late estate 120 more days to make a portability election for the deceased spouse's unused exclusion

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exclusion, the surviving spouse can inherit the unused portion (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "po…

202332002·August 11, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to elect alternate valuation after its preparer never mentioned the option

When someone dies, their estate may value the assets either as of the date of death or six months later. That six-month option, the alternate valuation election under section 2032, can cut the estate …

202329001·July 21, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return failed to timely elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount for the surviving spouse. Because the filing deadlin…

202327013·July 7, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return failed to timely elect portability of the decedent's unused exclusion amount for the surviving spouse. Because the filing deadlin…

202327002·July 7, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets 120 days to make late portability election

An estate below the normal estate-tax filing threshold failed to file Form 706 on time to transfer the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. Because the estate represented…

202323002·June 9, 2023
Approved
PLR

Splitting a GST-grandfathered trust into four equal trusts is tax-free across income, gift, estate, and GST tax

A trust created long ago (irrevocable before September 25, 1985, so it is "grandfathered" and exempt from the generation-skipping transfer, or GST, tax) held everything in a single share for one child…

202322005·June 2, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to make a late portability election

When one spouse dies without using all of their federal estate tax exemption, the leftover amount (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) can be passed to the surviving spouse. But this "po…

202317013·April 28, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

A decedent left a surviving spouse and an unused portion of the federal estate and gift tax exclusion. The estate represented that it was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because of the estate'…

202316003·April 21, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate receives 120 days to make a late portability election

A decedent left a surviving spouse and an unused portion of the federal estate and gift tax exclusion, but the estate did not timely file Form 706 to elect portability. The estate represented that its…

202315009·April 14, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to make a late portability election for the surviving spouse

When one spouse dies, the estate can make a "portability" election so the surviving spouse can use the deceased spouse's unused estate-and-gift-tax exclusion (the DSUE amount). That election is made o…

202310009·March 10, 2023
Approved
PLR

Late portability election allowed, estate gets 120 more days to claim a deceased spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion

When a married person dies without using up their federal estate-tax exclusion (the amount that can pass tax-free, roughly $13 million in recent years), the leftover, called the DSUE amount, can be tr…

202307006·February 17, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to make a late "portability" election so the surviving spouse can use the decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies without using up their federal estate-tax exclusion, their estate can elect "portability" so the surviving spouse can add the leftover (the deceased spousal unused exclusion, or DSUE…

202306007·February 10, 2023
Approved
PLR

Splitting a GST-grandfathered trust into five family trusts triggers no tax

A family asked the IRS how dividing one irrevocable trust into five separate trusts, one for each branch of the family, would be taxed. The original trust was created before the generation-skipping tr…

202303012·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Splitting a GST-grandfathered trust into five family trusts triggers no tax

A family asked the IRS how dividing one irrevocable trust into five separate trusts, one for each branch of the family, would be taxed. The original trust was created before the generation-skipping tr…

202303009·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Splitting a GST-grandfathered trust into five family trusts triggers no tax

A family asked the IRS how dividing one irrevocable trust into five separate trusts, one for each branch of the family, would be taxed. The original trust was created before the generation-skipping tr…

202303008·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Pro rata division into five family trusts produced no income, estate, gift, or GST tax

A trust created before September 25, 1985, benefited one grandchild and that grandchild's descendants. Because the five children had different circumstances, the trustees obtained court approval to di…

202303007·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Pro rata division into five family trusts produced no income, estate, gift, or GST tax

A trust created before September 25, 1985, benefited one grandchild and that grandchild's descendants. Because the five children had different circumstances, the trustees obtained court approval to di…

202303006·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Pro rata division into five family trusts produced no income, estate, gift, or GST tax

A trust created before September 25, 1985, benefited one grandchild and that grandchild's descendants. Because the five children had different circumstances, the trustees obtained court approval to di…

202303005·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Pro rata division into five family trusts produced no income, estate, gift, or GST tax

A trust created before September 25, 1985, benefited one grandchild and that grandchild's descendants. Because the five children had different circumstances, the trustees obtained court approval to di…

202303004·January 20, 2023
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

An estate was not otherwise required to file Form 706 because the decedent's gross estate and adjusted taxable gifts were below the filing threshold. The estate nevertheless needed a timely return to …

202250009·December 16, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late QTIP election

A decedent's trust divided at death into a family trust and a marital trust intended to qualify as qualified terminable interest property. The marital trust required all income to be paid to the survi…

202249006·December 9, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to make a late portability election

A decedent’s estate was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return but needed Form 706 to elect portability of the deceased spouse’s unused exclusion amount to the surviving spouse. The estat…

202248003·December 2, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate receives more time for QTIP and reverse QTIP elections

A decedent’s revocable trust divided at death into a bypass trust and a marital trust for the surviving spouse. The marital trust was to be divided into generation-skipping transfer tax exempt and non…

202247005·November 25, 2022
Approved
PLR

Late portability election allowed so a surviving spouse can use the deceased spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies, any unused portion of their federal estate-tax exclusion can be passed to a surviving spouse (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "portability" election. Tha…

202246004·November 18, 2022
Approved
PLR

Widowed spouse gets 120 more days to make a missed QTIP election after the estate's accountant failed to advise it

A married person set up a revocable trust and left their whole estate to it. When they died, the trust became irrevocable and was designed to pay all its income to the surviving spouse for life, the c…

202244007·November 4, 2022
Approved
PLR

Trustee gets 120 more days to certify that a non-citizen surviving spouse became a U.S. citizen, ending the special estate tax on a QDOT

When someone dies leaving property to a surviving spouse who is not a U.S. citizen, the estate normally cannot claim the unlimited marital deduction unless the property goes into a "qualified domestic…

202244005·November 4, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate received 120 days to elect portability

An estate that was not otherwise required to file an estate tax return missed the deadline to elect portability of the deceased spouse's unused estate tax exclusion. The estate requested regulatory re…

202243006·October 28, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate that didn't have to file an estate tax return gets extra time to make a "portability" election so the surviving spouse can use the unused exclusion

When someone dies, any unused portion of their federal estate/gift tax exclusion can be transferred to their surviving spouse (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) through a "portability"…

202242003·October 21, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to make QTIP and "reverse" QTIP elections its attorney botched on the estate tax return

When a married person dies, an estate can defer estate tax on assets left in trust for the surviving spouse by making a "QTIP" election (qualified terminable interest property) under section 2056(b)(7…

202242002·October 21, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to elect estate-tax "portability" for a surviving spouse

When one spouse dies without using up their federal estate-tax exemption, the estate can elect "portability" to pass the unused amount (the DSUE) to the surviving spouse. That election is normally mad…

202241001·October 14, 2022
Approved
PLR

120-day extension granted for a surviving spouse's estate to make a portability (DSUE) election

A surviving spouse's representative asked the IRS for more time to make a "portability" election under section 2010(c)(5)(A), which lets a surviving spouse use the deceased spouse's unused estate-tax …

202240016·October 7, 2022
Approved
PLR

120-day extension granted for an estate to make a portability (DSUE) election

A deceased person's estate asked the IRS for more time to make a "portability" election under section 2010(c)(5)(A), which lets a surviving spouse use the deceased spouse's unused estate-tax exclusion…

202240013·October 7, 2022
Approved
PLR

120-day extension to make a late estate-tax portability (DSUE) election

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exclusion, the surviving spouse can inherit the unused amount, called the deceased spousal unused exclusion (DSUE), but only if…

202239012·September 30, 2022
Approved
PLR

120-day extension to make a late estate-tax portability (DSUE) election

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exclusion, the surviving spouse can inherit the unused amount, called the deceased spousal unused exclusion (DSUE), but only if…

202239007·September 30, 2022
Approved
PLR

120-day extension to make a late estate-tax portability (DSUE) election

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate and gift tax exclusion, the surviving spouse can inherit the unused amount, called the deceased spousal unused exclusion (DSUE), but only if…

202239005·September 30, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate gets more time to fix a botched QTIP marital-deduction election

A "QTIP" election under § 2056(b)(7) lets an estate claim the unlimited marital deduction for property left in trust for a surviving spouse, so no estate tax is due at the first spouse's death. Here t…

202238008·September 23, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to make a portability election for the surviving spouse

When one spouse dies without using all of their federal estate-tax exemption, the leftover amount (the "DSUE" amount) can pass to the surviving spouse, but only if the executor makes a "portability" e…

202238001·September 23, 2022
Approved
PLR

Extension of time for an estate to make a portability election preserving the deceased spouse's unused exclusion

When a spouse dies without using all of their federal estate-tax exemption, the surviving spouse can claim the leftover (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) only if the deceased spouse's…

202237001·September 16, 2022
Approved
PLR

Extension of time for an estate to make a portability election preserving the deceased spouse's unused exclusion

When someone dies without using up their full federal estate-tax exemption, the leftover amount (the "deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) can be passed to the surviving spouse, but only if th…

202236009·September 9, 2022
Approved
PLR

Late relief for a surviving spouse's estate-tax portability election

When someone dies, any unused portion of their federal estate-tax exclusion can be passed to a surviving spouse, but only if the estate makes a "portability" election on a timely filed estate tax retu…

202234006·August 26, 2022
Approved
PLR

Estate gets extra time to make a QTIP marital-deduction election after preparer's Schedule M error

When one spouse dies leaving property in a marital trust, the estate can defer estate tax by making a "QTIP" election under IRC § 2056(b)(7), which treats the trust property as passing to the survivin…

202234002·August 26, 2022
Approved
CCA

No estate-tax deduction for a charitable-remainder-trust payout the trustee can split between spouse and charity at will

This is internal Chief Counsel advice to an IRS area counsel, not a ruling to a taxpayer. A decedent left part of his estate to a charitable remainder unitrust (CRUT) paying 5% a year for his survivin…

202233014·August 19, 2022
Advice
PLR

Late portability election allowed so surviving spouse can use decedent's unused estate-tax exclusion

When someone dies without using all of their federal estate-tax exclusion, the leftover ("deceased spousal unused exclusion," or DSUE) can pass to the surviving spouse, but only if the estate makes a …

202233010·August 19, 2022
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.