County-government support association's income is excludable under section 115(1)

Plain-English summary

A nonprofit corporation, already recognized as tax-exempt under section 501(c)(4), exists to support and strengthen county governments in its state. Every county is a member, pays standardized dues, and votes through a current county official; the board is made up entirely of county officials from affiliated associations of sheriffs, auditors, treasurers, and the like. The organization asked whether its income is excludable from gross income under section 115(1), which covers income from an essential governmental function that accrues to a state or its political subdivisions. The IRS ruled yes. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of county governments is an essential governmental function, private interests benefit no more than incidentally, and the organization's assets can never revert to a non-governmental entity, even on dissolution. The practical effect is that this entity does not owe federal income tax on that income. The IRS leaned on Rev. Rul. 90-74 (public-entity risk pools) and Rev. Rul. 77-261 (state investment funds).

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Is the organization's income excludable from gross income under section 115(1) as income from an essential governmental function accruing to a state or political subdivision?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC § 115(1); Rev. Rul. 90-74, 1990-2 C.B. 34; Rev. Rul. 77-261, 1977-2 C.B. 45

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202552001 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 12/26/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 115.00-00, 115.03-00,
115.06-00 Person To Contact:
--------------------, ID No. ------------------
----------------------- Telephone Number:
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-------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------- CC:EEE:EOET:EO3
------------------------------------------ PLR-107159-25
Date:
September 18, 2025

LEGEND

Year = -------
State = ------

Dear ------------------:

This letter responds to a letter from your authorized representative dated March 10,
2025, requesting a ruling under section 115(1) of the Internal Revenue Code.1

                                              FACTS

Taxpayer was established in Year as a nonprofit corporation and was subsequently
granted recognition of its tax-exempt status under section 501(c)(4). Taxpayer's
primary mission is to enhance the efficiency and performance of county governments in
State, which includes strengthening the leadership and decision-making skills of county
officials. In pursuit of this mission, Taxpayer promotes and supports intercounty
collaboration, organizes educational events such as seminars and conferences, and
produces a regularly published magazine. It also offers a range of programs and
services designed to help counties serve their residents effectively. According to State
law, Taxpayer is the only county-focused organization permitted to collect dues and
service fees from State counties.

According to its articles of incorporation and bylaws, Taxpayer's stated purpose is to
support and strengthen county governments throughout State. To carry out its mission,
it offers services, including legal guidance, education and training, and support in

1 Unless otherwise noted, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended

(the "Code").
PLR-107159-25 2

legislative matters. It also develops and delivers a variety of programs and services that
help counties meet their statutory and administrative responsibilities to their
communities and employees. Examples of these programs include group health
insurance, HIPAA compliance training, technology consulting, and pooled property and
casualty insurance.

Under Taxpayer's governing documents, all counties in State are members of Taxpayer
and are required to pay standardized annual dues. General members are granted
voting rights and participate in decisions during annual and special meetings on matters
such as dues, budget planning, and legislative priorities. Each voting representative is
a current county official, or employee designated by their county to act on its behalf.

Taxpayer is governed entirely by a board of directors, which holds complete authority
over Taxpayer's operations and assets. The board has the exclusive power to hire and
terminate the executive director. The executive director reports directly to the board.
The board is composed of county officials, each representing one of several affiliated
associations of county officials and employees. These affiliated associations
correspond to the principal functions of county governments in State, such as
associations of county sheriffs, auditors, treasurers, engineers, supervisors, and other
officials. Each affiliated association may appoint a board member either through
elections or via designation by its governing body. To serve as a director, an individual
must be a current county official or employee.

The majority of Taxpayer's revenue is provided by county governments, primarily
through membership dues and service-related fees. These payments are reviewed and
approved by county supervisors.

Under Taxpayer's articles of incorporation, no part of Taxpayer's net earnings may inure
to the benefit of, or be distributable to, any private shareholder, individual, or private
interest. Upon dissolution, Taxpayer's assets, after all debts and liabilities have been
satisfied, must be distributed to State, a political subdivision of State, or organizations
the income of which is excludable from gross income under section 115(1).

                             RULING REQUESTED

Taxpayer's income is excludable from gross income under section 115(1) because
Taxpayer's income is derived from its exercise of an essential governmental function
and such income accrues to a state or political subdivision thereof.

                             LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 115(1) provides that gross income does not include income derived from any
public utility or the exercise of any essential governmental function and accruing to a
state or political subdivision thereof.
PLR-107159-25 3

In Rev. Rul. 77-261, 1977-2 C.B. 45, the Internal Revenue Service ruled that income
generated by an investment fund established by a state for the temporary investment of
cash balances of the state and its political subdivisions is excludable from gross income
under section 115(1) because such investment constitutes an essential governmental
function and the fund's income accrues to the state and political subdivisions thereof.
The ruling explains that section 115(1) is intended to apply not to the income of a state
or municipality resulting from its own participation in activities, but rather to the income
of an entity engaged in the operation of a public utility or the performance of some
governmental function that accrues to a state or political subdivision thereof.

In Rev. Rul. 90-74, 1990-2 C.B. 34, the Internal Revenue Service ruled that the income
of an organization formed, funded, and operated by political subdivisions to pool their
casualty risks or other risks arising from obligations concerning public liability, workers'
compensation, and employees' health is excludable from gross income under section
115(1) because: 1) pooling risks of political subdivisions constitutes an essential
governmental function; 2) except for certain incidental benefits, private interests do not
participate in or benefit from the organization; and 3) the organization's income accrues
to political subdivisions.

By improving the efficiency and effectiveness of county governments in State, Taxpayer
performs an essential governmental function. See Rev. Rul. 90-74 and Rev. Rul. 77-

261. Taxpayer's income is excludable from gross income under section 115(1) because
     it is derived from the exercise of an essential governmental function and accrues to a
     state or political subdivision thereof for purposes of section 115(1). Private interests do
     not participate in, or benefit from, Taxpayer's operations more than incidentally. In no
     event, including upon dissolution, will Taxpayer's assets be distributed or revert to any
     entity that is not a state, a political subdivision of a state, or an entity whose income is
     excludable from its gross income under section 115(1).

                                      RULING
     

Taxpayer's income is excludable from gross income under section 115(1) because
Taxpayer's income is derived from its exercise of an essential governmental function
and that income accrues to a state or political subdivision thereof.

The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations
submitted by or on behalf of Taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an individual with authority to bind Taxpayer and upon the
understanding that there will be no material changes in the facts. See Rev. Proc. 2025-
1 § 7.01(16), 2025-1 I.R.B. 1. This office has not verified any of the materials submitted
in support of the request for this ruling, and such materials are subject to verification on
examination. The Associate Chief Counsel (Employee Benefits, Exempt Organizations,
and Employment Taxes) will revoke or modify a letter ruling and apply the revocation
retroactively if: 1) there has been a misstatement or omission of controlling facts; 2) the
facts at the time of the transaction are materially different from the controlling facts on
PLR-107159-25 4

which the letter ruling was based; or 3) the transaction involves a continuing action or
series of actions and the controlling facts change during the course of the transaction.
See Rev. Proc. § 11.05, 2025-1 I.R.B. 1.

This letter does not address the applicability of any section of the Code or regulations
thereunder other than those sections specifically described. Except as expressly
provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the federal tax
consequences of any fact or issue discussed or referenced in this letter.

This letter is directed only to Taxpayer. Section 6110(k)(3) provides that it may not be
used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter will
be sent to Taxpayer's authorized representative.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, if Taxpayer files its returns electronically, Taxpayer may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to its return that provides the date and control
number of this letter.

                                       Sincerely,


                                       ___________________________
                                       Kenneth Griffin
                                       Branch Chief, Exempt Organizations Branch 3
                                       (Employee Benefits, Exempt Organizations, and
                                       Employment Taxes)

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