IRS rules a closely held S corporation's spin-off of a second business qualifies as a tax-free Section 355 distribution and Section 368(a)(1)(D) reorganization

Plain-English summary

A closely held S corporation owned equally by three related shareholders ran two
separate businesses. It wanted to split them apart: it would drop one business
into a newly formed corporation and then hand that new corporation's stock out to
its three shareholders. This kind of split is a "spin-off." Sections 355 and 368
let a spin-off happen tax-free if it meets a long list of requirements, including
that both companies keep actively running a real business. The company asked the
IRS to confirm the tax consequences. The IRS ruled the transaction is a
reorganization under Section 368(a)(1)(D), that neither the distributing company,
the new company, nor the shareholders recognize gain or loss, that the new
company takes carryover basis and holding periods in the assets, that the
shareholders split their old stock basis between the two companies, and that
earnings and profits and the S corporation accumulated adjustments account are
allocated between them. The IRS also confirmed the new company can make its own S
election effective right after the spin-off. The IRS did not rule on whether the
spin-off has a valid business purpose, a separate requirement it left open.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Does an S corporation's contribution of one business to a new corporation followed by a pro rata distribution of that corporation's stock qualify as a tax-free spin-off?
• Outcome: Approved. Twelve rulings granted confirming tax-free treatment under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) and S corporation eligibility for the new company.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 355, 368(a)(1)(D), 361, 357, 1032, 362(b), 358, 1223, 312(h), 1361, 1362

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202551007
Release Date: 12/19/2025
Index Number: 355.00-00, 355.01-00, 368.00-00, 368.04-00

Third Party Communication: None
Date of Communication: Not Applicable

Person To Contact:
----------------------------, ID No. --------------
Telephone Number:

Refer Reply To:
CC:CORP:BO5
PLR-109415-25
Date:
September 18, 2025

                                             Legend

Distributing = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Controlled = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Shareholder A = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Shareholder B = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Shareholder C = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Entity 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Entity 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Business 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Business 2 = ---------------------------------

Date 1 = --------------------------

Date 2 = -------------------------

Continuing Arrangements = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Transition Services Agreement = -----------------------------------------------------------------
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a =

Dear --------------:

This letter responds to your authorized representatives’ letter dated April 21, 2025, as
supplemented by subsequent information and documentation, requesting rulings on
certain federal tax consequences of a proposed transaction (the “Proposed
Transaction”). The material information submitted in that letter and subsequent
correspondence is summarized below.

This letter is issued pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2025-1, 2025-1 I.R.B. 1, and Rev. Proc.
2017-52, 2017-41 I.R.B. 283, as amplified and modified by Rev. Proc. 2024-24, 2024-21
I.R.B. 1214, regarding one or more “Covered Transactions” under
sections 355 and 368 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). This Office expresses
no opinion as to any issue not specifically addressed by the rulings below.

The rulings contained in this letter are based on facts and representations submitted by
the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement executed by an
appropriate party. This Office has not verified any of the materials submitted in support
of the request for rulings. Verification of the information, representations, and other data
may be required as part of the audit process.

This Office has made no determination regarding whether the Distribution (defined
below) satisfies the business purpose requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(b).

                                Summary of Facts

Distributing is a domestic, closely held corporation. Effective as of Date 1, Distributing
made an election under section 1362(a) to be treated as a subchapter S corporation
(within the meaning of section 1361(a)). Distributing has both voting and non-voting
stock outstanding. All of Distributing’s issued and outstanding stock is owned equally by
three related shareholders, Shareholder A, Shareholder B, and Shareholder C,
individually or through qualifying trusts.

Distributing conducts Business 1 through wholly owned (directly and indirectly through a
disregarded entity) Entity 1 and Business 2 through wholly owned Entity 2. Both Entity 1
and Entity 2 are disregarded as separate from Distributing for federal income tax
purposes. Distributing has submitted financial information in accordance with Rev. Proc.
2017-52 indicating that Business 1 and Business 2 had gross receipts and operating
expenses representing the active conduct of a trade or business for each of the past
five years.

                              Proposed Transaction

For what are represented to be valid business reasons, Distributing has or will
undertake the following steps:

1. Controlled was formed on Date 2.

2. Distributing will transfer all of its interest in Entity 1 to Controlled in exchange for
   all of the Controlled stock (the “Contribution”).

3. Immediately thereafter, Distributing will distribute the Controlled stock pro rata to
   Shareholders A, B, and C (the “Distribution”).

4. Controlled will timely elect under section 1362(a) to be treated as subchapter S
   corporation (within the meaning of section 1361(a)), to be effective as of the date
   of the Distribution.

Following the Distribution, Distributing and Controlled will have no overlapping directors
or officers. Further, Distributing and Controlled will engage in Continuing Arrangements,
which arrangements will be at arm’s-length terms. Controlled will implement its own
health insurance and 401(k) employee benefit plans following the Distribution. If
necessary, Distributing and Controlled will enter into a Transition Services Agreement
relating to benefits administration for a period not to exceed a years after the
Distribution.

                                Representations

Rev. Proc. 2017-52:

Except as otherwise provided below and except for the representations superseded by
Rev. Proc. 2024-24, Distributing makes all the representations in Section 3 of the
Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52 with respect to the Proposed Transaction.

Distributing has made the following alternative representations:

  Representations 3(a), 8(b), 11(a), 22(a), 31(a) and 41(b).

Distributing has not made the following representations, which do not apply to the
Proposed Transaction:

  Representations 7, 19, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40.

Distributing has made the following additional representations in lieu of Representation
14 in Rev. Proc. 2017-52:

  Additional Representation 1: There is no plan or intention by the shareholders or
  securityholders of Distributing to sell, exchange, transfer by gift or otherwise
  dispose of any of their stock in, or securities of, either Distributing or Controlled
  after the Distribution.

  Additional Representation 2: There is no plan or intention by Distributing or
  Controlled, directly or through any related person (within the meaning of section
  267(b) or section 707(b)(1)) to purchase any of its outstanding stock after the
  Distribution.

  Additional Representation 3: There is no plan or intention to liquidate either
  Distributing or Controlled, to merge either corporation with any other corporation,
  or to sell or otherwise dispose of the assets of either corporation after the
  Distribution, except in the ordinary course of business.

Distributing has made the following additional representations in lieu of Representation
15 in Rev. Proc. 2017-52:

  Additional Representation 4: Immediately after the Distribution, the fair market
  value of the business assets of each of Distributing and Controlled will be greater
  than 80 percent of the fair market value of its total assets. For this purpose, the
  term “business assets” of a corporation means its gross assets used in one or
  more businesses and all members of such corporation’s separate affiliated group
  (within the meaning of section 355(b)(3)(B)) are treated as one corporation. Such
  assets include cash and cash equivalents held as a reasonable amount of
  working capital for one or more businesses. Such assets also include assets
  required (by binding commitment or legal requirement) to be held to provide for
  exigencies related to a business or for regulatory purposes with respect to a
  business.

Distributing has made the following additional representation in lieu of Representation
29 in Rev. Proc. 2017-52:

  Additional Representation 5: There was no agreement, understanding,
  arrangement, or substantial negotiations at any point during the two-year period
  ending on the date of the distribution regarding an acquisition of either
  Distributing or Controlled (including a predecessor or successor within the
  meaning of § 1.355-8) or a similar acquisition.

Rev. Proc. 2024-24:

Except as set forth below, Distributing has made all of the representations in sections
3.03 and 3.05 of Rev. Proc. 2024-24 with respect to the Proposed Transaction.

Distributing has made the following alternative representation:

  Representation 15A

Distributing has not made the following representations, which do not apply to the
Proposed Transaction:

  Representations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and
  35.

Distributing has made the following modified representation:

  Representation 33: The Distributing Debt that Controlled is treated as assuming
  will be assumed by Controlled pursuant to the Proposed Transaction, there will
  be no separate agreement between Distributing and Controlled.

                                    Rulings

Based solely on the information submitted and the representations made, we rule as
follows with respect to the Proposed Transaction:

1. The Contribution together with the Distribution will constitute a “reorganization”
   within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(D). Distributing and Controlled will each be
   “a party to the reorganization” within the meaning of section 368(b).

2. Distributing will recognize no gain or loss on the Contribution. Sections 357(a) and
   361(a).

3. Controlled will recognize no gain or loss on the Contribution. Section 1032(a).

4. The basis of the assets received by Controlled in the Contribution will equal the
   basis of such assets in the hands of Distributing immediately before the Contribution.
   Section 362(b).

5. The holding period in each asset received by Controlled in the Contribution will
   include the period during which the asset was held by Distributing. Section 1223(2).

6. Distributing will recognize no gain or loss on the Distribution. Section 361(c).

7. Distributing’s shareholders will recognize no gain or loss (and no amount will be
   includable in their income) upon receipt of Controlled stock in the Distribution.
   Section 355(a).

8. The basis of the Distributing stock and Controlled stock in the hands of Distributing’s
   shareholders immediately after the Distribution will be the same as the basis of the
   Distributing stock held by Distributing’s shareholders immediately before the
   Distribution, allocated between Distributing stock and Controlled stock in proportion
   to the fair market value of each in accordance with Treas. Reg. § 1.358-2(a)(2).
   Section 358(b)(2) and (c).

9. The holding period of the Controlled stock received by each Distributing shareholder
   in the Distribution will include the holding period of the Distributing stock held by the
   shareholder with respect to which the Distribution is made, provided that the
   Distributing stock is held by the shareholder as a capital asset on the date of the
   Distribution. Section 1223(1).

10. Earnings and profits of Distributing will be allocated between Distributing and
    Controlled in accordance with section 312(h) and Treas. Reg. § 1.312-10(a).

11. Distributing’s accumulated adjustments account immediately before the transaction
    will be allocated between Distributing and Controlled in a manner similar to the
    manner in which Distributing’s earnings and profits will be allocated under section
    312(h). Treas. Reg. §§ 1.312-10(a) and 1368-2(d)(3).

12. Distributing’s momentary ownership of the stock of Controlled, as part of the
    reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(D), will not cause Controlled to have an
    ineligible shareholder for any portion of its first taxable year under section
    1361(b)(1)(B) and will not, in itself, render Controlled ineligible to elect to be an S
    corporation for its first taxable year. If Controlled otherwise meets the requirements
    of a small business corporation under section 1361, Controlled will be eligible to
    make a subchapter S election under section 1362(a) for its first taxable year,
    provided that such election is made effective immediately upon the Distribution.

                                      Caveats
    

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax treatment of the Proposed Transaction under any provision of the Code and
regulations or the tax treatment of any condition existing at the time of, or effects
resulting from, the Proposed Transaction that is not specifically covered by the above
rulings.

                              Procedural Statements

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayers requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the Code
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is relevant.
Alternatively, a taxpayer filing its return electronically may satisfy this requirement by
attaching a statement to its return that provides the date on and control number of the
letter ruling (PLR-109415-25).

Pursuant to the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is being
sent to your authorized representative.

                                Sincerely,



                           By: ______________________
                               Julie T. Wang
                               Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 2
                               Office of the Associate Chief Counsel, Corporate

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