Condominium association denied social welfare exemption

Plain-English summary

A condominium homeowners association applied for exemption as a social welfare organization under IRC § 501(c)(4). It collected assessments to maintain the condominium building and restricted its facilities and common areas to homeowners and their guests. The IRS concluded that these activities primarily benefited the association's members, not the broader community. It also found that the association did not serve an area resembling a governmental community and did not make its common areas available to the general public. The IRS therefore denied the application.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Did a condominium association that maintained member property and restricted common areas to residents and guests qualify under IRC § 501(c)(4)?
• Outcome: Denied
• Key authorities: IRC § 501(c)(4); Treas. Reg. § 1.501(c)(4)-1; Rev. Rul. 69-280; Rev. Rul. 74-17; Rev. Rul. 74-99; Flat Top Lake Association v. United States

Full text (IRS public release)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Tax Exempt and Government Entities

PO Box 2508

Cincinnati, OH 45201

Date:

04/29/2025

Employer ID number:

Person to contact:

Release Number: 202530010

Release Date: 7/25/2025

UIL Code: 501.04-00, 501.04-07

Dear

This letter is our final determination that you don't qualify for exemption from federal income tax under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 501(a) as an organization described in IRC Section 501(c)(4). Recently, we sent you a proposed adverse determination in response to your application. The proposed adverse determination explained the facts, law, and basis for our conclusion, and it gave you 30 days to file a protest. Because we didn't receive a protest within the required 30 days, the proposed determination is now final.

You must file the federal income tax forms for the tax years shown above within 30 days from the date of this letter unless you request an extension of time to file. For further instructions, forms, and information, visit www.irs.gov.

We'll make this final adverse determination letter and the proposed adverse determination letter available for public inspection after deleting certain identifying information, as required by IRC Section 6110. Read the enclosed Letter 437, Notice of Intention to Disclose - Rulings, and review the two attached letters that show our proposed deletions. If you disagree with our proposed deletions, follow the instructions in the Letter 437 on how to notify us. If you agree with our deletions, you don't need to take any further action.

If you have questions about this letter, you can call the contact person shown above. If you have questions about your federal income tax status and responsibilities, call our customer service number at 800-829-1040 (TTY 800-829-4933 for deaf or hard of hearing) or customer service for businesses at 800-829-4933.

Sincerely,

Stephen A. Martin

Director, Exempt Organizations

Rulings and Agreements

Enclosures:

Letter 437

Redacted Letter 4034

Redacted Letter 4038

Letter 4038 (Rev. 11-2021)

Catalog Number 47632S

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

PO Box 2508

Cincinnati, OH 45201

Date:

04/29/2025

Employer ID number:

Person to contact:

Name

ID number:

Telephone:

Fax:

Legend:

B = Date

C = State

UIL:

501.04-00

501.04-07

Dear

We considered your application for recognition of exemption from federal income tax under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 501(a). We determined that you don’t qualify for exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4). This letter explains the reasons for our conclusion. Please keep it for your records.

Issues

Do you qualify for exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4)? No, for the reasons stated below.

Facts

You were established on B in C as a mutual benefit corporation. Your Articles of Incorporation state that you were formed to manage a common interest development. Both your application and Articles state that you are formed for purpose of functioning as homeowners association to manage the maintenance and preservation of a condominium development. Your application also states you were formed for the purpose of seeking exemption from a specific state fee.

Your community consists of condominium units and common areas. Your members are the individual homeowners of the properties. Each homeowner owns their respective property, including the land and any structures on it, subject to any covenants, conditions, and restrictions that may be in place. Regarding voting rights, you operate on a one-property, one-vote basis. Each homeowner, regardless of the size or value of their property, is entitled to one vote in association matters. Additionally, in the future you may also own and maintain common areas, such as parks, sidewalks, streets, or community facilities. The ownership of these common areas is typically held collectively by you on behalf of all members.

Your Bylaws stipulate that you, rather than individual owners, bear the responsibility for maintenance, repair, modification, replacement, and alteration of the common area of the condominium development. The items delineated in the exhibit state that there is a requirement for you to perform maintenance on the condominium building. This maintenance includes the application of paint, stain, or waterproofing to the exterior surface, upkeep of the building's exterior stucco surfaces, as well as the repair and replacement of roofs, gutters, and downspouts of the building.

You said have implemented restrictions on access to your facilities and common areas, but you didn’t describe the nature of the restrictions. You indicated that the restrictions are in place to ensure the safety, security, and enjoyment of these areas for your homeowners and their authorized guests. Access to your facilities and common areas is typically limited to homeowners and their invited guests, and your governing documents outline the rules and regulations related to their use.

Your revenue is derived from member assessments to cover their portion of common expenses.
Law

IRC Section 501(c)(4) provides for the exemption from federal income tax of civic leagues or organizations not
organized for profit but operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare, or local associations of
employees, the membership of which is limited to the employees of a designated person or persons in a
particular municipality, and the net earnings of which are devoted exclusively to charitable, educational, or
recreational purposes.

IRC Section 501(c)(4)(A) provides for the exemption from federal income tax of organizations not organized
for profit but operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare.

IRC Section 501(c)(4)(B) provides that Section 501(c)(4)(A) shall not apply to an entity unless no part of the
net earnings of such entity inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.

Treasury Regulation Section 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(1) states an organization may be exempt if: (i) it is not operated
for profit and (ii) it is operated exclusively for promoting social welfare.

Treas. Reg. Section 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(2)(i) provides that an organization is operated exclusively for the
promotion of social welfare if it is primarily engaged in promoting in some way the common good and general
welfare of the people of the community. An organization embraced within this section is one, which is operated
primarily for the purpose of bringing about civic betterments and social improvements.

Revenue Ruling 69-280, 1969-1 C.B. 152, describes an organization was formed to provide maintenance of
exterior walls and roofs of homes of members who owned houses in a development. It was held that the
organization was operated primarily for the private benefit of members and not operated primarily for the
common good and general welfare of the people of the community. The services provided to members included
maintenance of the exterior walls and roofs of the individual units. If a person purchases a unit in the housing
development, he is required to become a member of the organization. The organization is supported entirely by
annual dues charged members. The dues are based on the estimated expenses of the organization plus an
amount for reserves to cover large expenditures, such as replacement of roofs

Rev. Rul. 74-17, 1974-1 C.B. 130, describes an organization that was formed by the unit owners of a
condominium housing project to provide for the management, maintenance, and care of the common areas of
the project as defined by state statute with membership assessments paid by the unit owners does not qualify for

Letter 4034 (Rev. 01-2021)
Catalog Number 47628K

3

exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4). Condominium ownership involves ownership in common by all
condominium unit owners of a great many so-called common areas, the maintenance and care of which
necessarily constitutes the provision of private benefits for the unit owners. Since the organization's activities
are for the private benefit of its members, it cannot be said to be operated exclusively for the promotion of
social welfare.

Rev. Rul. 74-99, 1974-1 C.B. 131, held that a homeowners association, to qualify for exemption under section
501(c)(4) of the Code, (1) must serve a “community” which bears a reasonable recognizable relationship to an
area ordinarily identified as governmental, (2) it must not conduct activities directed to the exterior maintenance
of private residences, and (3) the common areas or facilities it owns and maintains must be for the use and
enjoyment of the general public; association of such areas as roadways and parklands, sidewalks and
streetlights, access to, or the enjoyment of which is extended to members of the general public, as distinguished
from controlled use or access restricted to the members of the homeowners association.

In Flat Top Lake Association v. United States, 868 F.2d 108 (1989 4th Circuit), the Court held that a
homeowner’s association did not qualify for exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4) when it did not benefit a
“community” bearing a recognizable relationship to a governmental unit and when its common areas or
facilities were not for the use and enjoyment of the general public.

Application of law

You are not described in IRC Section 501(c)(4) and Treas. Reg. Section 1.501(c)(4)-1 because you are not
operated primarily for the promotion of social welfare. You are formed to provide maintenance of privately
owned condominium units for the benefit of your members. The common areas and facilities are inaccessible by
the general public. Section 501(c)(4)(B) provides that you aren’t considered to be promoting social welfare as
described in Section 501(c)(4)(A) if your net earnings inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or
individual. Your activities exclusively benefit your members and their guests and are not for the social welfare
of the public. Accordingly, you are precluded from exemption under Section 501(c)(4).

You are not described in Treas. Reg. Section 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(2)(i) because your only activity is gathering funds
for the repair and maintenance of six condominium units for the exclusive use and benefit of your members and
their guests. Treas. Reg. 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(1) defines social welfare as primarily being engaged in promoting in
some way the common good and general welfare of the people of the community. Your focus lies not in
promoting the common good and general welfare of the community, but rather in meeting the needs of the
condominium owners that occupy the building for which you provide maintenance services.

Like the organization described in Rev. Rul. 69-280, your maintenance of the condominium building through
activities such as painting, staining, waterproofing, as well as providing upkeep to the roofs, gutters, and
downspouts, benefits your members and not the common good and general welfare of the broader community.

Rev. Rul. 74-17 provides an example of an organization that failed to qualify for exemption from federal
income tax because it was formed solely to provide for the management and maintenance of condominium
housing project. Like that organization, you are a condominium association formed to manage and maintain the
commons areas of a building. The common areas are only available to the persons residing in the building and
their guests. And like the organization described in Rev. Rul. 74-17, you too are operating for the private
interests of your members.

Letter 4034 (Rev. 01-2021)
Catalog Number 47628K

4

Rev. Rul. 74-99 delineates the requirements that must be satisfied for a homeowners association to qualify for
exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4). A homeowners association is mandated to serve a “community” that
exhibits a reasonable identifiable connection to an area that is conventionally recognized as governmental.
Since your activities are predominantly focused on providing upkeep to spaces that are inaccessible to the
public, you do not serve a "community."

Similar to the organization in Flat Top Lake Association, you do not serve a "community" which bears a
reasonable recognizable relationship to an area ordinarily identified as governmental and you maintain areas
that are for the exclusive use of your member property owners, rather than the general public.

Conclusion
You are formed to provide services for the benefit of your members and not for the social welfare or common
good of the community. Accordingly, you do not qualify for exemption under IRC Section 501(c)(4).

If you agree

If you agree with our proposed adverse determination, you don’t need to do anything. If we don’t hear from
you within 30 days, we’ll issue a final adverse determination letter. That letter will provide information on
your income tax filing requirements.

If you don't agree
You have a right to protest if you don’t agree with our proposed adverse determination. To do so, send us a
protest within 30 days of the date of this letter. You must include:

• Your name, address, employer identification number (EIN), and a daytime phone number
• A statement of the facts, law, and arguments supporting your position

• A statement indicating whether you are requesting an Appeals Office conference

• The signature of an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the
  organization or your authorized representative

• The following declaration:

For an officer, director, trustee, or other official who is authorized to sign for the organization:
Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this request, or this modification to the
request, including accompanying documents, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the request
or the modification contains all relevant facts relating to the request, and such facts are true, correct,
and complete.

Your representative (attorney, certified public accountant, or other individual enrolled to practice before the
IRS) must file a Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, with us if they haven’t
already done so. You can find more information about representation in Publication 947, Practice Before the
IRS and Power of Attorney.

We’ll review your protest statement and decide if you gave us a basis to reconsider our determination. If so,
we'll continue to process your case considering the information you provided. If you haven’t given us a basis
for reconsideration, we'll send your case to the Appeals Office and notify you. You can find more information
in Publication 892, How to Appeal an IRS Determination on Tax-Exempt Status.

If you don’t file a protest within 30 days, you can’t seek a declaratory judgment in court later because the

Letter 4034 (Rev. 01-2021)
Catalog Number 47628K

5
law requires that you use the IRC administrative process first (IRC Section 7428(b)(2)).

Where to send your protest
Send your protest, Form 2848, if applicable, and any supporting documents to the applicable address:

U.S. mail: Street address for delivery service:
Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service

EO Determinations Quality Assurance EO Determinations Quality Assurance
Mail Stop 6403 550 Main Street, Mail Stop 6403

PO Box 2508 Cincinnati, OH 45202

Cincinnati, OH 45201

You can also fax your protest and supporting documents to the fax number listed at the top of this letter. If you
fax your statement, please contact the person listed at the top of this letter to confirm that they received it.

You can get the forms and publications mentioned in this letter by visiting our website at www.irs.gov/forms-pubs
or by calling 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676). If you have questions, you can contact the person listed at
the top of this letter.

Contacting the Taxpayer Advocate Service

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the IRS that can help protect your
taxpayer rights. TAS can offer you help if your tax problem is causing a hardship, or if you’ve tried but haven’t
been able to resolve your problem with the IRS. If you qualify for TAS assistance, which is always free, TAS
will do everything possible to help you. Visit www.taxpayeradvocate.irs.gov or call 877-777-4778.

Sincerely,

Stephen A. Martin
Director, Exempt Organizations
Rulings and Agreements

Letter 4034 (Rev. 01-2021)
Catalog Number 47628K