Descendant trusts preserve a trust's GST tax exemption

Plain-English summary

A trust established under a pre-October 22, 1986 revocable trust sought to change how shares for more remote descendants would be held. Property that otherwise could pass outright would instead remain in separate lifetime trusts. Each beneficiary would receive a testamentary general power of appointment, and each trust would have to end within the original perpetuities period measured from the settlor's death. The IRS concluded that the changes would not shift a beneficial interest to a lower generation or extend the time for vesting beyond the original trust terms. Because the settlor died before 1987 and no later additions had been made, the modification would not cause the trust to lose its generation-skipping transfer tax exemption. The ruling did not address other tax consequences of the modification.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Will the court-approved modification of a grandfathered trust cause it to lose GST tax exemption?
• Outcome: Approved. The modification does not cause the trust to lose GST-exempt status or otherwise become subject to GST tax.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 2601, 2611, 2041(a)(2), 2652(a)(1); Treas. Reg. § 26.2601-1(b)(2), (b)(4).

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202518008 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 5/2/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 2601.00-00
Person To Contact:
------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------, ID No. -----------------
------------------------ Telephone Number:
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------------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
--------------- CC:PT&E:B04
------------------------------------------- PLR-114158-24
Date:
February 04, 2025
In Re: ----------------------------------------------------

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Legend

Trust = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Trust A = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Settlor = -------------------------------
Spouse = ----------------------------
Daughter = --------------------------
Son = ------------------------------------
Date 1 = -------------------------
Date 2 = -------------------
Date 3 = --------------------
Date 4 = -----------------------
Date 5 = ----------------
Date 6 = --------------------------
Date 7 = ---------------------
Date 8 = --------------------------
Date 9 = --------------------------
State Statute 1 = ----------------------------
State Statute 2 = ----------------------------
State = ------------------
Court = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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PLR-114158-24 2

Dear ------------------------------------------------------:

   This letter responds to your authorized representative’s letter dated July 31,

2024, requesting a ruling concerning the federal generation-skipping transfer (GST)
consequences of the proposed modification of Trust A.
The facts and representations submitted are summarized as follows:

   On Date 1, Settlor established Trust, a revocable inter vivos trust, that Settlor

subsequently restated on Date 2 and amended on Date 3, all prior to October 22, 1986.
Settlor died on Date 4, a date before January 1, 1987, at which time Trust became
irrevocable. Settlor was survived by Spouse and his descendants, including Daughter
and her descendants, and Son. It is represented that no additions have been made to
Trust after Date 4. Spouse died on Date 5. Son died on Date 6. At the present time,
Daughter is living.

   After Settlor’s death, certain trusts formed under Trust were maintained for

Spouse’s benefit during Spouse’s life. After Spouse’s death, the remainder of Trust
passed to Trust A, a trust established under Article Three (B) of Trust for the benefit of
Settlor’s descendants.

    Article Three (B) provides that upon the death of Settlor’s children, the remainder

of Trust A will be held in further trust for Settlor’s grandchildren and more remote
descendants, with each grandchild’s share held as a separate trust. The share of any
deceased grandchild will be distributed outright to such grandchild’s descendants. The
trustee of each grandchild’s trust may distribute income and principal to such grandchild
for their welfare, comfortable support, and education. Twenty-one years following the
death of the survivor of all Settlor’s descendants living at his death, each grandchild
may withdraw all of the principal of such grandchild’s trust. Upon the death of each
grandchild, the remainder of such grandchild’s trust will be distributed according to the
grandchild’s exercise of a limited power of appointment. If such grandchild does not
exercise the limited power of appointment, the unappointed principal of such
grandchild’s trust will be distributed outright to the grandchild’s descendants.

   On Date 7, the living beneficiaries of Trust A executed a nonjudicial settlement

agreement to modify the terms of Trust A, effective upon the issuance of a favorable
private letter ruling. On Date 8, the trustees of Trust A petitioned Court to approve the
nonjudicial settlement agreement, and, on Date 9, Court issued an order approving the
nonjudicial settlement agreement.

The relevant provisions of Trust A, as modified by the Date 9 order, are

summarized as follows:

   Article Three (B), as modified, provides that upon the death of Settlor’s children,

the remainder of Trust A is held in further trust for Settlor’s grandchildren and more
remote descendants, with each grandchild’s share held as a separate trust. The share

PLR-114158-24 3

of any deceased grandchild is further divided into subshares to be held as a separate
trust for each of such grandchild’s descendants and administered under subparagraph
(2-A). The trustee of each grandchild’s trust may distribute income and principal to such
grandchild for their welfare, comfortable support, and education. Twenty-one years
following the death of the survivor of all Settlor’s descendants living at his death, each
grandchild may withdraw all of the principal of his respective trust. Upon the death of
each grandchild, the remainder of such grandchild’s trust will be distributed according to
the grandchild’s exercise of a limited power of appointment, but such power may not be
exercised so as to extend the trust beyond the allowable perpetuities period as
measured from the Settlor's death. If such grandchild does not exercise the limited
power of appointment, the unappointed principal of such grandchild’s trust is further
divided into subshares to be held as a separate trust for each of such grandchild’s
descendants and administered under subparagraph (2-A).

   Article Three (B), as modified, adds new subparagraph (2-A). Subparagraph (2-

A) provides that the trustee of each trust held for a descendant of a grandchild of Settlor
may distribute income and principal to such beneficiary for their welfare, comfortable
support, and education. Twenty-one years following the death of the survivor of all
Settlor’s descendants living at his death, the beneficiary may withdraw all of the
principal of such beneficiary’s trust. Upon the death of each beneficiary, the remainder
of such beneficiary’s trust will be distributed according to the beneficiary’s exercise of a
general power of appointment, but such power may not be exercised so as to extend
the trust beyond the allowable perpetuities period as measured from the Settlor's death.
If such beneficiary does not exercise the general power of appointment, the
unappointed principal of such beneficiary’s trust is further divided into subshares to be
held as a separate trust for each of such beneficiary’s descendants and administered
under subparagraph (2-A).

    You have requested a ruling that the proposed modification of the terms of Trust

A will not cause Trust A to lose GST-exempt status or otherwise become subject to the
GST tax.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

   Section 2601 imposes a tax on every GST, which is defined under § 2611 as a

taxable distribution, a taxable termination, and a direct skip.

   Under § 1433(a) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the GST tax is generally

applicable to generation-skipping transfers made after October 22, 1986. However,
under § 1433(b)(2)(B) of the Tax Reform Act and § 26.2601-1(b)(2)(i) of the Generation-
Skipping Transfer Tax Regulations, the tax does not apply to any transfer under a will or
revocable trust executed before October 22, 1986, provided that the document in
existence on October 21, 1986 is not amended after October 21, 1986, and no addition
is made to the revocable trust after October 21, 1986, in any respect which results in the

PLR-114158-24 4

creation of, or an increase in the amount of, a generation-skipping transfer, and the
decedent dies before January 1, 1987.

    Section 26.2601-1(b)(4)(i) provides rules for determining when a modification,

judicial construction, settlement agreement, or trustee action with respect to a trust that
is exempt from the GST tax under § 26.2601-1(b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3), will not cause the
trust to lose its exempt status. The rules of § 26.2601-1(b)(4) are applicable only for
purposes of determining whether an exempt trust retains its exempt status for GST tax
purposes. The rules do not apply in determining, for example, whether the transaction
results in a gift subject to gift tax, or may cause the trust to be included in the gross
estate of a beneficiary, or may result in the realization of capital gain for purposes of
§ 1001.

    Section 26.2601-1(b)(4)(i)(D)(1) provides that a modification of the governing

instrument of an exempt trust by judicial reformation, or nonjudicial reformation that is
valid under applicable state law, will not cause an exempt trust to be subject to the
provisions of chapter 13, if the modification does not shift a beneficial interest in the
trust to any beneficiary who occupies a lower generation (as defined in § 2651) than the
person or persons who held the beneficial interest prior to the modification, and the
modification does not extend the time for vesting of any beneficial interest in the trust
beyond the period provided for in the original trust. A modification of an exempt trust
will result in a shift in a beneficial interest to a lower generation beneficiary if the
modification can result in either an increase in the amount of a GST or the creation of a
new GST.

    Section 2041(a)(2) provides that the value of the gross estate shall include the

value of all property to the extent of any property with respect to which the decedent has
at the time of his death a general power of appointment created after October 21, 1942,
or with respect to which the decedent has at any time exercised or released such a
power of appointment by a disposition which is of such nature that if it were a transfer of
property owned by the decedent, such property would be includible in the decedent’s
gross estate under sections 2035 to 2038, inclusive.

   Section 2652(a)(1) provides that the term transferor means, in the case of any

property subject to the tax imposed by chapter 11, the decedent, and in the case of any
property subject to the tax imposed by chapter 12, the donor. An individual shall be
treated as transferring any property with respect to which such individual is the
transferor.

    State Statute 1 provides, in pertinent part, that all beneficiaries, all trustees and

other persons, if any, who have an interest in a matter relating to a trust may enter into
a binding nonjudicial settlement agreement with respect to the matter. Matters that may
be resolved by nonjudicial settlement agreement include the modification or termination
of a trust. Any beneficiary or trustee of a trust may request the court to approve a
nonjudicial settlement agreement.

PLR-114158-24 5

   State Statute 2 provides, in pertinent part, that a noncharitable irrevocable trust

may be modified upon the consent of all the beneficiaries only if the court concludes
that the modification is not inconsistent with a material purpose of the trust.

  In the present case, Trust was a revocable trust that was executed before

October 22, 1986, and was not amended after October 21, 1986. Settlor died before
January 1, 1987. You have represented that no additions, constructive or actual, have
been made to Trust A after Date 4, the date that Trust A became irrevocable.

   After the proposed modifications, Daughter and Daughter’s descendants have

the same interests they had before the proposed modifications, except that Trust A
property that would have been distributed free from trust to a beneficiary may or will be
retained in separate trust for the sole lifetime benefit of such beneficiary. With respect
to each such trust, the beneficiary is granted a testamentary general power of
appointment under § 2041(a)(2) over the trust, and each such trust must terminate and
vest within the period prescribed by State’s rule against perpetuities.

   For transfer tax purposes, the grant of the testamentary general power of

appointment will cause the beneficiary’s trust to be includible in the gross estate of the
beneficiary at his or her death under § 2041(a)(2), and the beneficiary will be the
transferor of the trust for GST tax purposes under § 2652(a)(1). Therefore, with respect
to these provisions, the proposed modifications to Trust A will not cause a shift of a
beneficial interest to a lower generation beneficiary nor extend the time for vesting of
any beneficial interest beyond the period provided for in the original trust.

  Accordingly, based on the facts submitted and the representations made, we

conclude that the proposed modifications of Trust A pursuant to the Date 9 order do not
cause Trust A to lose GST-exempt status or otherwise become subject to the GST tax.

  In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, we have sent a

copy of this letter to your authorized representatives.

   Except as expressly provided herein, we neither express nor imply any opinion

concerning the tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or
referenced in this letter.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and

representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the request for rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

 A copy of this letter should be attached to any gift, estate, or GST tax returns that

you may file relating to this matter.

PLR-114158-24 6

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3)

provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

                                               Sincerely,

                                               Associate Chief Counsel
                                               Passthroughs, Trusts, and Estates



                                               _________________________
                                      By:      Daniel J. Gespass
                                               Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 4
                                               Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                               (Passthroughs, Trusts, and Estates)

Enclosure
Copy for § 6110 purposes

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