Late ESBT elections caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

Plain-English summary

After two shareholders died, their S corporation stock passed to two trusts that qualified to elect treatment as electing small business trusts. The trustees did not timely make the ESBT elections, causing the corporation’s S election to terminate when the trusts became ineligible shareholders. The IRS found the termination inadvertent and treated the corporation as continuously maintaining S status and the trusts as ESBTs from the transfer date. Within 120 days, each trustee must file the missing ESBT election and the corporation and trustees must file or amend returns and make adjustments reflecting ESBT treatment for the affected years. Failure to meet those conditions makes the ruling void and requires notice that the S election terminated.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the corporation retain S status despite the trusts’ failure to timely elect ESBT treatment?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to filing the elections and corrective returns within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(c), 1361(e), 1362(d), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202511005 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 3/14/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
--------------------------------------- -----------------------------, ID No. -------------
-------------------------------------------------- -----------------
----------------------- Telephone Number:
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-------------------------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:01
PLR-111088-24
Date:
December 10, 2024

LEGEND

X = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------

A = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------

B = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------

Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------

Trust 3 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------

State = --------

Date 1 = -----------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Date 3 = -----------------------

Date 4 = --------------------------
PLR-111088-24 2

Date 5 = --------------------------

Year = -------

Dear ------------------:

This letter responds to a letter dated June 3, 2024, and subsequent correspondence,
submitted on behalf of X by its authorized representative, requesting relief under
§ 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

FACTS

According to the information submitted and representations made, X was organized on
Date 1 under the laws of State. X elected to be treated as an S corporation effective
Date 2.

A and B, individuals, held shares of X. On Date 3, A died, and A’s shares of X were
transferred to Trust 1 pursuant to the terms of A’s will. Trust 1 made a timely QSST election.
On Date 4, B died and per the terms of A and B’s separate wills, B’s shares of X and the
shares of X held in Trust 1 were each divided equally and transferred to Trust 2 and Trust 3
on Date 5.

X represents that Trust 2 and Trust 3 qualified to elect to be treated as Electing Small
Business Trusts as of Date 5. However, the trustees of Trust2 and Trust 3 failed to
make timely ESBT elections under § 1361(e)(3), thereby causing X’s S corporation
election to be ineffective.

X represents that X and its shareholders have filed tax returns consistent with being an S
corporation for all relevant periods. X further represents that the circumstances resulting in
the termination of its S corporation election were inadvertent and were not motivated by tax
avoidance or retroactive tax planning. X and its shareholders have agreed to make
adjustments consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation, as may be required by
the Secretary.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to any
taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is in
effect for the year.
PLR-111088-24 3

Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic corporation
which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more than 100
shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an
individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than one
class of stock.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT may
be an S corporation shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that a trust which was described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i)
immediately before the death of the deemed owner and which continues in existence
after such death, but only for the 2-year period beginning on the day of the deemed
owner's death is a permissible shareholder.

Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that an ESBT means any trust if (i) such trust does not
have as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate, (III) an
organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization described in
§ 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a potential current
beneficiary; (ii) no interest in such trust was acquired by purchase; and (iii) an election
under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

Section 1361(e)(1)(B) provides that an ESBT does not include (i) any qualified
subchapter S trust (as defined in § 1361(d)(3)) if an election under § 1361(d)(2) applies
to any corporation the stock of which is held by such trust, (ii) any trust exempt from tax
under subtitle A, and (iii) any charitable remainder annuity trust or charitable remainder
unitrust (as defined in § 664(d)).

Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by the
trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made and
all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides, in part, that the
trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service
center where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement that meets the
requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the ESBT
election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a QSST
election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day that the
stock is transferred to the trust).

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
PLR-111088-24 4

corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) provides that any termination under § 1362(d)(2)(A)
is effective on and after the date of cessation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b) or
to obtain shareholder consents or was terminated under § 1362(d)(2), (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were
inadvertent, (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the
circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that
the corporation for which the election was made or the termination occurred is a small
business corporation or to acquire the required shareholder consents, and (4) the
corporation for which the election was made or the termination occurred, and each
person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period
specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the
treatment of such corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary
with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such
ineffectiveness or termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation
during the period specified by the Secretary.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the information submitted and the representations made, we conclude
that X's S corporation election terminated on Date 5 when Trust 2 and Trust 3 became
ineligible shareholders.

We further conclude that the circumstances resulting in the termination of X's S
corporation election were inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Accordingly,
pursuant to the provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an S
corporation beginning on and after Date 5, and thereafter, provided that X's S
corporation election was valid and was not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d) for
reasons not addressed in this letter.

We additionally conclude that Trust 2 and Trust 3 will be treated as ESBTs from Date 5
and thereafter. This letter is contingent on the following conditions that must occur
within 120 days of the date of this letter (1) the trustees of Trust 2 and Trust 3 must
each file an election to treat Trust 2 and Trust 3 as ESBTs, effective Date 5, with the
appropriate service center, and (2) X and the trustees of Trust 2 and Trust 3, must file
any original or amended returns and making adjustments to properly reflect the
treatment of the trusts as ESBTs for Year and all subsequent taxable years. A copy of
this letter should be attached to each ESBT election and return.
PLR-111088-24 5

If the conditions are not met, this ruling is null and void. In addition, if these conditions
are not met, X must notify the service center with which it filed its S corporation election
that its election terminated on Date 5.

Except as specifically ruled above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding whether X is otherwise
eligible to be an S corporation or whether Trust 2 and Trust 3 are otherwise eligible to
be ESBTs.

The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations
submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification upon examination.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the
Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending copies of
this letter to X's authorized representative.

                                      Sincerely,

                                      Holly Porter
                                      Associate Chief Counsel
                                      (Passthroughs & Special Industries)



                                By:
                                      Jennifer N. Keeney
                                      Senior Counsel, Branch 1
                                      Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                      (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure
Copy of letter for § 6110 purposes

   cc: