Late ESBT election caused an inadvertent S termination

Plain-English summary

An S corporation’s stock was held by a grantor trust that remained an eligible shareholder for two years after its owner died. The stock then passed to a second trust that qualified as an electing small business trust, but its trustee did not timely make the ESBT election. That made the trust an ineligible shareholder and terminated the corporation’s S election. The IRS found the termination inadvertent and treated the corporation as continuously maintaining S status from the transfer date. The relief is conditioned on the trustee filing a retroactive ESBT election within 120 days. The ruling does not determine whether the corporation or trust otherwise qualifies.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the corporation retain S status despite the trustee’s failure to timely elect ESBT treatment?
• Outcome: Approved, conditioned on a retroactive ESBT election within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(c), 1361(e), 1362(d), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202510002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 3/7/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1362.04-00
Person To Contact:
--------------- ----------------------, ID No. -----------------
--------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
-------------------------- --------------------
Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B03
PLR-110736-24
Date:
December 03, 2024

LEGEND

X = ---------------

State = ----------------

Date 1 = -----------------------

Date 2 = --------------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = -------------------------

Date 5 = ----------------------

Trust 1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------

A = --------------------
PLR-110736-24 2

Dear --------------:

    This letter responds to a letter dated May 21, 2024, submitted on behalf of X by

its authorized representatives requesting a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal
Revenue Code (Code).
FACTS

   The information submitted states that X was incorporated on Date 1, under the

laws of State. On Date 1, A, an individual, owned all shares of stock in X. On Date 2, A
transferred all shares of X to Trust 1. Effective Date 3, X elected to be taxed as an S
corporation. Trust 1 was treated under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1
as entirely owned by A, and, thus, a permissible shareholder of X under
§ 1361(c)(2)(A)(i). A died on Date 4. Trust 1 no longer owned any shares of X at the
end of the 2-year period beginning on Date 4 described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii).

   On Date 5, the trustee of Trust 1 transferred its X shares to Trust 2. As of Date

5, X represents that Trust 2 qualified as an electing small business trust (ESBT) within
the meaning of § 1361(e), but the trustee of Trust 2 failed to make a timely ESBT
election under § 1361(e)(3) for Trust 2. Therefore, Trust 2 was not an eligible S
corporation shareholder and as a result, X’s S corporation election terminated on
Date 5.

   X represents that the circumstances resulting in the termination of its S

corporation election were inadvertent and were not motivated by tax avoidance.
Additionally, X represents that X and its shareholders filed all returns consistent with X’s
status as an S corporation. X and its shareholder agreed to make any adjustments
(consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation) as may be required by the
Secretary.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is
in effect for such year.

    Section 1361(b)(1) provides that a “small business corporation” means a

domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
a trust described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is
not an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more
than 1 class of stock.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1) as owned by
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be a shareholder of
PLR-110736-24 3

an S corporation. Section 1361(c)(2)(B)(i) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1), in
the case of a trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), the deemed owner shall be treated as
the shareholder.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(ii) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust

which was described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) immediately before the death of the deemed
owner and which continues in existence after such death, may be an S corporation
shareholder, but only for the 2-year period beginning on the day of the deemed owner’s
death.

 Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT

may be an S corporation shareholder.

   Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that, except as provided in § 1361(e)(1)(B), the

term “electing small business trust” means any trust if (i) such trust does not have as a
beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate, (III) an organization
described in § 170(c)(2)-(5), or (IV) an organization described in § 170(c)(1) which holds
a contingent interest in such trust and is not a potential current beneficiary, (ii) no
interest in such trust was acquired by purchase, and (iii) an election under § 1361(e)
applies to such trust.

   Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by

the trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made
and subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

    Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides, in relevant

part, that the trustee of an ESBT must make the ESBT election by signing and filing,
with the service center where the S corporation files its income tax return, a statement
that meets the requirements of § 1.1361-2(m)(2)(ii).

   Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the trustee of an ESBT must file the

ESBT election within the time requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a
QSST election (generally within the 16-day-and-2-month period beginning on the day
that the stock is transferred to the trust).

  Section 1362(a)(1) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small

business corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

  Section 1362(d)(2) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be

terminated whenever the corporation ceases to be a small business corporation. A
termination of an S corporation under § 1362(d)(2) is effective on and after the date of
cessation.
PLR-110736-24 4

    Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a)

by any corporation was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3); (2) the Secretary
determines that the circumstances resulting in such termination were inadvertent; (3) no
later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances resulting in
the termination, steps were taken so that the corporation for which the termination
occurred is a small business corporation; and (4) the corporation for which the
termination occurred, and each person who was a shareholder of the corporation at any
time during the period specified under § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments
(consistent with the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation) as may be
required by the Secretary for that period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances
resulting in such termination, the corporation shall be treated as an S corporation during
the period specified by the Secretary.

                                  CONCLUSION

    Based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that

X’s S corporation terminated on Date 5, when ineligible shareholder Trust 2 received
shares of X. We further conclude that the termination of X’s S election was inadvertent
within the meaning of § 1362(f). Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of § 1362(f), X
will be treated as an S corporation effective Date 5, and thereafter, provided X’s S
corporation election is valid and not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d).

   This relief is contingent on the trustee of Trust 2 filing within 120 days from the

date of this letter an ESBT election effective Date 5, for Trust 2 with the appropriate
service center. A copy of this letter should be attached to the election.

   Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion

concerning the federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other
provision of the Code and the regulations thereunder. Specifically, we express or imply
no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an S corporation or Trust 2’s eligibility to be an
ESBT.

   The ruling contained in this letter is based upon information and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury statement executed
by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted
in support of the requested ruling, it is subject to verification on examination.

   This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer that requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)

of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

  In accordance with a power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a

copy of this letter to X’s authorized representatives.
PLR-110736-24 5

                                                Sincerely,

                                                Richard T. Probst

                                                _______________________________
                                                Richard T. Probst
                                                Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                                Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                                (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure
Copy for § 6110 purposes

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