IRS grants relief to make a late corporate-classification election and a late S corporation election for an LLC

Plain-English summary

An LLC formed under state law intended to be taxed as an S corporation starting on a specific date. For an LLC to be an S corporation, it must do two things: first elect to be treated as a corporation (an "association") for tax purposes, and then elect S status. Normally, filing a timely Form 2553 (the S election) is automatically treated as also making the corporate-classification election. Here the LLC never filed a Form 2553 or a Form 8832 (the classification election) on time, so neither election was made. The LLC asked the IRS for relief. The IRS granted two things: (1) an extension of 120 days under the "9100" regulations to file a Form 8832 electing to be classified as a corporation effective the intended date; and (2) reasonable-cause relief under section 1362(b)(5) for the late S election, so that a Form 2553 filed within 120 days will be treated as timely. The IRS did not decide whether the LLC otherwise qualifies to be an S corporation, and expressed no opinion on any late-filing penalties.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May an LLC that failed to timely elect corporate classification and S status get an extension to file Form 8832 and reasonable-cause relief for a late S election?
• Outcome: approved
• Key authorities: IRC § 1362(b)(5) (late S election reasonable-cause relief); IRC § 1361(b); Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3 (including 301.7701-3(c)(1)(v)(C)); Treas. Reg. §§ 301.9100-1 and 301.9100-3

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202439003
Release Date: 9/27/2024
Index Numbers: 1362.01-03, 9100.31-00

Third Party Communication: None
Date of Communication: Not Applicable

Person To Contact:
----------------------, ID No. -----------------
Telephone Number:

Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B03
PLR-100652-24

Date:
June 28, 2024

LEGEND

X = [redacted]

State = [redacted]

Date = [redacted]

Dear --------------:

   This letter responds to a letter dated November 6, 2023, and subsequent

correspondences submitted on behalf of X by its authorized representative, requesting
that the Service grant to X an extension of time under § 301.9100-3 of the Procedure
and Administration Regulations to file an election to be classified as an association
taxable as a corporation for federal tax purposes under § 301.7701-3, and relief to file a
late S corporation election under § 1362(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).

                                         FACTS

   According to the information submitted, X was formed as a limited liability

company under the laws of State on Date. X intended to elect to be classified
as an association taxable as a corporation and to elect to be treated as an S corporation
for federal tax purposes, with both elections effective Date. However, X failed to file
Form 2553, Election by a Small Business Corporation, including the deemed election to
be classified as an association taxable as a corporation under § 301.7701-3(c)(1)(v)(C)
or any separate Form 8832, Entity Classification Election, effective Date.

                               LAW AND ANALYSIS

    Section 301.7701-3(a) provides that a business entity that is not classified as a

corporation under § 301.7701-2(b)(1), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), or (8) (an eligible entity) can
elect its classification for federal tax purposes. An eligible entity with at least two
members can elect to be classified as either an association (and thus a corporation
under § 301.7701-2(b)) or a partnership. Elections are necessary only when an
eligible entity chooses to be classified initially as other than the default classification or
when an eligible entity chooses to change its classification.

     Section 301.7701-3(b)(1) provides that unless the entity elects otherwise, a

domestic eligible entity is: (i) a partnership if it has two or more members; or
(ii) disregarded as an entity separate from its owner if it has a single owner.

    Section 301.7701-3(c)(1)(i) provides that an eligible entity may elect to be

classified other than as provided under § 301.7701-3(b), or to change its classification,
by filing Form 8832 with the service center designated on Form 8832. Section
301.7701-3(c)(1)(iii) provides that an election under § 301.7701-3(c)(1)(i) will be
effective on the date specified by the entity on Form 8832 or on the date filed if no such
date is specified on the election form. The date specified on Form 8832 cannot be more
than 75 days prior to the date on which the election is filed.

   Section 301.7701-3(c)(1)(v)(C) provides that an eligible entity that timely elects to

be an S corporation under § 1362(a)(1) is treated as having made an election under
§ 301.7701-3 to be classified as an association, provided that (as of the effective date of
the election under § 1362(a)(1)) the entity meets all other requirements to qualify as a
small business corporation under § 1361(b). Subject to § 301.7701-3(c)(1)(iv), the
deemed election to be classified as an association will apply as of the effective date of
the S corporation election and will remain in effect until the entity makes a valid election
under § 301.7701-3(c)(1)(i), to be classified as other than an association.

   Section 301.7701-3(c)(2)(i) provides, in general, that an election made under

§ 301.7701-3(c)(1)(i) must be signed by (A) each member of the electing entity who is
an owner at the time the election is filed; or (B) any officer, manager, or member of the
electing entity who is authorized (under local law or the entity's organizational
documents) to make the election and who represents to having such authorization
under penalties of perjury.

     Section 301.7701-3(c)(2)(ii) provides that, for purposes of § 301.7701-3(c)(2)(i), if

an election under § 301.7701-3(c)(1)(i) is to be effective for any period prior to the time
that it is filed, each person who was an owner between the date the election is to be
effective and the date the election is filed, and who is not an owner at the time the
election is filed, must also sign the election.

   Section 301.9100-1(c) provides that the Commissioner may grant a reasonable

extension of time to make a regulatory election or a statutory election (but no more than
6 months except in the case of a taxpayer who is abroad), under all subtitles of the
Code except subtitles E, G, H, and I. Section 301.9100-1(b) provides that the term
"regulatory election" includes an election whose due date is prescribed by a regulation
published in the Federal Register.

    Section 301.9100-2 provides the rules governing automatic extensions of time for

making certain elections. Section 301.9100-3 provides the standards the Commissioner
will use to determine whether to grant an extension of time for regulatory elections that
do not meet the requirements of § 301.9100-2.

    Section 301.9100-3(a) provides that requests for relief subject to § 301.9100-3

will be granted when a taxpayer provides the evidence (including affidavits described in
§ 301.9100-3(e)) to establish to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that (1) the
taxpayer acted reasonably and in good faith, and (2) the grant of relief will not prejudice
the interests of the Government.

  Section 1362(a) provides that a small business corporation may elect to be an S

corporation.

    Section 1362(b)(1) provides that an election under § 1362(a) may be made by a

small business corporation for any taxable year (A) at any time during the preceding
taxable year, or (B) at any time during the taxable year and on or before the 15th day of
the third month of the taxable year.

   Section 1362(b)(5) provides that if (A) an election under § 1362(a) is made for

any taxable year (determined without regard to § 1362(b)(3)) after the date prescribed
by § 1362(b) for making the election for the taxable year or no § 1362(a) election is
made for any taxable year, and (B) the Secretary determines that there was reasonable
cause for the failure to timely make the election, the Secretary may treat the election as
timely made for the taxable year (and § 1362(b)(3) shall not apply).

                                  CONCLUSION

   Based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that

X has satisfied the requirements of §§ 301.9100-1 and 301.9100-3. As a result,
X is granted an extension of time of 120 days from the date of this letter to file a
Form 8832 with the appropriate service center to elect to be classified as an association
taxable as a corporation for federal tax purposes, effective Date. A copy of this letter
should be attached to the Form 8832.

   In addition, based solely on the facts submitted and representations made, we

conclude that X has established reasonable cause for failing to make a timely
election to be an S corporation effective Date and is eligible for relief under
§ 1362(b)(5). Accordingly, provided that X makes an election to be an S
corporation by filing a completed Form 2553 effective Date, with the appropriate
service center within 120 days from the date of this letter, then such election shall be
treated as timely made. A copy of this letter should be attached to the Form 2553.

   Except as expressly provided herein, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the federal tax consequences of any aspect of any transaction or item discussed or
referenced in this letter. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion concerning
whether X is otherwise eligible to be an S corporation for federal tax purposes.
In addition, § 301.9100-1(a) provides that the granting of an extension of time for
making an election is not a determination that the taxpayer is otherwise eligible to make
the election.

   We express no opinion concerning the assessment of any interest, additions to

tax, additional amounts, or penalties for failure to file a timely tax or information return
with respect to any taxable year that may be affected by this ruling. For example, we
express no opinion as to whether a taxpayer is entitled to relief from any penalty on the
basis that the taxpayer had reasonable cause for failure to file timely any income tax or
information returns.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based upon information and

representations submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalty of perjury
statement executed by an appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the
material submitted in support of the requested rulings, it is subject to verification on
examination.

  These rulings are directed only to the taxpayer requesting them. Section

6110(k)(3) of the Code provides that they may not be used or cited as precedent.

  In accordance with a power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a

copy of this letter to X's authorized representative.

                                   Sincerely,

                                   Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Passthroughs and Special Industries)



                             By:   ______________________________
                                   Mary Beth Carchia
                                   Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 3
                                   Office of Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure:
Copy of this letter for § 6110 purposes

cc: [redacted]