IRS blesses a tax-free section 355 spin-off separating two businesses

Plain-English summary

A multinational corporate group wanted to separate two of its businesses into
different corporate branches without triggering tax. A parent company owned a
distributing corporation that ran one business directly and held a controlled
subsidiary running a second business. The plan (the "Separation") has the
distributing corporation hand out the stock of the controlled subsidiary so
that, in the end, the two businesses sit under separate arms of the group. This
is a classic "spin-off" governed by Code section 355, which lets a corporation
distribute a subsidiary's stock tax-free if strict requirements are met. The
IRS gave the taxpayer the specific rulings it asked for: no gain or loss to the
parent on receiving the stock, none to the distributing corporation on the
distribution, and standard basis, holding-period, and earnings-and-profits
carryover treatment. Importantly, the IRS did not rule on the big-picture
questions it now leaves to audit under its ruling policy: whether the deal has a
valid business purpose, whether it is a disguised dividend "device," or whether
it is part of a plan to sell 50% or more of either company. Those and the
overall tax consequences are outside the ruling.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Will the proposed separation of a controlled subsidiary from
  its distributing parent qualify for tax-free treatment under IRC § 355 and
  related provisions?
• Outcome: Approved. Five requested rulings granted (no gain/loss on the
  distribution; carryover basis, holding period, and earnings and profits).
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 355, 358, 312(h), 1223(1); Treas. Reg.
  §§ 1.358-2, 1.312-10, 1.1502-33(e)(3); Rev. Proc. 2017-52.

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202322015 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 6/2/2023 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 355.00-00
Person To Contact:
--------------------- -------------------, ID No. -----------------
---------------------------------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------------------------------ --------------------
--------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------- CC:CORP:B05
PLR-120497-22
Date:
March 10, 2023

Legend

Distributing = ------------------------------------------
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Controlled = ---------------------------------------
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Corp A = ---------------------------------------
-----------------------------

Corp B = -------------------------------------
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DRE1 = ------------------------------
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-----------------------

DRE 2 = --------------------------------
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-----------------------

Business A = ---------------------------

Business B = --------------------------------------

State A = ------------

State B = -------------

Country A = --------

Country B = ---------------------------

Year 1 = -------

Year 2 = -------

Year 3 = -------

Year 4 = -------

Year 5 = -------

Year 6 = -------

Year 7 = -------

Year 8 = -------

Date 1 = ------------------------

Date 2 = -----------------------

a = ---

b = ---

Dear --------------:

This letter responds to your letter dated October 14, 2022 requesting rulings under
§ 355 and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") with respect to
the proposed transaction described below (the "Proposed Transaction"). The material
information submitted in that request is summarized below.

The rulings contained in this letter are based on the facts and representations submitted
by the taxpayer and is accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement executed by an
appropriate party. This Office has not verified any of the materials submitted in support
of the request for rulings. Verification of the information, representations, and other
data may be required as part of the audit process.

This letter is issued pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2017-52, 2017-41 I.R.B. 283, regarding
Transactional Rulings for Covered Transactions under section 355 of the Code. This
Office expresses no opinion as to the overall tax consequences of these transactions or
as to any issue not specifically addressed by the rulings below.

This Office has made no determination regarding whether the Proposed Transaction: (i)
satisfies the business purpose requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(b); (ii) is used
principally as a device for the distribution of the earnings and profits of the distributing
corporation or the controlled corporation or both (see § 355(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg.
§ 1.355-2(d)); or (iii) is part of a plan or series of related transactions pursuant to which
one or more persons will acquire directly or indirectly stock representing a 50% or
greater interest in the distributing corporation or the controlled corporation, or any
predecessor or successor of the distributing corporation or the controlled corporation,
within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-8 (see § 355(e)(2)(A)(ii) and Treas. Reg.
§ 1.355-7).

                                Summary of Facts

Corp A, a country A corporation, is the parent of a worldwide group that includes both
domestic and foreign entities. Corp A owns all the stock of Corp B. Corp A and Corp B
together own all the outstanding stock in Distributing. Distributing directly and indirectly
owns corporations, entities disregarded as separate from their sole regarded owners
under Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3 for U.S. federal income tax purposes ("DREs"), and
partnerships. Distributing and its eligible members join in the filing of a consolidated
U.S. federal income tax return on a calendar year basis using the accrual method of
accounting (the "Distributing Group").

Distributing owns (i) all of the equity interests in DRE 1, and (ii) all of the outstanding
stock in Controlled, a State B corporation. DRE 1, along with its lower tier DREs, is
directly engaged in the operation of Business A. Since Date 1, Controlled has wholly
owned DRE 2. DRE 2 and its lower tier DREs are directly engaged in the operation of
Business B. Prior to Date 1, DRE 2 was a partnership of which Controlled (at the time a
DRE of Distributing) owned a percent of the interests (a "significant interest" within the
meaning of Rev. Rul. 2007-42, 2007-2 C.B. 44). On Date 1, Controlled acquired the
remaining b percent of the partnership interests from an unrelated third party. On Date
2, in a transaction unrelated to the Proposed Transaction, Controlled converted from an
LLC that was a DRE to a State B corporation.

Corp A and Corp B funded the initial acquisition and subsequent operations of Business
B periodically through a series of intercompany advances from Year 1 to Year 7. Such
intercompany advances were made either to Distributing (which then further provided
the funds to Controlled) or directly to Controlled. As a result, there are three types of
intercompany advances: (i) intercompany advances between Corp A and Distributing
(the "Corp A-Distributing Advances"); (ii) intercompany advances between Corp A and
Controlled (the "Corp A-Controlled Advances"); and (iii) intercompany advances
between Corp B and Controlled (the "Corp B-Controlled Advances") (collectively the
"Shareholder Advances").

Corp A-Distributing Advances were incurred in Year 1 through Year 3. Corp A-
Controlled Advances were incurred in Year 1 through Year 3. Corp B-Controlled
Advances were incurred in Year 4 through Year 7. None of the Shareholder Advances
in Year 4 through Year 7 is evidenced by any formal documentation. In addition, no
interest has accrued for book purposes, no interest has been deducted for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, and no principal or interest payments have been made with
respect to the Shareholder Advances.

During Year 5, the IRS Large Business and International ("LB&I") division examined the
returns of the Distributing Group for Year 1 through Year 4. The taxpayer agreed with
the conclusion that the Shareholder Advances outstanding as of the end of Year 4 (the
"Pre-Year 5 Shareholder Advances") should be characterized as equity of Distributing
rather than debt for U.S. federal income tax purposes and reflected the Pre-Year 5
Shareholder Advances as paid-in capital on Distributing's returns for Year 1 through
Year 4.

In Year 5 through Year 7, Corp B made additional advances to Controlled (the "Post-
Year 4 Shareholder Advances"). The Post-Year 4 Shareholder Advances are the same,
in both substance and form, as the Pre-Year 5 Shareholder Advances. There is no
current LB&I examination of the Distributing Group for Year 5 through Year 7. The
Post-Year 4 Shareholder Advances do not attach any legal rights with respect to
Controlled, and Controlled did not issue equity or any similar instrument with respect to
the advances. The taxpayer will take certain corrective actions with respect to the Post-
Year 4 Shareholder Advances consistent with the treatment of the Pre-Year 5
Shareholder Advances as paid-in capital contributions.

Distributing will rely on Business A and Controlled will rely on Business B to satisfy the
active trade or business requirements of section 355(b) with regards to the Proposed
Transaction. Financial information has been submitted in accordance with Rev. Proc.
2017-52 indicating that each of Business A and Business B has had gross receipts and
operating expenses representing the active conduct of a trade or business for each of
the past five years.

                             Proposed Transaction

For what are represented to be valid corporate business purposes, Distributing will
engage in the following transaction (the "Separation") to separate Business B from
Business A:

1. Effective at least one day before Step 3, Corp B will file a "check-the-box"
  election pursuant to Treas. Reg. § 301.7701-3(c)(1) to be treated as a DRE for
  U.S. federal income tax purposes.

2. Corp A, Corp B, and Distributing will enter into an agreement, under which Corp
  A instructs Distributing to transfer all of the Controlled stock that Corp A would
  have received from Distributing, directly to Corp B.

3. Distributing will distribute all of the Controlled stock to Corp B (the "Distribution").


                                 Representations

With respect to the Separation, except as otherwise set forth below, Distributing has
made all of the representations in section 3 of the Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52.

1. Distributing has made the following alternative representations: 3(a), 8(b), 11(a),
  15(a), 31(a), and 41(a).

2. Distributing has not made the following representations, which do not apply to the
  Separation: 7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 35, and 39.

3. Representation 34 has been modified as follows: Distributing and Controlled
  each will pay its own expenses, if any, incurred in connection with the Distribution
  except that Distributing and its affiliates may pay certain corporate-level
  expenses that are solely and directly related (within the meaning of Rev. Rul. 73-
  54, 1973-1 C.B. 187) to the Distribution (such as legal, accounting, and other
  advisory fees and administrative expenses incurred in connection with the
  Distribution).


                                      Rulings

Based solely on the information submitted and the representations set forth above, we
rule as follows:

1. No gain or loss will be recognized by Corp A upon receipt of the Controlled stock
  in the Separation. Section 355(a).

2. No gain or loss will be recognized by Distributing on the distribution of Controlled
  stock in the Separation. Section 355(c)(1).

3. The aggregate basis of the Distributing stock and the Controlled stock in the
  hands of Corp A immediately after the Distribution will be the same as Corp A's
  basis in the Distributing stock immediately before the Distribution, allocated
  between the Distributing stock and the Controlled stock in proportion to the fair
  market value of each immediately following the Distribution. Section 358(b)(2)
  and (c); Treas. Reg. § 1.358-2(a)(2)(v).

4. The holding period of the Controlled common stock received by Corp A in the
  Separation will include the holding period of the Controlled stock held by
     Distributing with respect to which the Separation will be made, provided that such
     Controlled stock is held as a capital asset on the date of Separation. Section
     1223(1).

    5. Earnings and profits of Distributing, if any, will be allocated between Distributing
     and Controlled in accordance with section 312(h), Treas. Reg. § 1.312-10(b) and
     Treas. Reg. § 1.1502-33(e)(3).

                                       Caveats

Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning the
tax treatment of the Proposed Transaction under any provision of the Code and
regulations or the tax treatment of any condition existing at the time of, or effects
resulting from, the Proposed Transaction that is not specifically addressed by this letter.

                               Procedural Statements

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayers who requested it. Section 6110(k)(3)
provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

A copy of this ruling letter must be attached to the Federal income tax return to which it
is relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control
number of the letter ruling.

Pursuant to the power of attorney on file in this matter, a copy of this letter is being sent
to your authorized representatives.

                                 Sincerely,



                                 _Mark Weiss______________
                                 Mark Weiss
                                 Branch Chief, Branch 2
                                 Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)

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