Partnership-style operating terms did not end intended S corporation treatment

Plain-English summary

A limited liability company elected S corporation status while its operating agreement still contained partnership-style allocation and distribution provisions. Those binding terms created more than one class of stock, making the S election invalid. The taxpayer later adopted a revised agreement that did not create a second stock class and represented that the defect was inadvertent, not tax avoidance or retroactive planning. The taxpayer and shareholders also agreed to make any adjustments the IRS required and had filed consistently with S corporation treatment. The IRS granted section 1362(f) relief and treated the taxpayer as an S corporation from the intended election date, assuming it otherwise qualified.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could the taxpayer retain S corporation treatment after its original operating agreement inadvertently created a second class of stock?
• Outcome: Approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(a), 1361(b)(1), and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(l)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202302004 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 1/13/2023 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.00-00, 1361.01-00,
1361.01-04, 1361.01-05, Person To Contact:
1362.00-00, 1362.04-00 ----------------------------, ID No. --------------
Telephone Number:
------------------------------ --------------------
-------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
------------------------------------------------ CC:PSI:B01
--------------------------------- PLR-108168-22
---------------------------- Date:
October 12, 2022

                                                  LEGEND

X = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------

Y = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------

State 1 = ------

State 2 = -------------

Date 1 = -------------------

Date 2 = -------------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = ---------------------

Date 5 = -----------------

Date 6 = -----------------

Dear -----------------:

This letter responds to a letter dated April 6, 2022, submitted on behalf of Taxpayer by
its authorized representative, requesting a ruling under § 1362(f) of the Internal
PLR-108168-22 2

Revenue Code (Code).

                                      FACTS

According to the information submitted and representations made within, X was
organized under the laws of State 1 on Date 1 as a limited liability company. X was
originally treated as a partnership for Federal tax purposes. Effective Date 3, X elected
to be an association treated as an S corporation.

Effective Date 5, X engaged in a tax-free reorganization under section 368(f) of the
Code and filed an election to be treated as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary within
the meaning of § 1361(b)(3)(B) wholly owned by Y. Effective Date 6, X filed an election
to be treated as an entity disregarded as separate from Y. On Date 5, Y was organized
under the laws of State 2 as a corporation and is treated as an S corporation for Federal
tax purposes. X and Y are hereinafter collectively referred to as the Taxpayer.

Effective Date 2, the owners of Taxpayer entered in an Original Operating Agreement.
Original Operating Agreement included provisions in contemplation of Company being
treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes; however, the applicability of
those provisions was not limited to such a situation. The Original Operating Agreement
included the following partnership provisions: (1) Section 5.8 providing for the
maintenance of capital accounts; (2) Section 6.1 providing, in part, for allocations of net
profits, net losses, and other items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit to take
into account any Treasury regulations requirements; (3) Section 6.3 providing, in part,
that the members of [Taxpayer] “may make distributions to the [m]embers from time to
time in amounts that it deems appropriate”; (4) Section 6.4 providing, in part, that the
members of Taxpayer “may make distributions in the form of regulation allotments
(salary) to a [m]ember proportionate to his or her time spent in direct contribution to
[Taxpayer] regardless of said [m]ember’s” ownership percentage in Taxpayer;
(5) Section 8.2(a) providing, in part, that liquidating distributions “to Members shall be
made in accordance, and proportion, with the [m]embers’ relative [c]apital [a]ccount
balances.”

On Date 4, but effective on Date 3, Taxpayer adopted Revised Operating Agreement.
Taxpayer represents that Revised Operating Agreement does not create a second class
of stock. Taxpayer represents that the invalidity of its S election was inadvertent and
was not motivated by tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning. Taxpayer also
represents that Taxpayer and its shareholders agree to make any adjustments required
as a condition of obtaining relief under the inadvertent termination rule as provided
under § 1362(f) of the Code that may be required by the Secretary. Taxpayer and its
shareholders represent that they have filed all returns consistent with Taxpayer being
an S corporation.

                                Law and Analysis

PLR-108168-22 3

Section 1362(a) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small business
corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to any
taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under § 1362(a) is in
effect for such year.

Section 1361(b)(1) provides that the term “small business corporation” means a
domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have
more than 100 shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate,
trust described in § 1361(c)(2)), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not
an individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than
one class of stock.

Section 1.1361-1(l)(1) of the Income Tax Regulations provides, in part, that a
corporation is generally treated as having only one class of stock if all outstanding
shares of stock of the corporation confer identical rights to distribution and liquidation
proceeds.

Section 1.1361-1(l)(2)(i) provides that the determination of whether all outstanding
shares of stock confer identical rights to distribution and liquidation proceeds is made
based on the corporate charter, articles of incorporation, bylaws, applicable state laws,
and binding agreements relating to distribution and liquidation proceeds (collectively,
governing provisions).

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) further provides that the termination shall be effective
on and after the date of cessation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation (A) was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined
without regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of
§ 1361(b) or (B) was terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3), (2) the Secretary determines
that the circumstances resulting in the ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent,
(3) no later than a reasonable period of time after the discovery of the circumstances
resulting in the ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation
for which the election was made or the termination occurred is a small business
corporation, and (4) the corporation for which the election was made or the termination
occurred, and each person who was a shareholder of the corporation at any time during
the period specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make such adjustments (consistent
with the treatment of the corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the
Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting
PLR-108168-22 4

in the ineffectiveness or termination, the corporation will be treated as an S corporation
during the period specified by the Secretary.

                                    Conclusion

Based on the facts submitted and representations made, we conclude that Taxpayer’s S
election was inadvertently invalid on Date 2 because Taxpayer had more than one class
of stock due to the partnership provisions in the Original Operating Agreement.

We also conclude that the invalidity of Taxpayer’s S election as a result of the Original
Operating Agreement creating a second class of stock was inadvertent. Accordingly,
under § 1362(f), Taxpayer will be treated as an S corporation from Date 2, and
thereafter, provided the S election for Taxpayer is otherwise valid and has not
terminated under § 1362(d).

Except as specifically ruled on above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts described above under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, no opinion is expressed or implied concerning whether Taxpayer
otherwise qualifies as an S corporation for federal tax purposes.

This ruling is directed only to the Taxpayer that requested it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the
Code provides that this ruling may not be used or cited as precedent.

The ruling contained in this letter is based on information and representations submitted
by the Taxpayer and accompanied by penalty of perjury statement executed by an
appropriate party. While this office has not verified any of the material submitted in
support of the ruling request, it is subject to verification on examination.

Pursuant to a power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a copy of this
letter to your authorized representative.

                                      Sincerely,


                                      _______________________________
                                      Caroline E. Hay
                                      Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                      Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                      (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosure
Copy for § 6110 purposes

cc: