Tax-free split-off of a family S corporation held through a terminating trust

Plain-English summary

A family S corporation runs a single business on land it owns and leases. All of its stock is held by a trust set up by the founder; four siblings are the trust's remainder beneficiaries. The founder and other key people have died, the trust is terminating, and the stock has vested in the four siblings, who cannot agree on how to run the business. To separate them, the company forms a new corporation (Controlled), moves roughly half the business (land, assets, receivables, and interests in two disregarded subsidiaries) into it, and then splits so that two siblings end up owning the original company and the other two own the new one. The company asked the IRS to confirm the division is tax-free. The IRS ruled the contribution-and-split qualifies as a "Type D" reorganization under Section 368(a)(1)(D) with a Section 355 distribution, so no gain or loss is recognized by the company or the siblings, with carryover basis and holding periods. It also addressed the mechanics of the qualified subchapter S subsidiary election terminating and the new company's ability to elect S status. In a separate "significant issue" ruling, the IRS held that the four siblings, not the terminating trust, are the shareholders for the Section 368 control test and the continuity-of-interest requirement. As always, the IRS did not rule on business purpose, the anti-"device" rule, or the Section 355(e) anti-abuse rules.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Does splitting the S corporation between two pairs of siblings qualify as a tax-free reorganization, and are the siblings (not the terminating trust) the shareholders for the control and continuity tests?
• Outcome: approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 355, 368(a)(1)(D), 361, 357, 1032, 362, 358; IRC §§ 1361, 1362; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.355-2(c), 1.1361-5, 1.1368-2(d)(3); Rev. Proc. 2017-52

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202033005 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 8/14/2020 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 355.01-01, 355.03-00,
355.07-00 Person To Contact:
--------------------------, ID No. ----------------
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------------------------- Telephone Number:
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------------------------------------------ Refer Reply To:
----------------------------- CC:CORP:1
PLR-127359-19
Date:
May 13, 2020

Legend

Distributing = -----------------------------
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Controlled = -----------------------------------
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State A = ---------

Q Sub 1 = ----------------------
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Q Sub 2 = -------------------
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Settlor = --------------------------------------------------

Trust = ---------------------------------------------------
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Trustee A = -----------------------------------------------------------
PLR-127359-19 2

Trustee B = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Sibling 1 = --------------------------------------------------
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Sibling 2 = -----------------------------------------------
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Sibling 3 = --------------------------------------------------
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Sibling 4 = -------------------------------------------------------
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X = ------------------------------------

Date 1 = ---------------------

Date 2 = ---------------------------

Date 3 = ----------------------

Date 4 = --------------------------

Date 5 = -----------------

Business A = -------------

A = -------

B = -------

C = -------

D = -------

Dear ---------------------------------------:
PLR-127359-19 3

   This letter responds to your letter dated November 1, 2019, and supplemental

communications requesting a (1) significant issue ruling; and (2) transactional ruling
relating to the federal income tax consequences under Internal Revenue Code (the
“Code” or “IRC”) sections 355, 368, and related Code provisions. The information
submitted in your letter and supplemental communications is summarized below.

   This letter is issued pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2017-52, 2017-41 I.R.B. 283

regarding one or more “Covered Transactions” under section 355 and/or section 368 of
the Internal Revenue Code and pursuant to section 6.03(2) of Rev. Proc. 2019-1, 2019-
1 I.R.B. 1, regarding one or more significant issues under section 355 and 368 of the
Code.

   The significant issue ruling contained in this letter only addresses the significant

issue involved in the transactions described in this letter. This Office expresses no
opinion via the significant issue ruling as to the overall tax consequences of the
transaction for which a significant issue ruling is requested or as to any issue not
specifically addressed by the rulings below.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based on facts and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement
executed by an appropriate party. This Office has not verified any of the materials
submitted in support of the request for rulings. Verification of the information,
representations, and other data may be required as part of the audit process.

    This Office has made no determination regarding whether the Distribution (as

defined below): (i) satisfies the business purpose requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-
2(b); (ii) is used principally as a device for the distribution of the earnings and profits of
the Distributing corporation or the Controlled or both (see section 355(a)(1)(B) and
Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(d)); or (iii) is part of a plan (or series of related transactions)
pursuant to which one or more persons will acquire directly or indirectly stock
representing a 50-percent or greater interest in Distributing or Controlled, or any
predecessor or successor of Distributing or Controlled, within the meaning of Treas.
Reg. § 1.355-8T (see section 355(e)(2)(A)(ii) and Treas. Reg. § 1.355-7).

Summary of Facts

   Distributing, formed under the laws of State A, is an accrual basis Subchapter S

corporation, which is engaged primarily in Business A. It was formed on Date 1. One of
Distributing’s founders was Settlor. Distributing has outstanding A shares of stock, all of
which are held by Trust as the sole shareholder. Sibling 1, Sibling 2, Sibling 3 and
Sibling 4 (the “Siblings”) are the remaindermen beneficiaries of Trust.

  Distributing owns all of the outstanding stock of Q Sub 1 and all of the

outstanding interests in Q Sub 2, both disregarded entities for federal income tax
PLR-127359-19 4

purposes. Each of Q Sub 1 and Q Sub 2 owns land that is unrelated to Distributing’s
Business A operations.

   Controlled, formed under the laws of State A, is an accrual basis corporation

formed to effectuate the proposed transaction. Controlled has outstanding B shares of
stock, all of which are held by Distributing.

    Distributing owns approximately C acres of land and leases another D acres of

land. It is on this land that Distributing engages in Business A. Distributing has
submitted financial and employment information indicating that it is actively engaged in
Business A and represents that it has gross receipts and has documented operating
expenses representing the active conduct of a trade or business for each of the past
five years.

   Settlor created Trust on Date 2 and funded it with all of the outstanding shares of

Distributing. Trust elected to become an Electing Small Business Trust (“ESBT”) on
Date 3, the same day Distributing made its Subchapter S corporation election. Settlor
and Trustee A served as co-trustees of Trust until Settlor’s death, at which point Trust
became irrevocable and Trustee A became the sole trustee.

   Other than some cash in a bank account, Trust’s sole asset is all the outstanding

shares of Distributing. Under the terms of Trust, Trust shall terminate upon: (a) the last
to die of Settlor, Trustee A, and X; and (b) either: (i) the youngest of Trustee A’s children
(Sibling 1, Sibling 2, Sibling 3 and Sibling 4, referred to in the aggregate as the Siblings)
attains age 25; or (ii) the last survivor of Trustee A’s children dies before attaining age

25. Upon termination, Trust’s stock ownership in Distributing is to be transferred free of
    Trust in equal shares to each of the Siblings.

    Trustee A died on Date 5. Settlor, Trustee A and X have passed away and the
    Siblings are all over age 25. Trust is terminating, and its ownership of Distributing’s
    stock has vested in the Siblings equally. Because of considerable disagreement
    amongst the Siblings regarding the operation of Business A, the Siblings requested that
    Trustee B facilitate a settlement amongst them with respect to Distributing before
    terminating Trust and distributing to each of them his/her equal interest in the corpus of
    Trust. The settlement devised by Trustee B and approved by the Siblings is as follows
    (the “Proposed Transaction”):

Proposed Transaction (some of the steps have already been consummated):

1. On Date 4, Distributing organized Controlled.

2. Distributing shall timely elect to have Controlled treated as its qualified
   Subchapter S Subsidiary, effective as of Controlled’s date of organization.
   PLR-127359-19 5

3. In exchange for all of Controlled’s stock, Distributing will contribute to Controlled
   approximately one-half of the C acres of land now owned by Distributing, including any
   and all buildings and improvements situated thereon (“Contributed Land”), as well as
   certain assets and liabilities (in the aggregate, the “Contribution”) pursuant to an
   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (“Plan”), which will also provide --

   a. To the extent necessary, Controlled and Distributing will enter into an
   agreement or arrangement that would allow the Siblings access to their respective
   homes situated on the land to be distributed to Controlled. Alternatively, the homes
   may be moved.

   b. Any obligations for bank loans and mortgages affecting the land now
   divided between Distributing and Controlled shall be shared equally by Distributing and
   Controlled until refinanced by such corporations.

   c.     Any existing mortgages or home equity lines of credit secured by the land
   

   now divided between Distributing and Controlled may be paid in full by Trust prior to the
   distribution or continue to be an obligation of the Siblings.

   d. Distributing may retain the right to continue to lease the D acres of land it
   currently leases for its operations.

   e. Distributing will have direct access to the water shed vital to the Business
   A operations of both corporations. Distributing and Controlled will enter into a water
   access and piping easement in connection with catching, storing and moving water from
   Distributing’s land to Controlled’s land via the existing water infrastructure. The cost to
   maintain the water infrastructure will be shared equitably.

   f. After the Distribution, Controlled will have direct access to a water
   reservoir. Distributing and Controlled will enter into an agreement permitting
   Distributing’s representatives reasonable travel across Controlled’s land to access the
   reservoir.

   g. Trustee B and the Siblings will outline an equitable percentage of
   Business A assets which will be retained by Distributing or transferred to Controlled.

   h. Distributing will transfer approximately one-half of outstanding receivables
   or the proceeds from such receivables to Controlled.

   i.     Distributing will transfer to Controlled machinery and equipment, including
   

   office equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures, etc. not specifically identified with
   either Distributing or Controlled, as they agree, or if they are unable to agree, as
   Trustee B shall decide in Trustee B’s sole discretion.
   PLR-127359-19 6

   j. Distributing will transfer a one-half interest in the assets of or one-half of
   the stock ownership in Q Sub 1 to Controlled. If Q Sub 1’s assets are sold before the
   closing occurs, the net proceeds shall be added to cash.

   k. Distributing will transfer a one-half interest in the assets of or one-half of
   its membership interest in Q Sub 2 (after conversion to a multiple member LLC) to
   Controlled. If Q Sub 2’s assets are sold before the closing occurs, the net proceeds
   shall be added to cash.

   l. Distributing will distribute one-half of its interest in undeveloped coastal
   land to Controlled. If this property is sold before the closing occurs, the net proceeds
   shall be added to cash.

   m. The balance from any outstanding accounts payable shall be paid equally
   by Distributing and Controlled.

   n. Distributing’s employees will either stay with Distributing or move to
   Controlled depending on how the Siblings and employees shall agree. The corporations
   shall not have or share common employees.

   o. Distributing’s Qualified Retirement Plan shall be divided between
   Distributing and Controlled, subject to the approval of the Internal Revenue Service, in
   proportion and according to the current employees covered by the Qualified Retirement
   Plan retained by each after the Closing Date. Account balances and liability for
   payment of benefits to former employees shall remain with Distributing.

   p. Distributing will transfer cash and other assets not specifically identified
   above to Controlled to the extent necessary to equalize the net worth of Distributing and
   Controlled.

   q. The ultimate values of Distributing and Controlled may be properly
   redetermined, necessitating adjustments to the above-mentioned distributions. In the
   event there are insufficient cash and other assets to equalize such values, Trustee B
   shall equalize such values, by reallocating assets, borrowing funds, creating a debt
   obligation between Distributing and Controlled, or such other means as the Trustee B
   determines, in the Trustee B’s sole discretion, to be the most appropriate means to
   accomplish equalization. All transfers from Distributing to Controlled will be in
   furtherance of equalizing the net worth of the two corporations.

4. Trust will transfer to Distributing one-half of the outstanding shares of Distributing
   stock in exchange for all the outstanding shares of Controlled stock. Trust will either
   distribute: (A) all outstanding shares of Distributing’s stock equally to Sibling 3 and
   Sibling 4 and all outstanding shares of Controlled’s stock equally to Sibling 1 and Sibling
   2; or (B) all outstanding shares of Distributing’s stock equally to Sibling 1 and Sibling 2
   and all outstanding shares of Controlled’s stock equally to Sibling 3 and Sibling 4 (the
   PLR-127359-19 7

“Distribution”). After the Distribution, Distributing will be wholly owned by Siblings 1 and
2 or Siblings 3 and 4, and Controlled will be wholly owned by the other Siblings.

5. After the Distribution, both Controlled and Distributing will be actively engaged in
   Business A, the historic business of Distributing and Controlled. Distributing and
   Controlled will each use in their Business A operations the historic business assets
   previously employed by Distributing in the operations of Business A.

6. Controlled will make a timely S-Corporation election.

Shareholders Before and After Distribution:

   The income beneficiaries of Trust have passed away. Trust is terminating. The

remaindermen of Trust are currently entitled to receive the Trust corpus, which consists
of both principal and income, and the remaindermen are entitled to receive such Trust
corpus in equal shares. Trust holds mere legal title to the Distributing shares; the
remaindermen (i.e., the Siblings) are the vested owners, not Trust. Trust continues
pursuant to court order solely at the behest of the Siblings.

Representations:

 Except as set forth below,

 1. Trustee B makes all the representations in section 3 of the Appendix to Rev.
    Proc. 2017-52 in the form set forth therein.

 2. Trustee B does not make the following representations, which do not apply to the
    Proposed Transaction: 5, 6, 20, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40.

 3. Trustee B makes the following alternative representations set forth in section 3 of
    the Appendix to Rev. Proc. 2017-52: 3(a), 8(a), 11(a), 15(a), 22(a), 31(a) and
    41(b).

Transactional Ruling:

    Based solely on the information submitted and the representations made, we rule

as follows with respect to the Proposed Transaction:

1. The Contribution, followed by the Distribution, will qualify as a reorganization
   under IRC § 368(a)(1)(D) and Distributing and Controlled will each be “a party to a
   reorganization” within the meaning of IRC § 368(b).

2. No gain or loss will be recognized by Distributing on the Contribution (IRC §§
   361(a) and 357(a)) to Controlled.
   PLR-127359-19 8

3. No gain or loss will be recognized by Controlled on the Contribution (IRC §
   1032(a)).

4. Controlled’s basis in each asset received from Distributing in the Contribution will
   be the same as the basis of such asset in the hands of Distributing immediately before
   the Contribution (IRC § 362(b)).

5. Controlled’s holding period for each asset received from Distributing in the
   Contribution will include the period during which Distributing held that asset (IRC §
   1223(2)).

6. No gain or loss will be recognized by Distributing on the Distribution (IRC §
   361(c)(1)).

7. No gain or loss will be recognized by (and no amount will otherwise be included
   in the income of) any shareholder of Distributing upon receipt of Controlled stock in the
   Distribution (IRC § 355(a)).

8. The basis of the shares of Controlled in the hands of its shareholders
   immediately after the Distribution will be the same as the basis of the Distributing shares
   surrendered in exchange thereof (IRC § 358(a)(1)).

9. The holding period of the Controlled shares received by each shareholder in the
   Distribution will include the holding period of the Distributing shares surrendered in
   exchange therefor, provided that the Distributing shares were held as a capital asset in
   the Distributee’s hands on the date of the Distribution (IRC § 1223(1)).

10. Earnings and Profits, if any, will be allocated between Distributing and Controlled
    in accordance with IRC § 312(h) and Treas. Reg. § 1.312-10(a).

11. Distributing’s accumulated adjustment account immediately before the
    transaction will be allocated between Distributing and Controlled in a manner similar to
    the manner in which Distributing’s earnings and profits will be allocated under IRC §
    312(h) in accordance with Treas. Reg. §1.1368-2(d)(3) (Treas. Reg. §§ 1.312-10(a) and
    1.1368-2(d)(3)).

12. Pursuant to Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-5(b)(1)(i) (and(C)), the Distribution will cause a
    termination of Controlled’s Q-Sub election because Controlled will cease to be a wholly
    owned subsidiary of Distributing, an S corporation.

13. For federal income tax purposes, Controlled will be treated as a new corporation
    acquiring all of its assets and assuming all of its liabilities from Distributing immediately
    before the termination of Controlled’s Q-Sub election in exchange for the stock of
    Controlled.
    PLR-127359-19 9

14. The momentary ownership by Distributing of the stock of Controlled, as part of
    the reorganization under IRC § 368(a)(1)(D), will not cause Controlled to have an
    ineligible shareholder for any portion of its first taxable year under IRC § 1361(b)(1)(B),
    and will not, in itself, render Controlled ineligible to elect to be an S Corporation for its
    first taxable year.

15. If Controlled otherwise meets the requirements of a small business corporation
    under IRC §1361, Controlled will be eligible to make a subchapter S election under IRC
    § 1362(a) for its first taxable year, provided that such election is made effective
    immediately following the termination of the original Q-Sub election.

Significant Issue Ruling:

   Based solely on the information submitted and the representations made, we rule

that Sibling 1, Sibling 2, Sibling 3 and Sibling 4 are the shareholders of Distributing for
purposes of satisfying the shareholder control requirement of IRC § 368(a)(1)(D), and
the continuity of interest requirement of Treas. Reg. § 1.355-2(c)(1).

Procedural Statements:

  This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of

the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

     In accordance with the Power of Attorney on file with this office, a copy of this

letter is being sent to your authorized representative.

   A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is

relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control
number of the letter ruling.

                                    Sincerely,

                                    Douglas C. Bates
                                    Branch Chief, Branch 4
                                    Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)

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