IRS treats an S corporation's election termination as inadvertent after two trusts missed their QSST elections, and restores S status

Plain-English summary

An S corporation can only have certain types of shareholders. When S corporation
stock is held in a trust, one common way for the trust to be a permitted
shareholder is for its beneficiary to elect "qualified subchapter S trust"
(QSST) treatment. Here, a shareholder moved company stock from one trust into two
other trusts, but the beneficiaries of those trusts did not file their QSST
elections on time, which caused the company's S corporation election to
terminate. The company asked the IRS for relief under Code Section 1362(f), which
allows the IRS to forgive an inadvertent termination. Because the two trusts
otherwise qualified as QSSTs, the failure was inadvertent and not motivated by
tax avoidance, and everyone agreed to make any required adjustments, the IRS
ruled the termination inadvertent and treated the company as continuing to be an
S corporation, provided the beneficiaries file their QSST elections within 120
days and everyone files consistent returns.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Was the termination of the company's S corporation election (caused by two trusts' missed QSST elections) inadvertent under § 1362(f), so S status can be restored?
• Outcome: Approved (inadvertent termination relief granted, subject to conditions)
• Key authorities: IRC § 1362(f); IRC § 1362(d)(2); IRC § 1361(b), (c)(2), (d) (QSST rules); IRC §§ 1366, 1367, 1368

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201846001
Release Date: 11/16/2018
Index Number: 1361.03-02, 1362.01-03, 1362.02-00, 1362.02-02, 1362.04-00

Third Party Communication: None
Date of Communication: Not Applicable

Person To Contact:
----------------, ID No. ------------------
Telephone Number:

Refer Reply To:
CC:PSI:B01
PLR-106829-18
Date:
August 08, 2018

LEGEND

X = ------------------------

A = -----------------------

Trust 1 = ----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------

Trust 3 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       ------------------------------------
                       --------------------------

Date 1 = ---------------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Date 3 = ---------------------------

Date 4 = ---------------------------

Date 5 = --------------------

PLR-106829-18 2

State = --------------

Dear ----------------:

This responds to a letter dated February 16, 2018, submitted on behalf of X by X's
authorized representative, and supplemental correspondence, requesting a ruling under
§ 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

FACTS

According to the information submitted, X was incorporated on Date 1, under the laws of
State. Effective Date 2, X elected to be taxed as an S corporation.

On Date 3, A transferred shares in X from Trust 1 to Trust 2. Trust 1 was a grantor trust
as to A, an eligible shareholder of X under § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i). On Date 4, A transferred
shares in X from Trust 1 to Trust 3. The beneficiaries of Trust 1 and Trust 3 failed to
make timely qualified subchapter S trust (QSST) elections. Thus, X's S corporation
election terminated on Date 5.

X represents that Trust 2 and Trust 3 qualified as QSSTs under § 1361(d) as of Date 5
and thereafter. X further represents that the circumstances resulting in the failure to file
a QSST election for Trust 2 and Trust 3 were inadvertent and was not motivated by tax
avoidance or retroactive tax planning. X and its shareholders have agreed to make
such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of X as an S corporation) as may be
required by the Secretary.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) of the Code provides that the term "S corporation" means, with
respect to any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under
§ 1362(a) is in effect for such year.

Section 1361(b)(1) defines a "small business corporation" as a domestic corporation
which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more than 100
shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an
individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than 1
class of stock.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all of
which is treated (under subpart E) as owned by an individual who is a citizen or resident
of the United States may be a shareholder.

Section 1361(d)(1) provides that a QSST whose beneficiary makes an election under

PLR-106829-18 3

§ 1362(d)(2) will be treated as a trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), and the QSST's
beneficiary will be treated as the owner (for purposes of § 678(a)) of that portion of the
QSST's S corporation stock to which the election under § 1361(d)(2) applies. Under
§ 1361(d)(2)(A), a beneficiary of a QSST may elect to have § 1361(d) apply. Under
§ 1361(d)(2)(D), this election will be effective up to 15 days and two months before the
date of the election.

Section 1361(d)(3) provides that for purposes of § 1361(d), the term "qualified
subchapter S trust" means a trust (A) the terms of which require that – (i) during the life
of the current income beneficiary, there shall be only 1 income beneficiary of the trust;
(ii) any corpus distributed during the life of the current beneficiary may be distributed
only to such beneficiary; (iii) the income interest of the current income beneficiary in the
trust shall terminate on the earlier of such beneficiary's death or the termination of the
trust; and (iv) upon the termination of the trust during the life of the current income
beneficiary, the trust shall distribute all of its assets to that beneficiary; and (B) all of the
income (within the meaning of § 643(b)) of which is distributed (or required to be
distributed) currently to 1 individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b); (2)
the Secretary determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or
termination were inadvertent; (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after
discovery of the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps
were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred is a small
business corporation; and (4) the corporation for which the termination occurred, and
each person who was a shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period
specified pursuant to § 1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the
treatment of such corporation as an S corporation) as may be required by the Secretary
with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such
ineffectiveness or termination, such corporation shall be treated as an S corporation
during the period specified by the Secretary.

CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that
X's S corporation election terminated on Date 5 as a result of the failure to make a
timely QSST election for Trust 2 and Trust 3. We further conclude that the termination
of X's S election on Date 5 was inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Pursuant
to the provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an S corporation as

PLR-106829-18 4

of Date 2 and thereafter, provided that the beneficiaries of Trust 2 and Trust 3 file QSST
elections for Trust 2 and Trust 3 with an effective date of Date 3 and Date 4,
respectively, with the appropriate service center within 120 days from the date of this
letter, and X's S corporation election is not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d). A
copy of this letter must be attached to the QSST election.

Accordingly, X's shareholders, in determining their respective income tax liabilities, must
include their pro rata share of the separately and non-separately computed items of X
as provided in § 1366, make any adjustments to stock basis as provided in § 1367, and
take into account distributions made by X as of provided by § 1368.

Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X's eligibility to be an S
corporation.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer who requested it. According to § 6110(k)(3),
this ruling may not be used or cited as precedent.

Pursuant to the power of attorney on file with this office, we are sending a copy of this
letter to your authorized representatives.

                                  Sincerely,

                                  Laura C. Fields

                                  Laura C. Fields
                                  Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                  Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy of this letter for section 6110 purposes