IRS revokes organization dissolved by court as fraudulent

Plain-English summary

An organization had been recognized under section 501(c)(3) to help convicted felons and their families pursue rehabilitation, housing, careers, counseling, and other goals. A state court later found it to be a fraudulent organization, dissolved it, permanently barred specified defendants from nonprofit leadership and charitable solicitation in the state, imposed a constructive trust on assets connected to charitable proceeds, and ordered those assets disgorged to the attorney general for distribution to other charities. The organization said it had not operated since the court order. Because its corporate existence had been dissolved and it also failed to provide requested examination information, the IRS concluded that it no longer met the organizational and operational requirements and revoked its exemption effective January 1 of a redacted year.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Could an organization dissolved by court order as fraudulent continue to qualify under section 501(c)(3)?
• Outcome: Revocation effective January 1, 20XX.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 501(a), 501(c)(3), 6001, and 6033; Treas. Reg. §§ 1.501(c)(3)-1, 1.6001-1, and 1.6033-2(i)(2)

Full text (IRS public release)

[Redaction note: the IRS release blanks the organization's identity, state, court, judge, defendants, taxpayer identification number, contact information, addresses, dates, and other identifying details.]

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
TEGE EO Examinations Mail Stop 4920 DAL
1100 Commerce St.
Dallas, Texas 75242

TAX EXEMPT AND
GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
DIVISION

Date: September 14, 2017

Release Number: 201808018
Release Date: 2/23/2018 Tax Year Ending:

                                                          Taxpayer Identification Number:
                                                          Person to Contact:
                                                          Employee Identification Number:

                                                          Employee Telephone Number:
                                                          (Phone)
                                                          (Fax)

UIL: 501.03-00

CERTIFIED MAIL — RETURN RECEIPT

Dear :

This is a final determination that you do not qualify for exemption from Federal income tax under
Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) section 501(a) as an organization described in Code section
501(c)(3) effective January 1, 20xx. Your determination letter dated July, 20xx is revoked.

The revocation of your exempt status was made for the following reason(s):

You are not described in section 501(c)(3) of the Code because you are not organized and
operated exclusively for exempt purposes within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code section
501(c)(3) and Treasury Regulations sections 1.501(c)(3)-1(b)(1) and 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(1). You do not
engage primarily in activities that accomplish one or more of the exempt purposes specified in
section 501(c)(3) and Treasury Regulations section 1.501(c)(3)-1(d). Your corporation status has
been dissolved by the State of due to “fraud”. You also failed to provide the information
requested by the Internal Revenue Service for the purpose of inquiring into your exempt status, as
required by Treasury Regulations section 1.6033-2(i)(2) and section 1.6001-1.

Contributions to your organization are no longer deductible under IRC §170 after January 1, 20xx.

Organizations that are not exempt under section 501 generally are required to file federal income
tax returns and pay tax, where applicable. For further instructions, forms, and information, please
visit www.irs.gov.

If you decide to contest this determination, you may file an action for declaratory judgment under
the provisions of section 7428 of the Code in one of the following three venues: 1) United States
Tax Court, 2) the United States Court of Federal Claims, or 3) the United States District Court for
the District of Columbia. A petition or complaint in one of these three courts must be filed within
90 days from the date this determination letter was mailed to you. Please contact the clerk of the
appropriate court for rules and the appropriate forms for filing petitions for declaratory judgment
by referring to the enclosed Publication 892. You may write to the courts at the following
addresses:

United States Tax Court
400 Second Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20217

U.S. Court of Federal Claims
717 Madison Place, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20439

U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
333 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20001

Processing of income tax returns and assessments of any taxes due will not be delayed if you file
a petition for declaratory judgment under section 7428 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the IRS that can help
protect your taxpayer rights. TAS can offer you help if your tax problem is causing a hardship, or
you've tried but haven't been able to resolve your problem with the IRS. If you qualify for TAS
assistance, which is always free, TAS will do everything possible to help you. Visit
www.taxpayeradvocate.irs.gov or call 1-877-777-4778.

If you prefer, you may contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

Internal Revenue Service
Office of the Taxpayer Advocate

If you have any questions about this letter, please contact the person whose name and telephone
number are shown in the heading of this letter.

Sincerely,

Maria Hooke
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosure:
Publication 892

Department of the Treasury Date:
Internal Revenue Service October 17, 2016
Tax Exempt and Government Entities Taxpayer Identification Number:
Exempt Organizations Examinations
Form:
Tax Year(s) Ended:

                                                          Person to Contact/ID Number:

                                                          Contact Numbers:
                                                          Telephone:
                                                          Fax:
                                                          Manager’s Name/ID Number:

                                                          Manager’s Contact Number:

                                                          Response due date:

Certified Mail — Return Receipt Requested

Dear :

Why you are receiving this letter

We propose to revoke your status as an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code (Code). Enclosed is our report of examination explaining the proposed
action.

What you need to do if you agree

If you agree with our proposal, please sign the enclosed Form 6018, Consent to Proposed
Action — Section 7428, and return it to the contact person at the address listed above (unless
you have already provided us a signed Form 6018). We’ll issue a final revocation letter
determining that you aren’t an organization described in section 501(c)(3).

After we issue the final revocation letter, we’ll announce that your organization is no longer
eligible for contributions deductible under section 170 of the Code.

If we don't hear from you

If you don’t respond to this proposal within 30 calendar days from the date of this letter, we’ll
issue a final revocation letter. Failing to respond to this proposal will adversely impact your legal
standing to seek a declaratory judgment because you failed to exhaust your administrative
remedies.

Effect of revocation status

If you receive a final revocation letter, you’ll be required to file federal income tax returns for the
tax year(s) shown above as well as for subsequent tax years.

What you need to do if you disagree with the proposed revocation

Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

If you disagree with our proposed revocation, you may request a meeting or telephone
conference with the supervisor of the IRS contact identified in the heading of this letter. You also
may file a protest with the IRS Appeals office by submitting a written request to the contact
person at the address listed above within 30 calendar days from the date of this letter.

The Appeals office is independent of the Exempt Organizations division and resolves most
disputes informally.

For your protest to be valid, it must contain certain specific information including a statement of
the facts, the applicable law, and arguments in support of your position. For specific information
needed for a valid protest, please refer to page one of the enclosed Publication 892, How to
Appeal an IRS Decision on Tax-Exempt Status, and page six of the enclosed Publication 3498,
The Examination Process. Publication 3498 also includes information on your rights as a
taxpayer and the IRS collection process. Please note that Fast Track Mediation referred to in
Publication 3498 generally doesn’t apply after we issue this letter.

You also may request that we refer this matter for technical advice as explained in Publication

892. Please contact the individual identified on the first page of this letter if you are considering
     requesting technical advice. If we issue a determination letter to you based on a technical
     advice memorandum issued by the Exempt Organizations Rulings and Agreements office, no
     further IRS administrative appeal will be available to you.

Contacting the Taxpayer Advocate Office is a taxpayer right

You have the right to contact the office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Their assistance isn’t a
substitute for established IRS procedures, such as the formal appeals process. The Taxpayer
Advocate can't reverse a legally correct tax determination or extend the time you have (fixed by
law) to file a petition in a United States court. They can, however, see that a tax matter that
hasn't been resolved through normal channels gets prompt and proper handling. You may call
toll-free 1-877-777-4778 and ask for Taxpayer Advocate assistance. If you prefer, you may
contact your local Taxpayer Advocate at:

Internal Revenue Service
Office of the Taxpayer Advocate

2 Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

For additional information

If you have any questions, please call the contact person at the telephone number shown in the
heading of this letter. If you write, please provide a telephone number and the most convenient
time to call if we need to contact you.

Thank you for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Margaret Von Lienen
Director, EO Examinations

Enclosures:

Report of Examination
Form 6018
Publication 892
Publication 3498

3 Letter 3618 (Rev. 6-2012)
Catalog Number 34809F

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31, 20xx

Whether should be revoked under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal
Revenue Code effective January 1, 20xx, for having been dissolved, as ordered by the Court of
, , , for being a fraudulent organization.

Facts:

The organization is recognized as a section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. received
its ruling in July, 20xx recognizing its tax-exempt status under section 501(c)(3) and stating that it
is not a private foundation as defined by section 509(a). articles of incorporation, filed
November 11, 20xx with the State of , states in part:

This corporation is being formed exclusively for the purpose for which a corporation may be formed under the
Non-Profit Corporation Law of the State of , Chapter 1702 et., of the Revised Code and not for
pecuniary profit or financial gain and more specifically this corporation is organized for the purpose of helping
convicted felons and their family continue on the rehabilitation path by becoming productive, prosperous
individuals, once they are reintroduced into the main stream of society. encourages and
assist felons and family members to pursue meaningful goals. aides in the betterment
moral standards, and conditions of ones mind, career, as well as housing. offers
counseling in every possible area including emotionally, addiction, impulsive and compulsive behavior abuse.
primary focus is reconstructing moral development that will intern promote a positive
effect on the communities which are affected by deprived socially economic circumstances. These are the
people of the communities which display or show an outward appearance of being restricted for lack of
chances based upon denial of opportunities due to past felon convictions or any type of addiction which has
caused a downfall of the mind as viewed by life’s society.

Continued on next page

Form 886-A(Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -1-

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31, 20xx

On September 16, 20xx, Judge of the Court of , ,
, ordered (see attached), in part, that:

1. Defendant is a fraudulent organization

and is therefore, dissolved;

2. Defendants and are permanently

enjoined from holding any position as an officer, trustee, or

employee of any nonprofit corporation or association in the state of

          ;

3. Defendants , , and

            are permanently enjoined from soliciting in the
   

state of for charitable purposes;

4. A constructive trust is imposed over all assets and all interests in

property held by or previously held by Defendant

          , and of Defendants              and

             that were commingled or otherwise accumulated or

acquired with charitable proceeds;

5. Defendants , , and

            are to disgorge all assets and all interests in
   

property held under the constructive trust to the Attorney

General for distribution to other charitable organizations;

Law:

§ 1.501(c)(3)-1 Organizations organized and operated for religious, charitable, scientific, testing
for public safety, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals.

(a) Organizational and operational tests.

(1) In order to be exempt as an organization described in section 501(c)(3), an organization must
be both organized and operated exclusively for one or more of the purposes specified in such

Form 886-A(Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -2-

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31, 20xx

section. If an organization fails to meet either the organizational test or the operational test, it is not
exempt.

(2) The term exempt purpose or purposes, as used in this section, means any purpose or purposes
specified in section 501(c)(3), as defined and elaborated in paragraph (d) of this section.

(b) Organizational test -

(1) In general.

(i) An organization is organized exclusively for one or more exempt purposes only if its articles of
organization (referred to in this section as its articles) as defined in subparagraph (2) of this
paragraph:

(a) Limit the purposes of such organization to one or more exempt purposes; and

(b) Do not expressly empower the organization to engage, otherwise than as an insubstantial part of
its activities, in activities which in themselves are not in furtherance of one or more exempt
purposes.

§ 1.501(c)(3)-1(5) Construction of terms. The law of the State in which an organization is created
shall be controlling in construing the terms of its articles. However, any organization which
contends that such terms have under State law a different meaning from their generally accepted
meaning must establish such special meaning by clear and convincing reference to relevant court
decisions, opinions of the State attorney-general, or other evidence of applicable State law.

Government's Position:

Section 1.501(c)(3)-1(a)(1) of the Income Tax Regulations ("regulations") provides that in order to
be exempt as an organization described under section 501(c)(3) of the Code, an organization must
be both organized and operated exclusively for one or more purposes specified in such section. If
an organization fails to meet either the organizational test or the operational test, it is not exempt.
fails the organizational test since its Incorporation with the State of has been dissolved
by court order, due to fraud. Therefore, your organization fails the organizational test, as described
in regulation § 1.501(c)(3)-1(b).

Taxpayer's Position:

It is unknown if agrees with the revocation, but they did advise that they have not been in
operation since the court order of 20xx.

Conclusion:

          should be revoked under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code effective January 1,

20xx, for having been dissolved, as ordered by the Court of , ,

Form 886-A(Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -3-

Form 886A Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Schedule No. or
Explanation of Items Exhibit
Name of Taxpayer Year/Period Ended
December 31, 20xx

          , for being a fraudulent organization.              fails the organizational test, as described in

regulation § 1.501(c)(3)-1(b).

Form 886-A(Rev.4-68) Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service

Page: -4-