IRS addresses debt, liability, ownership, and timing issues in corporate spin-off and merger

Plain-English summary

A public corporate group proposed separating one worldwide business into a new publicly held controlled corporation, followed shortly by the controlled corporation's acquisition of an unrelated merger partner. The plan included internal liquidations and asset transfers, controlled-corporation debt and cash distributions, an investment-bank debt exchange, a partial pro rata spin-off, and possible share repurchases. Assuming the represented section 355 and section 368 reorganization treatment, the IRS issued thirteen rulings on discrete issues. Among other results, the investment-bank exchange and later purging distributions would not disrupt section 355 or section 361 treatment, qualifying deductible liabilities would be excluded from specified liability calculations, and the internal entity conversions could qualify as complete section 332 liquidations. The rulings also addressed section 355(e) ownership offsets and public filings, cash paid for fractional shares, pro rata treatment of share repurchases, board designations, and post-distribution payments tied to earlier periods. The IRS did not rule on the transaction's overall tax consequences beyond those specific issues.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: How do the proposed debt exchanges, liability assumptions, ownership changes, fractional-share payments, liquidations, and later payments affect the planned corporate separation?
• Outcome: Approved on thirteen discrete issues, subject to the stated representations and assumed reorganization treatment.
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 332, 355, 357, 358, 361, 368, 1001; Treas. Reg. § 1.355-7; Rev. Rul. 2004-78

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201721002 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 5/26/2017 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 332.00-00, 355.00-00,
357.02-01, 358.03-00, Person To Contact:
361.02-02 -----------------------, ID No. -------------------
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--------------------- Telephone Number:
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--------------------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------- CC:CORP:B04
---------------------------------- PLR-125886-16
Date:
February 17, 2017

Legend

Distributing = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Merger Partner = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Controlled = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Owner A = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Owner B = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Sub 1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Sub 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Sub 3 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Sub 4 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Newco 1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Newco 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red DRE = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 3 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 4 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 5 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 6 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Red Sub 7 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Green DRE 1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Green DRE 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Green DRE 3 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Merger Sub = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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PLR-125886-16 4

Controlled Red = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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State A = --------------

State B = ----------

State C = -----------

Business A = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Business B = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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a = ----

b = ----

c = ----

Dear -----------:

   This letter responds to your letter dated August 19, 2016, requesting rulings on

certain federal income tax consequences of certain proposed transactions. The
information provided in that letter and in subsequent correspondence is summarized
below.

  The rulings contained in this letter are based on facts and representations

submitted by the taxpayer and accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement
executed by an appropriate party. This office has not verified any of the material
submitted in support of the request for rulings. Verification of the information,
representations, and other data may be required as part of the audit process.

    This letter is issued pursuant to section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2016-1, 2016-1, I.R.B.

1, regarding one or more significant issues under sections 332, 355, 357, 358, and 361
of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). The rulings contained in this letter only address
one or more discrete legal issues involved in the transaction. This office expresses no
opinion as to the overall tax consequences of the transactions described in this letter or
as to any issue not specifically addressed by the rulings below.

                                            Facts

PLR-125886-16 5

   Distributing is the common parent of an affiliated group of corporations that file a

U.S. consolidated federal income tax return. More than a percent of Distributing’s stock
is publicly traded and widely held, and less than b percent of its stock, in the aggregate,
is owned by Owner A, a State A limited liability company electing to be classified as a
corporation, and Owner B, a State A corporation, each a first-tier subsidiary of
Distributing. Distributing and its subsidiaries are engaged in Business A and in
Business B.

   Distributing owns 100 percent of each of Sub 1, Owner A, Owner B, and,

indirectly through disregarded entity Red DRE, 100 percent of several domestic and
foreign entities (the “Red Subs”). The Red Subs include Red Sub 1, Red Sub 2, Red
Sub 3, Red Sub 4, Red Sub 5, Red Sub 6, and Red Sub 7. Sub 1, in turn, owns,
indirectly through disregarded entities, 100 percent of Sub 2, which, in turn, owns 100
percent of Sub 3, which, in turn, owns 100 percent of Sub 4. Each of Owner A, Owner
B, Sub 1, Sub 2, Sub 3, Sub 4, Red Sub 1, Red Sub 3, Red Sub 4, Red Sub 5, and Red
Sub 6 is a member of Distributing’s U.S. federal consolidated group.

  Distributing owns, directly and indirectly through disregarded entities, 100

percent of the interest in each of a group of disregarded entities (the “Green DREs”).
The Green DREs include Green DRE 1, Green DRE 2, and Green DRE 3.

    Pursuant to the Proposed Transactions, the Business B assets and operations

will be separated from the Business A assets and operations, resulting in two publicly
held, worldwide groups (the “Separation”).

  Shortly after the Separation, Controlled will acquire all of the stock of Merger

Partner, an unrelated State C corporation, in exchange for Controlled stock, in a
transaction where Controlled’s pre-Combination shareholders will retain more than c
percent of the stock voting power and value of Controlled (the “Combination”).

                              Proposed Transaction

   For what have been represented to be valid business purposes, the following

steps have been proposed (the “Proposed Transaction”):

  (i)   Distributing will form a new corporation (“Controlled”). Controlled will form

a merger subsidiary (“Merger Sub”).

  (ii)    Distributing will form directly, and indirectly, certain disregarded entities to

separate its Business B from its Business A including the “Controlled Green DREs” and
the “Controlled Red DRE”.

   (iii)   Distributing will form Newco 1, a State A limited liability company electing

to be classified as a corporation, and Newco 2, a State B corporation.
PLR-125886-16 6

   (iv)   The Green DREs will transfer certain intangibles related to Business B to

the Controlled Green DREs. Several transactions will be effected to align Distributing’s
ownership of the Green DREs and the Controlled Green DREs into separate chains.
Distributing and Controlled will enter into a cross license agreement with respect to
patents to be used in their respective businesses.

    (v)    Red Sub 7 will make a cash distribution to Red DRE, which will then

distribute the cash to Distributing.

    (vi)   Red DRE will contribute the Red Subs to Controlled Red DRE, and will

distribute the membership interests in Controlled Red DRE to Distributing (or sell such
interests to Distributing in exchange for a receivable and then extinguish the receivable
by distributing it to Distributing).

  (vii) Red Sub 7 will transfer its non-Business B assets to Newco 2 for fair

market value consideration, and distribute cash (including cash sales proceeds, if any)
to Controlled Red DRE, which in turn will distribute such cash to Distributing.

  (viii) Sub 1 will make an entity classification election to be treated as

disregarded from Distributing (with Sub 1 hereinafter referred to as “DRE 1”).

   (ix)    Sub 2 will make an entity classification election to be treated as

disregarded from Distributing (with Sub 2 hereinafter referred to as “DRE 2”) (together
with the entity classification election by Sub 1 in Step viii, the “Liquidations”).

    (x)    Sub 3 will sell its non-Business B assets to Distributing in exchange for

cash.

    (xi)   Sub 4 will sell its non-Business B assets to Newco 1 in exchange for cash.

    The Controlled Contribution

   (xii) DRE 1 will distribute the membership interests in DRE 2 to Distributing,

and Distributing will contribute such membership interests in DRE 2 and receivables
due from Sub 3 to Controlled in exchange for Controlled stock and Controlled’s
assumption of liabilities (including certain pension liabilities) related to Business B,
certain of which will be deductible by (or capitalized into the asset basis of) Controlled.
Controlled may, in turn, contribute the receivables due from Sub 3 to Sub 3 (indirectly
through DRE 2), in cancellation of the receivables.

  (xiii) Distributing will contribute certain historic, directly held Business B assets

to Sub 3 in exchange for Sub 3 stock, and then contribute such Sub 3 stock, the Merger
Sub stock, and the membership interests in (i) Controlled Red DRE, and (ii) the
Controlled Green DREs to Controlled in exchange for (i) Controlled stock, (ii) Controlled
PLR-125886-16 7

debt (the “Controlled Debt”), and (iii) Controlled’s assumption of liabilities (including
certain pension liabilities) related to Business B, certain of which will be deductible by
(or capitalized into the asset basis of) Controlled (such contribution, together with the
contribution of DRE 2 interests and Sub 3 receivables in Step xii, the “Controlled
Contribution” and such deductible (or capitalized) liabilities, together with the deductible
(or capitalized) liabilities described in Step xii, the “Deductible Liabilities”). Controlled, in
turn, will contribute certain Business B assets received in this step to
Sub 3 (indirectly through DRE 2).

  (xiv) Controlled will issue third party debt, in exchange for borrowing cash

proceeds (the “Controlled Debt Proceeds”).

   (xv) Controlled will distribute the Controlled Debt Proceeds to Distributing.

Distributing will deposit any Controlled Debt Proceeds into Distributing’s existing,
general accounts.

   (xvi) Distributing, within 18 months of the receipt of the Controlled Debt

Proceeds, will use an amount of cash (from its general accounts) equal to or greater
than the amount of the Controlled Debt Proceeds to repay certain existing Distributing
debt existing at the time of the receipt of the Controlled Debt Proceeds or subsequently
incurred during the 18-month period in the ordinary course of business and/or make
shareholder distributions or redemptions (the “Cash Proceeds Purge” and the manner
and timing of such repayments, distributions, redemptions, as well as distributions or
exchanges of Controlled Debt as described herein, the “Manner of Making Purging
Distributions”).

   (xvii) One or more investment banks (the “Investment Banks”), acting as

principals for their own account, will purchase a portion of the Distributing external debt
(such acquisition, the “Investment Bank Tender” and such debt, the “Exchange Debt”).
The Investment Banks may finance the Investment Bank Tender, in whole or in part,
through secured borrowings (including “repo” transactions) utilizing the Exchange Debt
as collateral.

    (xviii) Distributing will enter into an exchange agreement (the “Exchange

Agreement”) with the Investment Banks no sooner than five days after the Investment
Bank Tender pursuant to which the Investment Banks will exchange the Exchange Debt
for some or all of the Controlled Debt (the “Controlled Exchange Securities”, and such
exchange, the “Investment Bank Debt Exchange”). The Investment Bank Debt
Exchange will occur at least 14 days after the Investment Bank Tender. Any remaining
Controlled Debt will be distributed to Distributing’s creditors (other than the Investment
Banks) and/or Distributing’s shareholders within 18 months of receipt by Distributing
(i.e., pursuant to the Manner of Making Purging Distributions). The Investment Banks
may hedge various risks related to holding the Distributing debt with third parties.
PLR-125886-16 8

   (xix) Distributing will recapitalize the shares of Distributing stock held by Owner

A and Owner B into common shares (or “common-equivalent preferred” shares) of
Distributing stock that receive additional Distributing stock (instead of Controlled stock)
in connection with the External Distribution (defined below).

   (xx) Controlled will recapitalize the existing shares of Controlled common stock

held by Distributing by subdividing such shares into a number of shares equal to the
number of outstanding shares of Distributing stock (excluding the shares of Distributing
stock held by Owner A and Owner B that were recapitalized in Step xix).

   The External Distribution

    (xxi) Distributing will distribute the Controlled stock to its public shareholders

(i.e., excluding Owner A and Owner B) in a partial pro-rata spin-off (the “External
Distribution”). Distributing will deliver Controlled shares to an exchange agent on behalf
of the Controlled shareholders representing the aggregate of the fractional shares to
which they are entitled, and the exchange agent will sell the shares in an open-market
transaction and remit the cash proceeds to the shareholders otherwise entitled to
receive the fractional shares. Certain continuing relationships between Distributing and
Controlled may give rise to payments made between Controlled and Distributing. The
cumulative amount (measured on a rolling basis) of the net payments, if any, from
Controlled to Distributing will be used pursuant to the Manner of Making Purging
Distributions (within 18 months of the receipt by Distributing of each such payment).

   (xxii) Distributing will distribute additional Distributing common stock (or

additional “common-equivalent preferred” stock) to Owner A and Owner B.

   The Combination

   (xxiii) Controlled will acquire all of the stock of Merger Partner in a reverse

subsidiary merger transaction in which Merger Sub merges with and into Merger
Partner, with Merger Partner surviving (the “Combination”). The Combination will result
in the Controlled shareholders retaining a direct interest in Controlled of greater than c
percent of the voting power and value of all of the Controlled stock.

   (xxiv) Following the Combination, Controlled may carry out open-market share

repurchases or accelerated share repurchases (the “Share Repurchases”). The Share
Repurchases, if consummated, will be motivated by a corporate business purpose, will
be made with respect to widely held shares and will not be motivated by a desire to
increase or decrease the ownership percentage of any particular shareholder or group
of shareholders.

                                Representations

PLR-125886-16 9

  (a)    The Controlled Contribution and the External Distribution will qualify as a

reorganization within the meaning of §§ 355 and 368(a)(1)(D).

    (b)    Pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, within 18 months of receipt of the

Controlled Debt Proceeds from Controlled, Distributing will use an amount of cash equal
to (or greater than) the amount of the Controlled Debt Proceeds pursuant to the Manner
of Making Purging Distributions.

   (c)    None of the Distributing Exchange Debt will have been issued in

anticipation of the External Distribution.

   (d)     The Investment Banks acquiring the Distributing Exchange Debt in

connection with the Investment Bank Tender will (i) no sooner than the 5th day following
the acquisition of the Distributing Exchange Debt, enter into the Exchange Agreement
with Distributing to exchange it for Controlled Exchange Securities and (ii) no sooner
than the 14th day following the Investment Bank Tender, begin to consummate the
Investment Bank Debt Exchange.

   (e)     Within 18 months of receipt of the Controlled Debt (including the

Controlled Exchange Securities), Distributing will distribute such debt to Distributing’s
creditors (including the Investment Banks) and/or shareholders.

   (f)    The purpose for any exchange or distribution of the Controlled Debt

(including the Controlled Exchange Securities) occurring after the External Distribution
would be to implement such exchange or distribution efficiently (including the
Investment Bank Debt Exchange) and such delay would be expected to be caused by
external market conditions.

  (g)      The Deductible Liabilities did not result in the creation of, or increase in

the basis of, any asset prior to the Controlled Contribution.

   (h)    The Deductible Liabilities are accrued liabilities for financial accounting

purposes by Distributing, but will not meet the timing requirement for a deduction by
Distributing before the Controlled Contribution under Distributing’s method of tax
accounting. The Deductible Liabilities will meet the timing requirements for a deduction
by Controlled after the Controlled Contribution under Controlled’s method of tax
accounting.

   (i)   The Deductible Liabilities assumed by Controlled were incurred in the

ordinary course of business and are related to the Business B.

    (j)  Any Share Repurchases will not be related to the Proposed Transactions,

and are expected to occur at approximately the same times, and to be in the same or a
lesser amount, as the Share Repurchases that Merger Partner would have undertaken
if the Combination did not occur.
PLR-125886-16 10

   (k)     Except for the transfer of DRE 2 to Controlled in the Controlled

Contribution, the Liquidations will not be preceded or followed by the reincorporation in,
or transfer or sale to, a recipient corporation (“Recipient”) of any of the businesses or
assets of Sub 1 or Sub 2, if persons holding, directly or indirectly, more than 20 percent
in value of the stock of Sub 1 or Sub 2 also hold, directly or indirectly, more than 20
percent in value of the stock in Recipient.

    (l)    The payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares of Controlled stock is

solely for the purpose of avoiding the expense and inconvenience of issuing fractional
shares and does not represent separately bargained for consideration. No Distributing
shareholder will receive cash in an amount equal to or greater than the value of one full
share of Controlled common stock.

                                      Rulings

  Based solely on the information submitted and the representations set forth

above, we rule as follows:

    1.    The involvement of the Investment Banks in the Investment Bank Tender

and the Investment Bank Debt Exchange will not preclude the application of § 361(c)(3)
to the Investment Bank Debt Exchange.

   2.      Provided the Distributing Exchange Debt (or Distributing debt other than

the Distributing Exchange Debt in satisfaction of which Controlled Debt is distributed)
constitutes “securities” for purposes of §§ 355 and 361, and the Controlled Debt to be
transferred in cancellation of the Distributing Exchange Debt (or such other Distributing
debt) has comparable terms (e.g., comparable remaining period to maturity, but not
necessarily comparable interest rate), the Controlled Debt will constitute “securities” for
purposes of §§ 355 and 361 under the principles of Rev. Rul. 2004-78.

   3.      Distributing’s completion of the Investment Bank Debt Exchange and, if

necessary, any distribution of the Controlled Debt to Distributing’s creditors (other than
the Investment Banks) and/or Distributing’s shareholders following the date of the
External Distribution, will not preclude (i) the Controlled Contribution, (ii) the External
Distribution, or (iii) the Investment Bank Debt Exchange from qualifying under §§ 355
and 361.

    4.     The Cash Proceeds Purge, and any distribution or exchange by

Distributing of Controlled debt (including the Investment Bank Exchange), in each case
pursuant to the Manner of Making Purging Distributions, will be treated as being
distributed pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization for purposes of §§ 361(b) and (c).

     5.     The Deductible Liabilities will be excluded in determining the amount of

liabilities of Distributing assumed by Controlled for purposes of §§ 357(c), 358(d) and
PLR-125886-16 11

361(b)(3), to the extent payment of the Deductible Liabilities would give rise to a
deduction (or be capitalized into basis in assets by Controlled).

    6.     To the extent that Controlled shareholders are widely held, publicly traded

mutual funds that are also Merger Partner shareholders immediately prior to the
Combination, for purposes of § 355(e), the increase in direct or indirect (based on the
attribution principles under § 318(a)(2)(C)) ownership percentage of Controlled stock by
reason of being a Merger Partner shareholder immediately prior to the Combination is
offset by the decrease in such ownership percentage by reason of being a Controlled
shareholder immediately prior to the Combination, determined without regard to
changes in ownership of such funds by their public shareholders.

   7.      For purposes of § 355(e), in calculating the offset, by reason of being a

Controlled shareholder immediately prior to the Combination, of any increase of a
shareholder’s Controlled stock ownership percentage, Distributing, absent actual
knowledge, may rely upon the publicly filed documents reporting ownership as of the
closest point in time preceding the Combination that disclose the relevant shareholders’
ownership percentage of stock in the relevant corporation.

    8.     The receipt of cash by a Distributing shareholder in lieu of a fractional

share of Controlled stock will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if the
fractional share had been transferred to the Distributing shareholder as part of the
External Distribution and had then been disposed of by the Distributing shareholder for
the amount of cash in a § 1001(a) sale or exchange. For purposes of § 355(e), the sale
of fractional shares in the market will not be treated as acquisitions that are part of the
plan that includes the External Distribution.

    9.     To the extent the Share Repurchases are treated as part of a plan (or

series of related transactions) with the External Distribution for purposes of § 355(e), the
Share Repurchases will be treated as being made from all public shareholders (defined
as shareholders who are not a “controlling shareholder” or a “ten-percent shareholder”
within the meaning of §§ 1.355-7(h)(3) and (14)) of Controlled common stock on a pro
rata basis for purposes of testing the effect of the Share Repurchases on the External
Distribution under § 355(e).

   10.    The initial designations of the post-Combination members of the

Controlled board of directors will not affect the determination of the total voting power or
value of the stock of Controlled acquired within the meaning of § 355(e).

   11.    The Controlled Contribution will not preclude the Liquidations from

qualifying as complete liquidations within the meaning of § 332.

      12.    Payments from Distributing, or any of its affiliates, to Controlled, or any of

its affiliates, or vice versa, under any continuing relationships regarding liabilities,
indemnities, or other obligations that (i) have arisen or will arise for a taxable period
PLR-125886-16 12

ending on or before the External Distribution and (ii) will not become fixed and
ascertainable until after the External Distribution, will be treated as occurring
immediately before the External Distribution, except for purposes of § 355(g). See
Arrowsmith v. Commissioner, 344 U.S. 6 (1952); Rev. Rul. 83-73, 1983-1 C.B. 84.

   13.     The amount of any other property, within the meaning of § 361(b),

received by Distributing from Controlled after the External Distribution and attributable to
a taxable period ending on or before the External Distribution will be treated for
purposes of §§ 361(b) and (c) as distributed (i) by Controlled to Distributing pursuant to
the Plan of Reorganization in an amount equal to the cumulative excess (the “Excess”)
of the gross amount of such other property received by Distributing over the gross
amount of property transferred by Distributing to Controlled after the External
Distribution attributable to a taxable period ending on or before the External Distribution
(as measured on a rolling basis, 18 months after each receipt of such other property by
Distributing) and (ii) by Distributing pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, provided that
Distributing uses a cumulative amount (measured on a rolling basis) equal to the
Excess pursuant to the Manner of Making Purging Distributions (within 18 months from
the date of each such receipt).

                                     Caveats

   Except as expressly provided herein, no opinion is expressed or implied

concerning the tax treatment of the Proposed Transaction under any provision of the
Code and regulations or the tax treatment of any condition existing at the time of, or
effects resulting from the Proposed Transaction that is not specifically covered by the
above rulings.

    Temporary or final regulations pertaining to one or more of the issues addressed

in this ruling have not yet been adopted. Therefore, this ruling will be modified or
revoked by the adoption of temporary or final regulations, to the extent the regulations
are inconsistent with any conclusion in the letter ruling. See section 11.04 of Rev. Proc.
2016-1, 2016-1 I.R.B. 1, 61. However, when the criteria in section 11.06 of Rev. Proc.
2016-1, 2016-1 I.R.B. 1, 62 are satisfied, a ruling is not revoked or modified retroactively
except in rare or unusual circumstances.

                             Procedural Statements

  This letter is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) of the

Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

   A copy of this letter must be attached to any income tax return to which it is

relevant. Alternatively, taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this
requirement by attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control
number of the letter ruling.
PLR-125886-16 13

   Pursuant to the power of attorney on file in this matter, a copy of this letter is

being sent to your authorized representatives.

                                       Sincerely,



                                       _____________________________________
                                       Gerald B, Fleming
                                       Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 2
                                       Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate)

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