Late QSST elections preserve S and QSub status

Plain-English summary

A shareholder transferred S corporation stock to three trusts intended to qualify as qualified subchapter S trusts, but their income beneficiaries did not timely file QSST elections. The missing elections terminated the corporation's S election and made its subsidiary's later QSub election invalid. The IRS found both defects inadvertent. It allowed the corporation to retain continuous S status and the subsidiary to retain QSub status if the beneficiaries filed the QSST elections effective on the transfer date within 120 days.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: Will late QSST elections preserve the corporation's S status and its subsidiary's QSub status?
• Outcome: approved
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(b)(3), 1361(d), 1362(d)(2), 1362(f); Treas. Reg. § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii)

Full text (IRS public release)

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 201650007 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 12/9/2016 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.00-00, 1361.03-00,
1361.03-02, 1361.05-00, Person To Contact:
1362.00-00, 1362.04-00 ---------------------, ID No. ------------------
Telephone Number:
-------------------------------- ----------------------
----------------------------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
-------------------- CC:PSI:B01
-------------------------------- PLR-107179-16
Date:
August 30, 2016

Legend

X = --------------------------------

Y = --------------------------------

A = ----------------------

Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trust 3 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

State = -------------

m = ----------

n = ----------

Date 1 = -----------------

Date 2 = ----------------------
PLR-107179-16 2

Date 3 = --------------------

Dear ------------------:

   This responds to a letter dated March 1, 2016, submitted on behalf of X from X’s

authorized representative, requesting inadvertent termination relief pursuant to
§ 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Facts

  The information submitted states that X was incorporated under the laws of State

on Date 1 and elected to be treated as an S corporation, effective Date 1. A acquired m
shares of X on Date 2. X has owned all of the outstanding stock of Y at all times since
Date 3. X filed in a timely manner an election to treat Y as a qualified subchapter S
subsidiary (QSub) to be effective Date 3.

    On Date 2, A transferred n shares of X to each of three irrevocable trusts,

Trust 1, Trust 2, and Trust 3 (together, the Trusts). X represents that each of the Trusts
qualifies to be a qualified subchapter S trust (QSST) under § 1361(d), and that each of
the Trusts was intended to qualify as a QSST. The income beneficiaries for each trust
intended to file an election for Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3, respectively, to be treated as
a QSST. However, all income beneficiaries inadvertently failed timely to file the
appropriate election under § 1362(d)(2). Therefore, X's S corporation election
terminated as of Date 2, and Y’s QSub election was invalid as of its effective date.

   X represents that the circumstances resulting in the termination of X's

S corporation election and the invalidity of Y’s QSub election were inadvertent and were
not motivated by tax avoidance. X also represents that each of the beneficiaries of the
Trusts reported their allocable shares of the Trusts' income consistent with the
treatment of the Trusts as QSSTs on all affected returns. X and its shareholders have
agreed to make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of X as an
S corporation and Y as a QSub) as may be required by the Secretary.

Law and Analysis

  Section 1362(a) provides that, except as provided in § 1362(g), a small business

corporation may elect, in accordance with the provisions of § 1362, to be an S
corporation.

    Section 1361(a)(1) provides that the term “S corporation” means, with respect to

any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under §1362(a) is
in effect for such year.
PLR-107179-16 3

  Section 1361(b)(1)(B) provides, in relevant part, that the term “small business

corporation” means a domestic corporation which is not an ineligible corporation and
which does not have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust described
in §1361(c)(2), or an organization described in §1361(c)(6)) who is not an individual.

   Section 1361(b)(3)(A) provides that, except as provided in regulations prescribed

by the Secretary, for purposes of the Code -- (i) a corporation which is a QSub shall not
be treated as a separate corporation, and (ii) all assets, liabilities, and items of income,
deduction, and credit of a QSub shall be treated as assets, liabilities, and such items (as
the case may be) of the S corporation.

    Section 1361(b)(3)(B) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(3), the term

“qualified subchapter S subsidiary” means any domestic corporation which is not an
ineligible corporation (as defined in § 1361(b)(2)), if -- (i) 100 percent of the stock of
such corporation is held by the S corporation, and (ii) the S corporation elects to treat
such corporation as a QSub.

   Section 1361(b)(3)(C)(i) provides that, for purposes of the Code, if any

corporation which was a QSub ceases to meet the requirements of § 1361(b)(3)(B),
such corporation shall be treated as a new corporation acquiring all of its assets (and
assuming all of its liabilities) immediately before such cessation from the S corporation
in exchange for its stock.

   Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all

of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of Chapter 1) as owned by
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be a shareholder.

    Section 1361(c)(2)(B)(i) provides that, for purposes of § 1361(b)(1), in the case of

a trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i), the deemed owner shall be treated as the
shareholder.

   Section 1361(d)(1) provides, in relevant part, that in the case of a QSST with

respect to which a beneficiary makes an election under § 1361(d)(2) -- (A) such trust
shall be treated as a trust described in § 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) and, (B) for purposes of
§ 678(a), the beneficiary of such trust shall be treated as the owner of that portion of the
trust which consists of stock in an S corporation with respect to which the election under
§ 1361(d)(2) is made.

   Section 1361(d)(2)(A) provides that a beneficiary of a QSST (or his legal

representative) may elect to have § 1361(d) apply. Section 1361(d)(2)(D) provides that
an election under § 1361(d)(2) shall be effective up to 15 days and 2 months before the
date of the election.
PLR-107179-16 4

    Section 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii) of the Income Tax Regulations provides that the current

income beneficiary of the trust must make the election under § 1361(d)(2) by signing
and filing with the service center with which the corporation files its income tax return
the applicable form or a statement including the information listed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(ii).

    Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) will be

terminated whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for
which the corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small
business corporation. Section 1362(d)(2)(B) provides that the termination shall be
effective on and after the date of cessation.

    Section 1362(f) provides that if -- (1) an election under § 1362(a) or

§ 1361(b)(3)(B)(ii) by any corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which
made by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of section 1361(b), or was
terminated under § 1362(d)(2) or (3) or § 1361(b)(3)(C), (2) the Secretary determines
that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination were inadvertent,
(3) no later than a reasonable period of time after discovery of the circumstances
resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps were taken so that the corporation
for which the election was made or the termination occurred is a small business
corporation or a QSub, as the case may be, and (4) the corporation for which the
election was made or the termination occurred, and each person who was a
shareholder in the corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to
§ 1362(f), agrees to make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of the
corporation as an S corporation or a QSub, as the case may be) as may be required by
the Secretary with respect to such period, then, notwithstanding the circumstances
resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, such corporation shall be treated as an
S corporation or a QSub, as the case may be, during the period specified by the
Secretary.

Conclusion

    Based solely on the representations made and the information submitted, we

conclude that X's S corporation election terminated under § 1362(d)(2) on Date 2
because QSST elections were not filed for Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3. As a result, we
also conclude that Y’s QSub election was invalid under § 1361(b)(3)(B) on Date 3
because Y was not wholly-owned by an S corporation. We further conclude that the
termination and invalidity were inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Accordingly,
pursuant to the provisions of § 1362(f), X will be treated as continuing to be an
S corporation from Date 2 and thereafter, provided that the respective income
beneficiaries for Trust 1, Trust 2 and Trust 3 file a QSST election with the appropriate
service center, effective Date 2, within 120 days following the date of this letter. A copy
of this letter should be attached to each of the QSST elections. Further, Y will be
treated as a QSub of X from Date 3 and thereafter, provided that Y’s QSub election was
otherwise valid and has not otherwise terminated.
PLR-107179-16 5

   All of X's shareholders, in determining their respective income tax liabilities from

Date 2 and thereafter, must include their pro rata share of the separately stated items of
income (including tax-exempt income), loss, deduction, or credit and non-separately
stated computed items of income or loss of X as provided in § 1366, make any
adjustments to basis as provided in § 1367, and take into account any distributions
made by X as provided in § 1368.

   Except as specifically ruled above, we express or imply no opinion concerning

the federal tax consequences of the transactions described above under any other
provision of the Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion on whether X is
otherwise eligible to be treated as an S corporation, whether Y is otherwise eligible to
be treated as a QSub, or whether Trust 1, Trust 2 or Trust 3 are otherwise eligible to be
treated as QSSTs.

   This ruling letter is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3)

of the Code provides that it may not be used or cited as precedent.

   In accordance with a power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter

is being sent to X's authorized representatives.

                                   Sincerely,


                                   Joy C. Spies
                                   Joy C. Spies
                                   Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                   Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                   (Passthroughs & Special Industries)

Enclosures (2)
Copy of this letter
Copy for §6110 purposes

cc: