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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
29 decisions 29 C.F.R. § 1926.450(a)(10)

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ALJ

Irwin Steel Erectors Inc.

Four contested construction items vacated

Irwin Steel Erectors performed steel erection and welding during construction of a Motorola facility in Austin, Texas. At the hearing, it resolved six serious citation items by withdrawing its contests in exchange for reduced penalties. The four remaining items concerned fire-extinguisher access…

August 30, 1993 ·E. Carter Botkin
Mixed result
COMM

Dover Elevator Company

Unsecured-ladder item reduced to de minimis by settlement

Dover Elevator was an elevator subcontractor on a renovation project in New York City where OSHA issued serious, repeat, and other-than-serious citations. The Commission directed review only of an unsecured portable ladder item that the ALJ had affirmed as repeated with a $1,000 penalty. In a…

August 11, 1993
Modified
COMM

Dover Elevator Company

Settlement retained one ladder violation and $720 penalty

Dover Elevator employees worked in an open elevator shaft during a building renovation. OSHA cited inadequate safety training, failure to use fall protection, an unsecured ladder, and unguarded floor openings. The judge vacated the training item and affirmed the other three items with penalties…

June 5, 1991
Settled
COMM

Tri-City Electrical Contractors, Inc.

Ladder settlement approved with $100 penalty

Tri-City Electrical Contractors was cited for unsecured portable ladders, improperly constructed job-made ladders, and unguarded open-sided floors at an apartment construction project. The Commission approved a settlement in which the Secretary withdrew the unsecured-ladder item and its $300…

February 14, 1991
Settled
COMM

Williams Enterprises, Inc.

Four citation items and $2,300 penalty became final

Williams Enterprises was the steel-erection contractor for a multistory building in Virginia. OSHA cited perimeter fall protection, an improperly positioned and unsecured ladder, an unbarricaded crane swing radius, missing perimeter railings, and gaps in temporary flooring. The judge vacated the…

April 16, 1987
Mixed result
COMM

Brown-McKee, Inc.

Ladder, roof-edge, and floor-opening violations affirmed

Brown-McKee left an unsecured ladder available between roof levels where employees were working. Employees also pulled materials onto a roof 54 feet above ground without safety belts, lifelines, or perimeter guardrails. Three separate floor, ladderway, and hatchway openings exposed employees to…

April 18, 1980
Citations affirmed
COMM

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc.

Repeated scaffold guardrail violation affirmed

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc. was cited after a hod carrier removed blocks from the unguarded 13-foot level of a partially dismantled scaffold. Although the compliance officer did not see the employee on the upper level, photographs taken ten minutes apart established exposure through…

January 3, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Julian Hirschbein, d/b/a State Home Improvement Co.

Roofer fall-protection citation affirmed

State Home Improvement Company employees installed shingles on a sloped, two-story roof without safety belts, lifelines, catch platforms, or other protection capable of preventing a fall. A wooden toeboard helped prevent slipping but could not stop a fall of more than 16 feet, and testimony…

December 20, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hogan Mechanical, Inc.

Citations vacated because foreman's exposure was not foreseeable

Hogan Mechanical installed mechanical equipment at construction sites and employed a working foreman who reported directly to the company president. OSHA cited the company for unsecured ladder conditions and missing guardrails after the foreman went alone to a church project, although he had told…

December 19, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Mayfair Construction Company

Sears Tower citation items split

Mayfair performed concrete construction during the Sears Tower project and contested eight nonserious citation items. The Commission vacated a temporary-wiring item because OSHA did not connect Mayfair employees to the specific wiring hazards. It also vacated a ladder-cleat item because the spacing…

September 26, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

General Steel Fabricators

Six-item penalty reduced to $90

General Steel Fabricators received six nonserious citations involving cylinder transport, a portable ladder, crane safety measures, and tag lines. The company challenged only the judge's decision to assess $600 when OSHA had proposed a total of $90. The Commission confirmed that it may assess more…

September 16, 1977
Modified
COMM

Jerry Botchlet Masonry Construction Co.

Commission narrows scaffold citation and reduces penalty to $50

Jerry Botchlet Masonry Construction employees worked from a main scaffold about 20 feet high and two lower relay scaffolds. The main scaffold had a toprail but lacked a midrail and toeboard, while the relay scaffolds were temporarily unguarded after being lowered and stocked. The Commission found…

May 27, 1977
Modified
COMM

Clarence Brown, d/b/a Brown's Contracting

First-aid item vacated, ladder and scaffold violations stand

Brown's Contracting was reroofing and residing a residential building when OSHA cited first-aid, ladder, and scaffold conditions. The Commission reviewed the first-aid item and held that OSHA did not prove supplies were unavailable because an employee said bandages were generally kept in the trucks…

May 10, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Capitol Erection and Engineering Company, Inc.

Crane, ladder, and fall items produced a mixed $1,280 result

Capitol Erection was a structural-steel subcontractor working on a medical-center project in Mississippi. The judge affirmed an unsecured-ladder item, several admitted crane defects, a missing crane-cab fire extinguisher, an inadequate boom-jib stop, and a fall-protection item involving employees…

April 19, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Anthony Izzo Company, Inc.

Unguarded masonry scaffolds and seven other items affirmed

Anthony Izzo Company was a masonry contractor with employees working on two tubular welded-frame scaffolds. The platforms were 15 and 19 feet above concrete, lacked guardrails, midrails, and toeboards, and had employees working below them where bricks or debris could fall. The judge found a serious…

April 18, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

B. & S. Roofing Co., Inc.

Defective-ladder item affirmed without penalty

B. & S. Roofing employees worked near the edge of a flat roof without personal fall-protection equipment and accessed the roof using an extension ladder with a broken pulley rung and splintered rails. The judge affirmed the defective-ladder item because the standard prohibited use of a ladder with…

April 11, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Western Waterproofing Co., Inc.

Five suspension-scaffold items affirmed

Western Waterproofing employees sprayed a building from a two-point suspension scaffold supported by outrigger beams at heights up to 22 feet. The judge found that the outrigger supports lacked required bearing, anchorage, and bracing, and that the scaffold lacked a secondary tieback, safety belts…

March 17, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. and DIC Concrete, trading as DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Construction violations upheld with penalty reductions

DIC-Underhill was erecting concrete high-rise structures at a large New York construction site. A serious guardrail citation and $1,000 penalty became final because the company's notice of contest referred only to a later six-item nonserious citation. The judge merged a duplicate nonserious…

October 18, 1976
Modified
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Enterprise Roofing & Sheet Metal Co.; Anning-Johnson Company; Frank Briscoe Company, Inc.; Tri-State Roofing & Sheet Metal Company, Inc.

Flat-roof guard citations vacated

Four employers were cited for failing to install perimeter guarding on flat roofs. Applying its Central City Roofing decision, the Commission held that section 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to flat roofs and vacated the guard citations and their penalties in all four cases. Commissioner Cleary…

July 8, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp., individually, and DIC Concrete Corp., individually and trading as DIC-Underhill, A Joint Venture

Open-floor, saw, and ladder violations affirmed

DIC-Underhill performed structural concrete work on a high-rise building and garage complex. About 15 employees worked and moved within four feet of an unguarded second-floor perimeter approximately 13 feet above the ground. The Commission held that this showed actual exposure and that employee…

April 19, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Boring & Tunneling Co. of America

Trench ladder and shoring violations affirmed

Boring & Tunneling employees worked in a 14-foot-deep sewer trench reached by a short, improperly pitched, and unsecured ladder. The trench sides were nearly vertical, and the shoring used deteriorated, split, and rotting timbers while nearby highway traffic created vibration. The administrative…

December 29, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

M-CO Equipment Co., Inc.

Crane fire-extinguisher item reinstated

M-CO Equipment was installing a sewer line at an Arizona construction site. A required fire extinguisher for a crane was kept in a pickup truck normally about 150 feet away, and the truck moved around the worksite. The Commission held that this did not make the extinguisher accessible and available…

March 7, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Wayne Taysom & Eli Taysom, d/b/a Taysom Construction Company

Crane power-line violation affirmed with a $300 penalty

Taysom Construction was building a concrete bank vault and used a crane to move cement from a delivery truck to the vault. The crane boom contacted an energized 12,000-volt power line, and the delivery-truck driver was killed when current traveled through the crane cable and bucket. The judge found…

February 12, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

A. B. Hall, d/b/a Dixie Roofing & Metal Co.

Roof citations reduced to nonserious

Dixie Roofing employees installed roofing around 12 unguarded openings and along unguarded edges about 15 to 16 feet above lower surfaces. They also used an unsecured wooden ladder several times each day to reach the roof. The judge affirmed all three violations but reduced the roof-opening and…

January 28, 1975
Modified
COMM

J.E. Roupp & Company, Inc. and Denver Dry Wall Company

Drywall fall violations upheld

J.E. Roupp was the general contractor for an apartment-building project, and Denver Dry Wall was a subcontractor. A Denver Dry Wall employee was killed after stored railings fell and pushed him from an unguarded fourth-floor balcony, and another employee used a stairway without handrails or…

April 15, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Divesco Roofing and Insulation Company

Roof-platform and ladder violations affirmed

Divesco employees installed shingles on a roof 17 feet above the ground with a four-in-twelve slope, without a catch platform, parapet, or safety belts tied to lifelines. They also used a fully extended 20-foot ladder whose feet had safety shoes but whose top was not tied or otherwise secured…

August 13, 1973
Citations affirmed
COMM

Tilo Company, Inc.

Vague roofing-bracket item vacated

Tilo Company performed reroofing work on a private home in New York. OSHA issued five nonserious items for failing to provide roofing brackets, a catch platform or personal fall protection, first-aid arrangements, toilet facilities, and a secured access ladder. The Commission vacated the…

April 27, 1973
Mixed result

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.