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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
38 decisions 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1000(e)

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ALJ

Amazing Vitamins, LLC

Reconsideration denied and late contests dismissed

OSHA issued Amazing Vitamins numerous citations arising from inspections of its nutritional-supplement manufacturing facility, including later failure-to-abate and repeat items. The company filed notices of contest long after the 15-working-day deadlines and argued that settlement discussions, mail…

October 20, 2022 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Procedural
ALJ

Benise-Dowling, Inc.

Fire-suppression and eyewash violations affirmed

OSHA cited conditions at Benise-Dowling's powder-coating facility during a follow-up inspection. The judge affirmed a serious violation because a new electrostatic spray booth lacked automatic fire suppression, rejecting the company's claim that an earlier OSHA discussion deprived it of fair…

April 8, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Dierzen-Kewanee Heavy Industries, LTD

Unabated hazards resulted in $133,100 in penalties

Dierzen-Kewanee manufactured dump-truck bodies at a former boiler factory in Illinois. After settling earlier OSHA citations, the company paid only the first penalty installment, did not provide requested abatement information, and left many cited conditions uncorrected for a follow-up inspection…

March 26, 2009 ·Nancy J. Spies
Modified
ALJ

McWane, Inc., d/b/a Atlantic States Cast Iron Pipe Company

Repeat protective-clothing violation results in $10,000 penalty

An employee cleaned hot iron and calcium oxide from a foundry pit without heat- and chemical-resistant coveralls, exposing unprotected skin to thermal and chemical burns. McWane conceded the violation but disputed whether it was repeat. The judge found it substantially similar to a 2003 violation…

May 17, 2006 ·John H. Schumacher
Mixed result
COMM

Environmental Enterprises, Inc.

Settlement motion prompted remand for employee comment

Environmental Enterprises treated hazardous wastewater at its Cincinnati facility, where mixing sodium sulfide and an acid generated hydrogen sulfide that rendered an employee unconscious. The judge affirmed three serious violations involving excessive exposure, engineering or administrative…

October 20, 2004
Remanded
COMM

Gunite Corporation

Willful silica and respirator violations affirmed

Gunite operated a truck-parts foundry where employees were exposed to respirable silica from large quantities of sand used in the casting process. The Commission vacated four air-contaminant items because respirators provided adequate protection for four cited employees and the Secretary did not…

September 3, 2004
Mixed result
COMM

Sturm Ruger & Co., Pine Tree Castings Division

Targeted inspection and settlements affirmed

OSHA used injury and illness data from Pine Tree Castings to select the handgun-casting facility for a programmed inspection under a nationwide targeting plan. Sturm Ruger challenged the data survey, inspection warrant, discovery rulings, evidence, and subpoenas. The Commission held that OSHA had…

May 6, 2004
Mixed result
ALJ

Coastal Paving, Inc.

Twenty-three items affirmed after contest withdrawal

OSHA issued Coastal Paving three citations containing 23 serious, willful, and other-than-serious items against its asphalt manufacturing operation. Before the hearing, Coastal withdrew its contest and stated that it was no longer in business, had no employees, and could not refute the Secretary's…

January 2, 2003 ·Covette Rooney
Citations affirmed
COMM

Belden Brick Co.

OSHA silica exposure calculation upheld

OSHA sampled six employees at Belden Brick's Ohio manufacturing facility and found exposure to respirable dust containing crystalline silica above the permissible limits. Belden argued that each calculated silica limit should be compared only with the pure silica portion of the dust sample, rather…

September 22, 1999
Citations affirmed
COMM

Ohio Cast Products, Inc.

Silica dust calculation and $8,000 penalty affirmed

Ohio Cast Products sampled an employee performing work with silica-containing sand and disputed OSHA's method for deciding whether his exposure exceeded the permissible limit. The company argued that the calculated limit should be compared only with the pure silica portion of the sample. The…

September 22, 1999
Citations affirmed
COMM

G & C Foundry Company

Commission affirms silica engineering-control and formaldehyde-sampling citations against an iron foundry

G & C Foundry makes iron castings at a plant in Sandusky, Ohio, using induction furnaces that must be relined with silica every two weeks. OSHA measured workers relining the furnaces at up to 24 times the permissible silica dust limit and cited the company for failing to use feasible administrative…

July 31, 1997
Citations affirmed
COMM

Niemand Industries, Inc.

Talc items vacated after court rejected sampling method

OSHA cited Niemand for excessive talc exposure, unapproved dust masks, and failure to use feasible engineering or administrative controls. The Commission initially affirmed those items based on gravimetric sampling. The Eleventh Circuit held that OSHA could not prove a Table Z-3 violation with a…

September 4, 1996
Citations vacated
COMM

EBAA Iron, Inc.

Silica overexposure and control citations vacated

EBAA Iron operated a foundry in Cordele, Georgia, where OSHA sampled the breathing zone of an inner-diameter grinder operator and calculated exposure above the limit for respirable crystalline silica. EBAA showed that the grinding wheel contained 40 percent zirconium oxide and that OSHA's own…

February 7, 1995
Citations vacated
COMM

Niemand Industries, Inc.

Talc citations and $2,800 penalty vacated after court remand

OSHA cited Niemand Industries for employee talc exposure, use of unapproved dust masks, and failure to use feasible controls. The Eleventh Circuit reversed the Commission's earlier finding because OSHA had measured talc exposure with a technique not provided in Table Z-3. The Commission concluded…

July 29, 1994
Citations vacated
COMM

Bay State Refining Company

Lead and copper citations affirmed

Bay State manufactured brass and bronze ingots from scrap metal at its Chicopee, Massachusetts foundry. OSHA found employees overexposed to copper dust and lead and cited deficiencies in engineering controls, respirator selection and fit testing, contaminated-clothing practices, medical…

January 17, 1992
Citations affirmed
COMM

Central Brass Manufacturing Co.

EAJA award adjusted to $13,520

Central Brass sought attorney fees and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act after prevailing on several noise, lead, and silica citation items. An ALJ awarded $13,250, and the Secretary challenged the method used to allocate fees and expenses. The Commission held that it reviews its…

November 15, 1990
Procedural
COMM

General Dynamics Land Systems Division, Inc.

Freon confined-space case remanded for fact-finding

General Dynamics employees entered confined spaces where trichlorotrifluoroethane, known as freon, could cause poisoning or asphyxiation. An earlier decision vacated the general duty clause citation because an exposure-limit standard addressed the chemical. The D.C. Circuit held that the standard…

March 24, 1989
Remanded
COMM

Bunge Corporation

Grain-dust citations vacated

OSHA cited three Bunge grain-handling facilities under the mineral-dust provisions of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1000. The Commission held that Table Z-3 applies only to mineral dusts and did not cover organic soybean or grain dust under its inert-or-nuisance-dust listing. It also rejected the alternative…

April 22, 1986
Citations vacated
COMM

Smith Steel Casting Co.

Evidence from invalid warrant admitted

OSHA inspected Smith Steel’s foundry under an ex parte warrant and cited silica, copper-fume, noise, and respirator-program conditions. The Fifth Circuit later held that the warrant was invalid under the inspection regulation then in effect and returned the case for the Commission to decide whether…

April 23, 1985
Procedural
COMM

Vak-Pak, Inc.

Citations vacated for failure to prove commerce coverage

Vak-Pak manufactured swimming-pool filtration equipment with eleven employees in Florida. The company denied that its business affected interstate commerce, a prerequisite for coverage under the OSH Act. The Secretary relied on uncertain testimony about possible California chemical suppliers…

July 20, 1984
Citations vacated
COMM

N.L. Industries, Inc.

Discovery sanctions and $536,000 decision set aside

OSHA alleged that N.L. Industries failed to abate excessive lead exposure and committed additional respiratory, sanitation, chelation, and lead-exposure violations at a secondary lead smelter. After N.L. Industries resisted broad discovery requests, the judge struck its defenses, entered default on…

July 20, 1984
Remanded
COMM

Ohio-Sealy Mattress Manufacturing Company

Cotton-dust citation remanded for a merits hearing

OSHA cited Ohio-Sealy Mattress Manufacturing Company for excessive raw cotton dust, inadequate controls, and an inadequate respiratory-protection program. The company argued that an older cotton-dust standard had been superseded by a newer standard or that it lacked fair notice the older rule…

April 27, 1983
Remanded
COMM

ITT Grinnell Corp.

Abatement extension granted and failure-to-correct notice vacated

ITT Grinnell requested more time to install controls for silica dust at two foundry areas, while the Secretary demanded additional medical surveillance during the extended period. The Commission held that an employer seeking more time can be required to use appropriate interim protections even when…

April 27, 1983
Procedural
COMM

Seaboard Foundry, Inc.

Silica and respirator violations affirmed, control issue remanded

OSHA measurements showed five foundry employees exposed to silica dust at three to 15 times the permissible limit while ventilation and wheelabrator controls were not working properly. The Commission held that one day of valid measurements established overexposure and that Seaboard did not rebut…

April 27, 1983
Mixed result
COMM

Pennsylvania Electric Company

Coal-dust case remanded after late contest transmittal

OSHA issued Pennsylvania Electric Company a separate coal-dust citation after earlier safety citations, but the area office failed to transmit the company's notice of contest to the Commission for almost seven months. The judge treated the coal-dust citation as an invalid amendment of the earlier…

February 28, 1983
Remanded
COMM

J.L. Manta Plant Services Company

Coke-oven citations vacated and late amendment denied

J.L. Manta, a construction and maintenance contractor at a steel plant, was cited under the coke-oven emissions standard. The judge vacated the citations because that standard could not validly be applied to a non-coke-oven employer under the governing court decision. On review, the Secretary…

November 3, 1982
Citations vacated
COMM

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

Welding-ventilation violation reduced to nonserious

Bethlehem Steel welders at its Sparrows Point shipyard worked in a small ship bulkhead where ventilation did not prevent a visible welding haze. OSHA sampling showed one welder was exposed to fluorides at more than twice the referenced safe level, and the negative-pressure respirator provided did…

May 28, 1982
Modified
COMM

Lone Star Steel Company

Toxic-exposure citations remain vacated without review

The judge vacated citations alleging excessive coal tar pitch volatile exposure and storage or consumption of food in areas exposed to toxic materials. Neither party sought Commission review, so the majority affirmed the judge's decision without reviewing it and gave it only the precedential value…

December 15, 1981
Citations vacated
COMM

Todd Shipyards Corporation

Incorrect respirator item reinstated

Employees performing carbon-arc gouging inside a ship were exposed to roughly twice the permissible concentration of iron oxide fumes. The ventilation arrangement was ineffective, and the dust-and-mist respirators they wore were not approved for fumes. The judge affirmed the overexposure and…

June 26, 1981
Citations affirmed
COMM

Federated Metals, Inc.

Citation dismissals set aside for obstructed discovery

Federated Metals contested citations involving employee exposure to lead, copper, and noise, along with related respiratory protection and lead-control requirements. The judge dismissed the cases when the Secretary declined to present evidence at the scheduled hearing. The Commission found that…

May 29, 1981
Remanded
COMM

West Point Pepperell, Inc.

Employee medical records ordered produced with privacy safeguards

West Point Pepperell contested serious respiratory and cotton-dust citations at its textile mill. During discovery, the Secretary sought employee medical surveillance records and mill-level profit and loss statements. The Commission found the medical records relevant to respiratory protection…

April 28, 1981
Procedural
COMM

GAF Corporation

Excessive silver exposure classified as serious

GAF employees producing silver compounds were exposed to airborne silver at roughly two to 37 times the permissible limit. Their respirators were not approved for silver, and the plant's ventilation system was not operating. Medical examinations found permanent silver-related discoloration of the…

March 31, 1981
Modified
COMM

Babcock & Wilcox Co.

Silica settlement approved subject to service on the union

OSHA cited excess respirable silica exposure for two foundry shakeout employees. The settlement reclassified the violations as other than serious, eliminated the $480 penalty, extended abatement to July 1, 1979, and required engineering controls, monitoring, reports, and respiratory protection. A…

September 29, 1980
Settled
COMM

PPG Industries (Caribe a Corporation)

Mixed mercury and respirator ruling left unreviewed

The judge vacated two citation items involving mercury exposure limits and feasible controls. He found a respirator fit-and-seal violation but classified it as de minimis. The Secretary did not wish to pursue review, while PPG sought to preserve the vacated items and eliminate the de minimis…

August 20, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Texaco, Inc.

Even split leaves benzene ruling in place

The judge affirmed three nonserious citations involving excessive benzene vapor exposure at Texaco's Port Arthur marine terminal. He declined to require the Secretary's proposed engineering controls because their economic feasibility was not established. The employee union sought review of…

July 22, 1980
Procedural
COMM

Harshaw Chemical Company

Citation withdrawal remanded for union participation

OSHA cited Harshaw Chemical for serious respiratory-protection and contaminant-exposure violations, then moved to vacate the citation after concluding that testing samples had been improperly counted. The International Chemical Workers Union elected party status while that motion was pending. The…

March 24, 1980
Remanded
COMM

Witco Chemical Corporation

TDI violations reclassified and penalty reduced

Witco Chemical Corporation manufactured components for foam systems at its New Castle, Delaware plant. OSHA cited the company after monitoring showed two employees were exposed to toluene diisocyanate above the permissible ceiling while filling drums, without respirators and with potentially…

November 20, 1979
Modified
COMM

Gardinier, Inc. & International Chemical Workers

Settlement approved after union participation

OSHA issued Gardinier two citations containing multiple serious and nonserious items and proposed $900 in total penalties. Gardinier contested most of the items, and the company and Secretary later reached a settlement. International Chemical Workers Union Local 439 had requested participation and…

September 24, 1979
Settled

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.