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Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,577 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
5,577 decisions

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COMM

Minnotte Contracting & Erection Corporation

Roof fall-protection citation affirmed

Two Minnotte employees worked on a sloped roof 35 feet above the ground without a catch platform or safety belts attached to the available static line. The Commission affirmed a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(u)(3). The employee-misconduct defense failed because Minnotte did not prove…

February 7, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Lehr Construction Company

Broken-ladder and fall citations affirmed

Lehr employees used a ladder with a broken top rung as the only access to a work platform, and a welder straddled the top of an A-frame ladder near an unguarded platform edge about 25 feet above the ground without a safety belt. The Commission unanimously affirmed the broken-rung citation because…

February 2, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Del-Cook Lumber Co.

Conveyor violation affirmed and platform penalty removed

At Del-Cook's sawmill, employees used a raised platform with a ten-foot unguarded edge and repaired a log conveyor by restarting it while maintenance work was still underway. During the usual chain-repair procedure, an employee continued holding a log with a cant hook as the conveyor restarted…

February 2, 1978
Modified
COMM

F. H. Sparks of Maryland, Inc.

Penalty-only contest and fall citation affirmed

In the first docket, F. H. Sparks expressly contested only the penalties for an uninsulated welding-cable connection and a safety-belt citation, while stating that both conditions were violations and had been corrected. The Commission refused to let the company later expand that clear notice into a…

February 2, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hughes Tool Company

Towel and aisle citations remain vacated

OSHA cited Hughes Tool over its method of issuing cloth hand towels and over forklift aisles that were not striped and were sometimes obstructed. The judge vacated both items, finding that employees carried individual towels and could exchange them, that machinery placement visually marked the…

February 2, 1978
Citations vacated
COMM

Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp.

Pre-1971 crane citation vacated

OSHA cited Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel under 29 C.F.R. § 1910.179(g)(2)(i), which requires crane electrical equipment to be located or enclosed so employees cannot accidentally contact live parts during normal operation. The judge affirmed the citation and held that the requirement applied to the…

February 2, 1978
Citations vacated
COMM

Clifford B. Hannay & Son, Inc.

Spray-booth electrical violation reduced to de minimis

Hannay manufactured industrial hose reels and used flammable lacquer and solvents in spray booths. Electrical switches and receptacles that were not approved for a Class I, Division 2 hazardous area were located more than five feet but less than twenty feet from the booth openings, contrary to 29…

February 1, 1978
Modified
COMM

Joseph Weinstein Electric Corp.

Service ruling set aside and remanded

OSHA mailed citations, penalty notices, and a failure-to-abate notice by certified mail to Joseph Weinstein Electric's New York City jobsite rather than its corporate office. The judge vacated the documents because the employees who received them were not authorized to accept formal service for the…

January 31, 1978
Remanded
COMM

Wood Products Co.

Judge affirmed without merits review

The Commission placed the Wood Products case under review on its own initiative. Neither party petitioned for review, objected to the judge's decision, or otherwise expressed dissatisfaction with it. In the absence of a compelling public interest, the Commission declined to pass on or change the…

January 30, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Supermarkets General Corp.

With no party objecting, the Commission declines review and lets the judge's decision stand

This case reached the Commission only because a Commissioner ordered review on his own motion. Neither Supermarkets General Corp. nor the Secretary filed any objection to the administrative law judge's decision, whether by petitioning for review or by responding to the review order. Because no…

January 30, 1978
Procedural
COMM

Weaver's Cabinet & Millwork Co.

Judge affirmed without merits review

The Commission placed the Weaver's Cabinet & Millwork case under review on its own initiative. Neither party filed a petition, objected to the judge's decision, responded to the review order, or otherwise expressed dissatisfaction. With no compelling public interest requiring merits review, the…

January 30, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

K.L. House Construction Company

With no party objecting, the Commission declines review and lets the judge's decision stand

This consolidated case reached the Commission only because a Commissioner ordered review on his own motion. Neither the employer nor the Secretary filed any objection to the administrative law judge's decision, either by petitioning for review or by responding to the review order. Because no party…

January 30, 1978
Procedural
COMM

Shaw Construction, Inc.

Serious trench-shoring violation affirmed

This decision followed a Fifth Circuit remand requiring two Commission members to agree on the trench-shoring citation rather than leaving the judge's ruling in place through an evenly divided vote. Shaw's trench was about nine feet deep, with six to seven feet cut through limestone and the upper…

January 30, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

The Schundler Company

Discharged-extinguisher citation vacated

An OSHA inspector found a discharged, inoperable fire extinguisher standing on the floor of Schundler's furnace room rather than in its mount. Other operable extinguishers provided adequate coverage, and the judge vacated the citation on that basis. The Commission explained that 29 C.F.R. §…

January 30, 1978
Citations vacated
COMM

Carmody Roofing

Judge affirmed without merits review

The Commission placed the Carmody Roofing case under review on its own initiative. Neither party petitioned for review, objected to the judge's decision, or otherwise stated that it was dissatisfied. The Commission declined to pass on, modify, or change the ruling because no compelling public…

January 30, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

United States Pipe and Foundry Company

Conveyor lockout violation affirmed

Employees repaired a coal screw conveyor while its ground-level power switch was neither tagged nor locked out. The conveyor was energized during the repair, and an employee was caught in the equipment and fatally injured. United States Pipe argued that OSHA's accident-prevention tag rule was the…

January 26, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Penn-Dixie Steel Corp. (formerly Continental Steel Corp.)

Citations remanded for a merits hearing

The Seventh Circuit remanded the Penn-Dixie Steel case to the Commission. Following the court's order, the Commission sent Citation No. 1 and item 47 of Citation No. 2 back for a hearing on their merits. The order does not identify the cited standards, describe the alleged hazards, state the…

January 19, 1978
Remanded
COMM

Cagle Construction Co.

Trench citation vacatur affirmed

The judge vacated a trench citation after finding that the Secretary did not prove noncompliance with either 29 C.F.R. § 1926.652(c), as cited, or § 1926.652(b), as alleged in the complaint. The Secretary sought review of a legal conclusion and several statements about government counsel's conduct…

January 19, 1978
Citations vacated
COMM

Bratton Corporation

Stair violations conditionally affirmed

Bratton supplied and installed metal stairways and handrails at a six-story construction project. Some permanent rails did not fit and had been returned for reworking, while the general contractor had filled the stair treads but left the landings unfilled. Three Bratton employees used the stairs to…

January 19, 1978
Modified
COMM

Springfield Steel Erectors

Crane power-line citation affirmed

Springfield leased a crane and operator to a painting contractor whose employee spray-painted from the crane basket near a 13,800-volt transformer system. The spray hose contacted an energized line, allowing current to travel through the liquid paint to the nozzle, and the painter was fatally…

January 18, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Western Electric, Inc.

Judge affirmed on court remand

The Second Circuit remanded the Western Electric case to the Commission. In accordance with the court's order, the Commission affirmed Administrative Law Judge Paul E. Dixon's August 14, 1975 decision. The Commission order does not describe the underlying citations, standards, hazards, detailed…

January 17, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Constructora Maza, Inc.

Safety-belt violation reclassified as willful-serious

Constructora Maza, Inc. employees worked near an unguarded wall opening on the sixteenth floor without safety belts or other protective equipment. The Commission allowed OSHA to amend the alleged violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.28(a) from repeated to willful because the standard, facts, and means of…

January 16, 1978
Modified
COMM

Atlantic Steel Company

Noise-control case remanded for economic feasibility

OSHA cited Atlantic Steel for failing to use feasible engineering or administrative controls to reduce excessive noise exposure for a rougher, assistant roller, and shearman in its fabrication mill. The Commission upheld the judge's findings that proposed booths, barriers, fan changes, a quiet…

January 16, 1978
Remanded
COMM

Barker Brothers, Inc.

Loader safety violation affirmed

Barker Brothers, Inc. was cited under the general duty clause after an employee was fatally injured while a track loader was being moved onto a dump truck. The truck moved and its bed tipped because available brakes, wheel chocks, chains, and boomers were not used. The Commission held that the…

January 16, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Mid-States Construction Co., Inc.

Trench and crane rulings affirmed in two-member impasse

Mid-States Construction Co., Inc. was cited over trench shoring, an unbarricaded crane swing radius, and unguarded moving machine parts. Both commissioners agreed that the crane required a physical barricade and affirmed that violation. They disagreed about the trench-shoring violation and whether…

January 16, 1978
Mixed result
COMM

Willamette Iron & Steel Co.

Repeated housekeeping violation affirmed with lower penalty

Willamette Iron & Steel Co. admitted that walkways and work areas on a ship were cluttered with hoses, electrical leads, cords, and debris in violation of the shipyard housekeeping standard. The company had received a final citation under the same standard at the same dry dock nearly three years…

January 11, 1978
Modified
COMM

C. Kaufman, Inc.

Fall-protection citation affirmed for untied welder

C. Kaufman, Inc. assigned a welder to perform a short tack weld on an unguarded scaffold about 19 to 23 feet high without a tied-off safety belt. The Commission reversed the judge's vacation of the citation because the cited standards required fall protection regardless of the experienced…

January 11, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Brown & Root, Inc.

Stair-rail penalty reduced to $150

Brown & Root, Inc. conceded that flights of metal stairs between several floors of a generating-plant project lacked required handrails. An earlier uncontested citation involved the same standard at a different company division and worksite, and the judge classified the new violation as repeated…

January 10, 1978
Modified
COMM

Sierra Construction Corp.

Five high-rise construction violations affirmed

Sierra Construction Corp., the general contractor for a seventeen-story hotel addition, was cited for five fall-protection, material-storage, floor-opening, and crane-signal violations. Fifteen employees worked near open floor edges and gaps about 130 feet above ground without fall protection, and…

January 6, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hoffman Construction Co.

Separate scaffold violations affirmed

Hoffman Construction Co. used two separate scaffolds that lacked the guardrails and toeboards required by 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4). One employee welded from an unguarded plank 30 feet above ground, while another worked on a noncompliant scaffold 16 to 18 feet high. The Commission reversed the…

January 4, 1978
Modified
COMM

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc.

Repeated scaffold guardrail violation affirmed

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc. was cited after a hod carrier removed blocks from the unguarded 13-foot level of a partially dismantled scaffold. Although the compliance officer did not see the employee on the upper level, photographs taken ten minutes apart established exposure through…

January 3, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Donald Harris, Incorporated

Damaged scaffold-plank violation affirmed

Donald Harris, Incorporated admitted that several split and damaged planks on a tubular-frame scaffold had not been immediately replaced. The company had two earlier final citations under the same standard at other Pennsylvania worksites, and OSHA alleged that the new violation was repeated. The…

January 3, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Gotham Electric Company

Subcontractor safety violations conditionally affirmed

Gotham Electric Company employees were exposed to construction debris, defective job-made ladders, unguarded floor openings, and unguarded open-sided floors at a multi-employer worksite. The electrical subcontractor did not create or control the conditions, but the Commission held that an exposing…

December 30, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Corhart Refractories Company

Silica-abatement deadline extension affirmed

Corhart Refractories Company filed four petitions seeking more time to abate an alleged silica-dust violation. The judge found that the company acted in good faith and that existing technology could not accomplish abatement, leaving the company to develop or invent suitable controls. Neither OSHA…

December 20, 1977
Procedural
COMM

Limbach Co.

Subcontractor stairway-rail violation affirmed

Limbach Company employees used an open-sided stairway without the required railing for about one week at a multi-employer construction site. The mechanical subcontractor did not create or control the hazard, but it took no action to protect its employees or ask the general contractor to install…

December 20, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Gulf Oil Company

Four violations affirmed and one vacated

An OSHRC judge affirmed four alleged violations against Gulf Oil Company, vacated a fifth, and reclassified one alleged serious violation as nonserious. The judge assessed total penalties of $910, including a reduced $100 penalty for the reclassified item. No party challenged the vacation or…

December 20, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Julian Hirschbein, d/b/a State Home Improvement Co.

Roofer fall-protection citation affirmed

State Home Improvement Company employees installed shingles on a sloped, two-story roof without safety belts, lifelines, catch platforms, or other protection capable of preventing a fall. A wooden toeboard helped prevent slipping but could not stop a fall of more than 16 feet, and testimony…

December 20, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Charles P. Blouin, Inc.

Stairway-rail violation conditionally affirmed

Charles P. Blouin, Inc. employees used narrow stairways at a multi-employer construction site that lacked railings on both open sides. The sheet-metal subcontractor did not create or control the condition, but the Commission held that employee exposure established a prima facie case. To avoid…

December 20, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Schriber Sheet Metal & Roofers, Inc.

A divided Commission affirms a general-duty fall citation for unguarded flat-roof work

Schriber Sheet Metal & Roofers received three nearly identical citations for letting employees work near the edge of flat roofs about 25 feet up without guardrails or other fall protection. Each citation alleged a serious violation of both a specific construction standard, 29 C.F.R. 1926.500(d)(1)…

December 19, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Quality Roofing Company

Guardrail citation vacated after amendment dispute

OSHA cited Quality Roofing Company for failing to provide a guardrail or equivalent protection for employees working on a flat roof. Before the hearing, the Secretary sought to replace that allegation with an alternative charge requiring safety nets when other fall-protection methods were…

December 19, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Hogan Mechanical, Inc.

Citations vacated because foreman's exposure was not foreseeable

Hogan Mechanical installed mechanical equipment at construction sites and employed a working foreman who reported directly to the company president. OSHA cited the company for unsecured ladder conditions and missing guardrails after the foreman went alone to a church project, although he had told…

December 19, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

American Bechtel, Inc.

Safety-belt violation and $110 penalty affirmed

American Bechtel was the prime contractor building a soda ash processing plant. Two employees worked outside concrete forms without attached safety-belt lifelines, and the judge found that they were about 25 feet above the ground. The company argued that the work lasted only about five minutes, the…

December 19, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Security Window Division of Builders Supply Co., Inc.

Commission sets aside a judge's order and remands so a settlement can be considered

An administrative law judge had thrown out the Secretary of Labor's notification that Security Window Division of Builders Supply Co., Inc. failed to correct an earlier violation, doing so because the Secretary did not file a required complaint. On the same day that order became final, the parties…

December 15, 1977
Remanded
COMM

Unit Builders, Incorporated

Safety-net violation and $100 penalty affirmed

Unit Builders was a steel erection subcontractor constructing a one-story warehouse. OSHA originally cited a steel-erection safety-net standard, then amended the charge at the hearing to the general construction safety-net standard while keeping the same factual allegation. Employees were working…

December 15, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Shelvie Summerlin, d/b/a A & S Millworks and Rentals

Unguarded table-saw violation affirmed

A & S Millworks and Rentals operated two 10-inch hand-fed crosscut table saws without blade guards. The company argued that standard guards were impractical and could create hazards during specialized cuts such as dadoing and moulding. The Commission held that impracticability alone was not a…

December 15, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hood Sailmakers, Inc.

Missing needle guards found de minimis

Hood Sailmakers operated sewing machines without needle guards, and the judge vacated OSHA's machine-guarding citation. The Commission reversed because guards were available, the company's mechanic said a safe guard could be designed, and prior guards had been removed mainly because operators…

December 15, 1977
Modified
COMM

Price-Potashnick-Codell-Oman, a Joint Venture

Pipeline-equipment noise case remanded

Price-Potashnick-Codell-Oman used earth-moving vehicles while constructing part of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline. OSHA alleged that twelve vehicles generated excessive noise without feasible engineering controls, but the judge vacated the citation because operators wore hearing protection and the…

December 15, 1977
Remanded
COMM

Constructora Maza, Inc.

Construction violations and $4,455 penalties affirmed

Constructora Maza was building a three-building complex in Puerto Rico. OSHA cited missing stair railings, scaffolds supported by concrete blocks, a weakened scaffold plank, unguarded floor edges, unsecured compressed-gas cylinders, and improperly built ladder cleats. The Commission relied on…

December 15, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Continental Can Company, Inc.

Four plant-noise cases remanded

OSHA cited four Continental Can plants for allegedly failing to use feasible engineering or administrative controls for excessive noise. The company sought summary judgment, arguing that an earlier Continental Can decision barred OSHA from relitigating the economic feasibility of controls across…

December 12, 1977
Remanded
COMM

Schreiber Corporation

Roof-guardrail citation remained vacated

OSHA cited Schreiber Corporation for failing to provide guardrails or equivalent protection for employees working on a flat roof. Before the hearing, the Secretary sought to add alternative allegations under the personal-protective-equipment rule and the general duty clause. The judge denied the…

December 7, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Julius Nasso Concrete Corp., S & A Concrete Co., Inc., a Joint Venture

Perimeter-guarding violation affirmed

The joint venture was a concrete subcontractor on a multistory project in New York City. Five employees installed long reinforcing bars within 10 feet of an unguarded third-floor edge about 30 feet above the ground. The company argued that its mobile barriers had to be removed to handle the 33-foot…

December 6, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Cotner & Cotner, Incorporated

Open-floor violation affirmed with reduced penalty

Cotner & Cotner was a cement-finishing subcontractor whose employees worked at the edge of an unguarded floor 12 feet above the ground. The company argued that it did not create or control the condition and lacked authority to install guardrails. The Commission held that a subcontractor on a…

December 5, 1977
Modified
COMM

Tri-State Roofing and Sheet Metal Company

Flat-roof citation remained vacated

OSHA cited Tri-State Roofing for failing to install guardrails at the edge of a flat roof, then sought to add an alternative allegation that employees lacked safety belts. The judge vacated the original charge because the cited guardrail standard did not apply to flat roofs and denied the amendment…

November 30, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Royster Company

Unguarded forklift platform violation affirmed as nonwillful

Royster employees worked from a makeshift platform of wooden pallets stacked on raised forklift forks, about 18 feet above the ground and without guardrails or toeboards. The judge found a scaffold-platform violation but rejected OSHA's willful classification and assessed an $800 penalty…

November 30, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Alamo Store Fixtures Corporation

Saw penalty reduced and wooden guards deemed de minimis

Alamo Store Fixtures manufactured wooden store fixtures with a radial saw whose lower blade was unguarded and three machines protected by plywood rather than the metal guards specified by the standard. The Commission rejected Alamo's argument that wood being cut made the radial-saw guard…

November 30, 1977
Modified
COMM

Prowler Travel Trailers of New York, Inc.

Portable-platform guardrail citation vacated

Prowler employees finished travel trailers while standing on portable eight-foot spanners placed between two permanent catwalks. The spanners were 53 inches above the floor and lacked guardrails, so OSHA cited the general rule for open-sided platforms four feet or more above the floor. Commissioner…

November 29, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Coastal Pile Driving, Inc.

Fall-protection amendment and violation affirmed

Coastal Pile Driving employees worked on steel beams about 25 feet above an excavated area without railings, safety belts, or lanyards. OSHA originally cited a runway-guarding standard and added the personal-protective-equipment rule as an alternative in the complaint. The judge found that the…

November 29, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Simmons, Inc.

Compressed-air and elevated-work violations affirmed

Simmons employees regularly removed reduction nozzles and used compressed air above 30 p.s.i. to clean cotton from machinery. The Commission rejected the company's arguments that this was unknown misconduct or production work outside the cleaning rule, and it treated the condition as a separate…

November 29, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

C & C Plumbing Co.; M & M Contractors, Inc.

Nominal penalties affirmed after reinstatement

C & C Plumbing and M & M Contractors initially defaulted by failing to answer OSHA's complaint, and the judge's default decision became a final Commission order. The Commission later reinstated the cases under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) so the employers could contest the proposed…

November 28, 1977
Procedural
COMM

Turnbull Millwork Co.

Dado-saw protective-device violation affirmed

An OSHA inspector saw a Turnbull employee use a table saw for dadoing without a comb, featherboard, or jig. The company kept those devices in the shop, and the judge concluded that merely making them available satisfied the standard. The Commission reversed because the rule was intended to prevent…

November 28, 1977
Citations affirmed

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.