Secretary of Labor v. James Irvin, Agent of Rhino Eastern, LLC, Eagle 3 Mine

Plain-English summary

James Irvin did not answer a civil-penalty petition, and a show-cause order became a default order. He explained that MSHA had sent a letter saying all charges were dropped, so he believed later correspondence was an oversight and the matter had settled. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but urged Irvin to respond carefully to future penalty matters and show-cause orders. The Commission found mistake, inadvertence, and excusable neglect. It reopened the default and remanded the case for further proceedings.

Decision snapshot

• Cited authority: 30 U.S.C. §§ 823(d)(1) and 823(d)(2)(A)(i)
• Outcome: The default was reopened and the matter was remanded.
• Key point: A mistaken belief that MSHA had dropped all charges supplied good cause to reopen the default.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND
HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

1331 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., N.W., SUITE 520N

WASHINGTON, DC 20004-1710

SECRETARY OF LABOR,

MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH      

ADMINISTRATION (MSHA)           

v.

JAMES IRVIN, AGENT OF RHINO

EASTERN, LLC, EAGLE 3 MINE

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Docket No. WEVA 2017-0561

A.C. No. 46-09427-442620A

BEFORE: 
Traynor, Chair; Althen and Rajkovich, Commissioners

ORDER

BY
THE COMMISSION:

This matter arises under the Federal Mine Safety
and Health Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. § 801 et seq. (2018) (“Mine Act”). On July 3,
2018, the Commission received from James Irvin, Agent of Rhino Eastern, LLC,
Eagle 3 Mine (“Irvin”), a motion seeking to reopen a penalty assessment
proceeding and relieve Irvin from the Default Order entered against him.

On November 7, 2017, the Chief Administrative
Law Judge issued an Order to Show Cause in response to Irvin’s perceived
failure to answer the Secretary of Labor’s September 21, 2017 Petition for
Assessment of Civil Penalty. By its terms, the Order to Show Cause was deemed a
Default Order on December 14, 2017, when it appeared that Irvin had not filed
an answer within 30 days.

Irvin explains
that the reason that he did not send a contest of the proposed penalty
assessment is that he received a letter from the Department of Labor’s Mine
Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”) stating that all charges had been
dropped. He disregarded subsequent letters as an oversight and mistakenly
believed that the matter had settled. The Secretary does not oppose the request
to reopen, but states that Irvin should take steps to ensure that any future
penalty contests are timely filed and should take seriously all show cause
orders issued by the Judge.

The Judge’s jurisdiction in this matter
terminated when the default occurred. 29 C.F.R.  § 2700.69(b). Under the Mine
Act and the Commission’s procedural rules, relief from a judge’s decision may
be sought by filing a petition for discretionary review within 30 days of its
issuance. 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(2)(A)(i); 29 C.F.R. § 2700.70(a). If the
Commission does not direct review within 40 days of a decision’s issuance, it
becomes a final decision of the Commission. 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1). Consequently,
the Judge’s order here has become a final decision of the Commission.

In evaluating requests to reopen final orders,
the Commission has found guidance in Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure under which the Commission may relieve a party from a final order of
the Commission on the basis of mistake, inadvertence, excusable neglect, or
other reason justifying relief. See 29 C.F.R. § 2700.1(b) (“the
Commission and its Judges shall be guided so far as practicable by the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure”); Jim Walter Res., Inc. , 15 FMSHRC 782, 786-89
(May 1993). We have also observed that default is a harsh remedy and that, if
the defaulting party can make a showing of good cause for a failure to timely
respond, the case may be reopened and appropriate proceedings on the merits
will be permitted. See Coal Prep. Servs., Inc. , 17 FMSHRC 1529, 1530
(Sept. 1995).

Having reviewed
Irvin ’s request and the Secretary’s response, we
find that Irvin has sufficiently explained his failure to timely contest the
citations at issue as the result of mistake, inadvertence, and excusable
neglect. In the interest of justice, we hereby
reopen this matter and remand it to the Chief Administrative Law Judge for
further proceedings pursuant to the Mine Act and the Commission’s Procedural
Rules, 29 C.F.R. Part 2700 .

/s/ Arthur R.
Traynor, III

Arthur
R. Traynor, III, Chair

/s/
William I. Althen

William
I. Althen, Commissioner

/s/
Marco M. Rajkovich, Jr.

Marco M.
Rajkovich, Jr., Commissioner

Distribution:

James L. Irvin

638 Givens Run Road

Upper Glade, WV 26266

Kristin R. Murphy, Esq.

Office of the Solicitor

U.S. Department of Labor

61 Forsyth Street, Room 7T10

Atlanta, GA 30303

[email protected]

Archith Ramkumar, Esq.

Office of the Solicitor

U.S. Department of Labor

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202

[email protected]

April Nelson, Esq.

Office of the Solicitor

U.S. Department of Labor

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202-5452

[email protected]

Melanie Garris

Office of Civil Penalty Compliance

Mine Safety and Health
Administration

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202-5452

[email protected]

Chief Administrative Law Judge
Glynn Voisin

Federal Mine Safety & Health
Review Commission

Office of the Chief
Administrative Law Judge

1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW,
Suite 520N

Washington, DC 20004-1710

[email protected]