Lancaster Colony Corp., Candle Lite

Plain-English summary

A Candle-Lite employee was injured while operating a forklift and died twelve days later from a condition the death certificate attributed to the workplace accident. The company did not report the death to OSHA until an outside recordkeeping review identified the omission several months later. The judge held that the reporting obligation continued despite the delay between the accident and the death, and that the company should have reported after receiving the death certificate. The judge reduced the proposed reporting penalty from $5,000 to $1,000 because the failure was an oversight rather than a deliberate concealment. Two stipulated forklift items were also affirmed, bringing total penalties to $2,750.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standard(s): 29 C.F.R. § 1904.8; 29 C.F.R. § 1910.178(m)(5)(iii); 29 C.F.R. § 1910.178(q)(7)
• Outcome: Fatality-reporting item affirmed with penalty reduced to $1,000; two stipulated forklift items affirmed; $2,750 in total penalties
• Key point: An employer's duty to report a work-related fatality continues when the death occurs after the initial accident.

Full text (OSHRC public release)

                               UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
           OCCUPATIONAL    SAFkTY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
                                   1825 K STREET NW
                                       4TH FLOOR
                              WASHINGTON,   DC 20006- 1245


                                                                                FAX

                                                             \                  COM 12C2,63d-40C8
                                                                                FTS (2021634-dGG8

SECRETARY OF LABOR
Complainant,
v. OSHRC DOCKET
NO. 92-0958
LANCASTER COLONY CORP., CANDLE LITE
Respondent.

                    NOTICE OF DOCKETING
             OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE’S DECISION
 The Administrative Law Judge’s Re ort in the above referenced case was

docketed with the Commission on Marc ii 4, 1993. The decision of the Judge
will become a final order of the Commission on April 5, 1993 unless a
Commission member directs review of the decision on or before that date. ANY
PARTY DESIRING REVIEW OF THE JUDGE’S DECISION BY THE
COMMISSION MUST FILE A PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW.
Any such petition should be received by the Executive Secretary on or. before
March 24, 1993 in order to ermit sufficient time for its review. See
Commission Rule 91, 29 C. P .R. 2200.91.
All further pleadings or communications regarding this case shall be
addressed to:
Executive Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health
Revrew Commission
1825 K St. N.W., Room 401
Washington, D.C. 20006-1246

Petitioning parties shall also mail a copy to:

                   Daniel J. Mick, Esq.
                   Counsel for Regional Trial Liti ation
                   Office of the Solicitor, U.S. DO5
                   Room SdOO4
                   700 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
                   kshingion,    D.C. 20210

If a Direction for Review is issued bv the Commission, then the Counsel for
Regional Trial Litigation will represent the Department of Labor. Any party
havmg questions about review rights may contact the Commission’s Executive
Secretary or call (202) 634-7950.

                                   FOR THE COMMISSION

Date: March 4, 1993
DOCKET NO. 92-0958
NOTICE IS GI?EN TO THE FOLLOWING:

Daniel J. Mick, Esq.
Counsel for Regional Trial Liti ation
Office of the Solicitor, U.S. DO5
Room S4004
200 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20210

William S. Kloepfer
Assoc. Re ional Solicitor
Office of tfl e Solicitor, U.S. DOL
Federal Office Building, Room 881
1240 East Ninth Street
Cleveland, OH 44199

Hu h W. Nelson, Esq.
37 b est Broad Street
Columbus, OH 43215

Edwin G. Salyers
Administrative Law Jud e
Occupational Safety an 6: Health
Review Commission
Room 240 .
1365 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30309 3119

00102586666:05
 OCCUPAT‘IONAL SAFETYAND HEALTH RWIEW COMMISS

                                                                                   FAX:
                                                                                   wu (an) 3474113
                                                                                   Fm (404) 3474113

SECRETARY OF LABOR,
Complainant
l
l

            v.                                         OSHRC Docket No.: 92-958

LANCASTER COLONY CORP.,
CANDLE-LITE DIVISION,
Respondent.

Appearances:

     Sandra B. Kramer, Esquire                         Hugh W. Nelson, Esquire
            Office of the Solicitor                          Columb~ Ohio’
            U. S. Department of Labor                                For Respondent
            Cleveland,Ohio
                   For Complainant

Before: Administrative Law Judge Edwin G. Salyers

                               DECISION AND ORDER

     Respondent, Lancaster Colony Corporation, Candle-Lite Division, is a corporation

which operates a manufacturing facility in Leesburg, Ohio. It is there engaged in the
production of candles for distriiution throughout the United States. Respondent utilizes
approtiately 200 employees in its production process and related activities at its Leesburg
plant.
On August 27, 1991, Lillian Faye Williams was injured while operating a forklift at
respondent’s plant and was immediately taken to a local hospital for emergency treatment.
When the full extend of her injuries became known she was “life-flighted” for treatment at
the University Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio (Tr. 60, 61). She remained at this facility for
approximately three days and was released on or about August 30, 1991, at which time she
returned to her home to recuperate (Tr. 62,63). An official of respondent visited Williams
in her home during the first week in September, was advised by Williams that she expected
no ccmplication in her recovery, and that she planned to return to work as soon as her
condition improved (T?. 64, 65). Williams died at her home on September 8, 1991, and
respondent learned of her death on the following day (Tr. 69). Respondent’s official
notification of the cause of Williams death was contained in the coroner’s death certificate
dated October 14,1991 (Exh. C-2), which was received by respondent on October 17, 19911
(Tr. 71). This certificate reflects the immediate cause of death as “Acute Pulmonary
Thromboembolus” (bloodclotting) (C-2,1 30). In paragraph 32 of the certificate the manner
of death is attributed to an “accident” which occurred on August 27, 1991, at respondent’s
Leesburg plant (Exh. C-2, II 32).
No action was taken by respondent to report Williams’ death to officials of the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration either at the time of her death or at the
time respondent received the coroner’s death certificate. This incident was subsequently
reported to the agency by letter dated February 12, 1992, (Exh. C-l) as a result of
respondent’s annual recordkeeping review by an independent auditor (Tr. 81-83). .
Upon receipt of respondent’s letter compliance officer Dennis A Collins was
dispatched to. conduct an investigation of the accident under the provisions of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act (29 U.S.C. 0 651, et seq.). Following this investigation
respondent was issued serious citation No. 1 consisting of two items and “other” citation
No. 2. The parties stipulated at the hearing their agreement that serious citation No. 1,
item 1, charging a violation of 29 C.F.R. 0 1910.178(m)(5)(iii) be atied with a penalty of
$1,250.00 assessed and that serious citation No. 1, item 2, charging a violation of
0 1910.178(q)(7) be affirmed as “other-than-serious” with a penalty of $500.00 assessed
(Tr. 6). This agreement will be reflected in the order issued in this case.
The issues remaining for resolution are:
1. Did respondent violate 29 C.F.R. 0 1904.8 by its failure to promptly
report an accidental death?

’ Respondent also received an autopsy report on the same date. While this report contains detailed
circumstances of the decedent’s physical condition at the time of the examination, it has little, if any,
significance or relevance to the crucial issues in this case since it does not state a specific cause of death.

                                                  2

-.

    20         Is the Secretary3 / pqosed penalty of $5,000.00 appropriate under the
               circumstances of this case?
    29 C F.R. 9 1904.8 provides:
             Within 48 hours after the occurrence of an employment accident which
    is fatal to one or more employees or which results in hospitalization of five or
    more employees, the employer of any employees so injured or killed shall
    report&e accident either orally or in writing to the nearest office of the Area
    Director of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U. S.
    Department of Labor. The reporting may be by telephone or telegraph. The
    report shall relate the circumstances of the accident, the number of fatalities,
    and the extent of any injuries. The Area Director may require such additional
    reports, in writing or otherwise, as he deems necessary, concerning the
    accident.
    Respondent advanced, but did not vigorously pursue, the theory that the accident was

not the proximate cause of Williams’ death. Respondent’s counsel suggested the posslaility
of malpractice as an intervening cause of death during the course of the hearing (Tr. 34, 35)
but appeared to vacillate when questioned by the court concerning this contention (Tr. 54,
55,56). Since no evidence was provided by respondent to support possrble malpractice and
respondent did not address this matter in its post-hearing brief, the court presumes this
contention has been abandoned. As the record stands, the only credr’ble evidence regarding
proximate cause is contained in the death certificate (Exh. C-2) which is sufficient to sustain
a conclusion that the accident was the primary cause of death.
Respondent argues it lacked requisite knowledge that the accident bore a casual
connection to the death of Williams. Any vitality this argument may have had in the period
immediately following the death was laid to rest on October 17, 1991, upon respondent’s
receipt of the death certificate. John D. Joy, respondent’s Human Resources Manager,
testified upon leaming of Williams’ death the possl%le relationship between the death and
the accident was a “question on everybody’s mind” (Tr. 69,70). He further testified that he
received the death certificate on October 17th and noted that this document “listed an initial
cause and a secondary cause and checked a column that said ‘accident”’ (Tr. 73). Joy was
aware of the reporting requirement contained in the cited standard but “felt that, since the
480hour window. . . had expired, that was really not the foremost thing in my mind” @I).
He discussed this matter with the company attorney and they agreed “that we didn’t have

                                             3

any obligation at that time or reason to think that it should be reported” (Tr. 74). Instead,
on December $1991, Joy filed a notice of the fatality with the Ohio Bureau of Workmen’s
Compensation in which respondent’s accepted the death as compensable and advised the
Bureau it was “proceeding to pay the benefits to the fw” (id; Exh. R-l). This
occurrence, while not determinative of respondent’s obligations under the Occupational
Safety and Health Act, constitutes some evidence that respondent recognized a casual
connection between the accident and the resulting death. When considered in conjunction
with the information contained in the death certificate it is reasonable to conclude that
respondent either knew or should have known, with the exercise of due diligence, that the
two events were connected.
Respondent contends that its compliance with the 48-hour reporting procedure
required by the cited standard was not possl’blein this case due to the 12day lapse between
the accident and decedent’s death. This contention fails to consider the continuing nature
of an employer’s obligation to report a fatality even though a time lapse may occur as an
intervening event.
The Review Commission considered this question in Ylvington WeUtig service,
6 BNA OSHC 2013, 1978 CCH OSHD 123,092 (No. 15958, 1978), in which the employer
failed to report a fatal accident to the Secretary and the occurrence did not become known
to the Secretary until it was reported by a state agency. The issue in the case was
application of the six months statute of limitation imposed by the Act which precludes the
Secretary from issuing citations after expiration of the specified period. In its discussion of
the standard’s design and purpose, however, the Commission made revealing comments
concerning the continuing nature of an employers’ obligation to report as follows:
The reporting regulation requires an employer to report to the Area
Director of the Occupational Sdety and Health Administration within 48
hours after an accident that is fatal to at least one employee or causes the
hospitalization of five or more employees. Respondent contends that the
Act’s limitation period begins to run immediately upon the passage of the
48th hour after an accident that is not reported because that is when a failure
to report has occurred and is complete. The Secretary agrees that a failure
to report within 48 hours is a violation, but he disputes the contention that the
violative conduct is complete at the 48th hour. Rather, the Secretary
interprets his reporting regulation to include a general obligation to report

                                          4

--

   that continues until a report is made, or the Secretary becomes aware of the
   accident. The additional requirements, such as when,. to whom, and in what
   detail reports must be made, may be violated independently oE, but do not
   derogate from, the general obligation. Under this’ interpretation of the
   regulation, the statute of limitations did not begin to run in this case until
   October 10,1975, when the Secretary was notified of the accident by the State
   of Florida.
           We believe that the Secretary% interpretation is correcL The Secretary
   has not created a new concept of continuing violation. Acts of omission have
   been held to be continuing in such diverse areas as labor law, tort law, and
   criminal law. The Secretary’s interpretation is the one most consistent with
   the general purposes of assuring safe and healthful working conditions and,
   as will be discussed more fully below, the specific purpose of providing the
   Secretary with assistance in performing his enforcement duties (section[s]
   8(c)(l) & (2) of the Act).
          The reason for the 48-hour reporting requirement is to provide the
  Secretary with prompt notification of serious accidents so that he can take
  timely action to avoid further injuries. F”. F. Green Constn&m Co.,
  73 OSAHRC 54/F& 1 BNA OSHC 1494, 1973-74 CCH OSHD 1 16,991
  (No. 1015, 1973). Contrary to the assumption implicit in respondent’s
  interpretation of the regulation, the Secretary’s need for reports does not
  cease after 48 hours. CJ l%e Anderson Company, 8 OSAHRC 675 (No. 5157,
  1974) (ALJ) (Secretary conducted inspection after reading in newspaper about
  unreported fatal accident that had occurred one month earlier). Enforcement
  of the reporting regulation is especially important because reports reveal
  particularly hazardous working conditions that might otherwise continue
  unchecked, such as the conditions alleged in this case. We cannot read the
  reporting regulation to require the filing of a report within 48 hours after a
  fatality and, at the same time, deny the Secretary the ability to enforce the
  regulation effectively by requiring him to discover a failure to report within six
  months. We conclude, therefore, that the first citation was issued within the
  six month limitation period required by the Act. id. at 27,905-906
  The continuing obligation of an employer to report a fatal accident despite a time

lapse between the accident and death is also addressed in a publication issued by the
Secretary entitled Recordkeeping Cukielinesjw OccupationalInjuries& llbzaws (Sept. 1986),
which is commonly distributed to employers (Tr. 17, 18). The relevant portion of this
publication was received in evidence as Exh. C-4 and provides:
B-6. Q. Must all fatalities be reported to OSHA in accordance with the
requirements of Part 1904.8?
 A yes, M work-related accidents which result in death or
the hospitalization of 5 or more empbyees must be
repned h conformance with the 48-hour reporting
requirement of part 1904.8. The &hour reporting
requirement has been interpreted to mean that
employers must make their report within 48 hours after
the occurrence of the accident or within 48 hours after
the occurrence of the fatality, regarxkss of the time
lapse between the occurrence of the accident and the
death of the employee. After receiving information that
a fatality or multiple hospitalization has occurred, OSHA
will evaluate the case to determine whether or not an
inspection is warranted.
(Exh. c-4, pg. 55)
The foregoing constitutes the Secretary’s interpretation of the requirements set forth
in the cited standard and is, therefore, entitled to deference. Dole v. OSHRC and CFI SW
Cop., 891 F.2d 1495 (CA lOth, 1991) afd sub nom, Martin v. OSHRC, 111 S.Ct. 1171.
Based upon the entire record, it is concluded that respondent violated the cited
standard .by its failure to notify the Secretary of an accident related fatality within 48 hours
after receiving the coroner’s death certificate pertaining to the death of its employee, Lillian
Williams.
The remaining issue concerns a determination of an appropriate penalty to be
assessed in the case. The Secretary proposed a penalty of $S,OOO.OO.
This figure is based
upon a directive contained in OSHA Instruction CPL 2.45B CH-2, dated March 1, 1991
(Tr. 28; Exh. C-5) which recites:
Reoorting. Employers are required to report either orally or in writing to the
nearest Area Office within 48 hours, any occurrence of an employment
accident which is fatal to one or more employees or which results in the
hospitalization of fbe or more employees.
(a) An other-than-scnous citation shall be issued for failure to report such
an occurrence. The unadjusted penalty shall be $S,OOO.OO.
(b) If the Regional Administrator determines that it is appropriate to
achieve the necessary deterrent effect, an unadjusted penalty of
$7,000.00 may be assessed.
While the Secretary is initially charged with the responsibility for proposing a penalty
in each case, the final determination of an “appropriate” penalty reposes in the Review

                                           6

Commission. Secretaryof Labor v. OSHRC and Interstate Giiw Co., 487 F.2d 438 (8th Cir.
1973). In making this determination, the Commission must give “due consideration” to the
factors specified in Section 17 (j) of the Act which includes an assessment of the employers’
“good faith.”
There is no suggestion in the record of this case that respondent’s failure to promptly
report the fatality to the Secretary resulted from a deliberate intention to evade the mandate
of the cited standard. While this court has determined that respondent’s receipt of the death
certificate was legally sufficient to place respondent on notice the accident was a proximate
cause of Williams death, it does not necessarily follow that respondent’s failure to report this
incident resulted from respondent’s intent to conceal this information from the Secretary.
Indeed, Williams injury was appropriately recorded as such on respondent’s 200 Log (injuries
and illnesses) at the time of the accident (Tr. 81, 86).
In addition, respondent acted promptly after Williams death to report this matter to
the Bureau of Worker’s Compensation and filfill its financial obligations to decedent’s estate
(Tr. 89,92,93). It is also significant to note that respondent employs an outside consultant
to make an annual review of its compliance with the Act’s recordkeeping requirements. It
was during this annual review in February 1992, that respondent’s failure to report the
fatality was discovered by the consultant and reported to respondent (Tr. 81). When this
discrepancy was called to respondent’s attention immediate steps were taken to properly
record the fatality and report this occurrence to the Secretary (Tr. 85). Respondent’s failure
to report the incident sooner is properly characterized as an oversight and not an overt act
instigated by respondent to thwart the purpose of the standard.
The cited standard is designed to provide the Secretary with prompt notification of
serious accidents so that timely action can be instituted to avoid further injuries resulting
from unsafe conditions. It is, without question, an important tool in the Secretary’s overall
program to effectuate the purposes of the Act. In those cases where the evidence reflects
a deliberate attempt to conceal such information from the Secretary a severe penalty is
appropriate to deter such conduct. In the case at bar, however, mitigating circumstances
justify a reduction of the Secretary’s proposal. A civil penalty of $l,OOO.OO
is considered
appropriate in this case and this amount will be assessed.

                                           7

The foregoing will constitute the court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law as
required by Rule 52, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
It is hereby ORDERED:
1a By agreement of the parties, serious citation No. 1, item 1, is affirmed with a
penalty of $l,WO.OOassessed;
2 l By agreement of the parties, serious citation No. 2, item 2, is affirmed as an
“other” violation with a penalty of $500.00 assessed; and
3 l “Other” citation No. 2 is affirmed with a penalty of $l,OOO.OO
assessed.

                                                   Is/ Edwin G. Salvers
                                             EDWIN G. SALYERS
                                             Judge

Date: February 22, 1993