Northpac Corporation d/b/a Northpac Construction

Plain-English summary

OSHA cited Northpac Construction after inspecting a worksite in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. The employer timely contested one serious and two repeat violations carrying $12,197 in proposed penalties. During the case, Northpac repeatedly provided incomplete discovery responses, failed to respond to the Secretary's sanctions motion, and filed an inadequate response to a show-cause order after the deadline. The judge found a pattern of disregard for Commission proceedings that prejudiced the Secretary and warranted default. He dismissed the notice of contest and affirmed all three citation items and their penalties without deciding the underlying safety allegations on the merits.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standard(s): The order does not identify the substantive OSHA standards.
• Outcome: The notice of contest was dismissed, and all three citation items became final with $12,197 in total penalties.
• Key point: Repeated failure to comply with discovery duties and court orders can result in default, dismissal of the contest, and affirmance of the citations.

Full text (OSHRC public release)


Document

United States of America

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

SECRETARY OF LABOR ,

Complainant,

v.

N ORTHPAC
C ORPORATION
d / b / a
N ORTHPAC
CONSTRUCTION,

Respondent.

OSHRC DOCKET NO .
18-1477

Attorneys and Parties:

Martin D. Christopher Santos
Esq. , Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor,

For Complainant

Miguel Cruz, Jr.,
Self Represented ,
Northpac
Corporation d / b / a
Northpac
Construction

For Respondent

JUDGE : Pat rick B. Augustine , United States Administrative Law Judge

D ECISION AND ORDER
DISMISS ING RESPONDENT’S NOTICE OF CONTEST AND ORDER DECLARING DEFAULT
PURSUANT TO 29 C.F.R. § 2200.101

This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety
and Health Review Commission (“the Commission” ) pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. §
651
et seq . ( “ the Act ” ). The Occupational Saf ety and Health Administration (“OSHA” ) conducted an inspection of
a
Northpac
C orporation
(“ Resp ondent” )
worksite
in
Saipan,
Northern
Mariana
Islands (“Saipan, MP”)
on
June
27, 2018 . As a result of the inspection, OSHA issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty
(“Citation”)
to Respondent alleging
one
serious
violation
and two repeat violations
of the Act with
a
proposed
penalty of
$ 12,197.00 .
The Citation was
issued on
August 22, 2018 . Respondent
filed a
timely
Notice of Contest
on September 17, 2018 .
Complainant timely
filed his
Complaint
on October 9, 2018. See 29 C.F.R.
§ 2200.34.

Respondent filed an Answer on November 23, 2018 which was received on December 3, 2018.

Jurisdiction

The
Commission has j urisdiction over this action pursuant to Section 10(c )
of
the Act
due to the filing of a
Notice of Contest
by Respondent.
29 U . S . C .
§ 659(c).

Procedural History

On
December
14, 2018, Complainant sent
Respondent his
first set of
discovery
requests
consisting of Interrogatories,
Request for Production of Documents and Request for Admissions .
(“ Discovery Request ”).

See
Compln’t
Motion
at 2 ;
Compln’t
Exs . C-1 . Answers to the
Discovery Request
were due by January 14, 2019.
See
April 3, 2019
Order
( Dkt
No. 18-1477 ) . Respondent ,
a
self
represented
litigant ,
provided
either no response
or

incomplete
responses to the
Discovery
Request
on January 12, 2019. See
Compln’t
Exs . C- 2. Complainant states it made multiple attempts to communicate with Respondent about supplementing the
Discovery Request . See
Compln’t
Motion
at 2.

T he parties , however,
were able to confer and submit
the
Proposed
Joint
Pretrial
Recommendation s
to the Court on
January
29, 2019.

The Court
then
issued
a
Scheduling Order
on February 11, 2019. See
February 11, 2019
Order
( Dkt
No. 18-1477 ) .
By March 7, 2019, Respondent
still
had
not
served responsive and complete answers to the
Discovery Request
and was not communicating with Complainant.
See
Compln’t
Motion
at 2 . Complainant requested a conference call with the Court, and the conference call took place on April 2, 2019, which was April 3, 2019 in Saipan , MP . Id .;
See
Compln’t
Motion
at 3. Respondent was present for the conference call. See
April 3, 2019
Order
( Dkt
No. 18-1477).
The Court found Respondent’s responses to the Discovery Request inadequate and incomplete and ordered Respondent to supplement its’ responses.
Id.

During the conference call , Respondent told the Court he found the Discovery Request complex and difficult because he was not an attorney.
Respondent was
reminded
of its responsibility to make a good faith effort to follow the
Commission
R ules and respond to the
Discovery Request , even if the response is
difficult . Id .

In fact, the
April 3, 2019 Order , issued after the close of the conference call ,
contained the following language:

While Respondent states the Interrogatories and Requests for Production of Documents are complicated, the complexity does not relieve Respondent to make a good faith effort to respond to Interrogatories and produce documents. Although the Commission recognizes the difficulties a
pro se
litigant may face when participating in
the Commission’s proceedings, the Commission still requires the
pro se
litigant to follow the rules and exercise reasonable diligence in the legal proceedings in which it is taking part. [Citations omitted]

Id.

After the conference call
with the Court ,
Complainant alleges
Respondent
twice more
provide d
inadequate responses to the
Interrogatories
and
Request for Production , and improperly changed answers to
a
number
of
the Requests for Admissions,
on April 18, 2019 and May 2, 2019.
See
Compln’t
Motion
at 3-4;
Compln’t
Exs . C-5; C-6 . Complainant continued to attempt communication and clarification about
the
Discovery Request
with Respondent after the conference call but to little avail.
See
Compln’t
Exs . C-7.

On
May 16, 2019,
Complainant filed
Complainant’s Motion for Sanctions Against Respondent for Failure to Comply with Commission Rules
(“ Motion for Sanctions ”). As grounds for the
Motion
for Sanctions , Complainant set forth multiple instances
of Respondent’s failure to comply. These include:

1. Respondent’s refusal to obey
   the Court’s Order
   dated April 3, 2019
   constitutes prejudice. See
   Compln’t
   Motion
   at 5. Complainant states it cannot determine the factual merits of Respondent’s defense based on the responses to the
   Discovery Request . Id .

2. Respon dent demonstrates contumacious conduct with its inadequate responses and
   disregard for communication with Complainant. See
   Compln’t
   Motion
   at 7.

3. Based on Respondent’s past conduct with the Commission, Respondent has demonstrated a pattern of disregard for the Commission rules and authority, which will likely not be altered for this case. See
   Compln’t
   Motion
   at 8;
   North Pac Corp. , 26 BNA OSHC 2361
   (No. 16-1830,
   2017 ).

See generally Secretary’s Motion
for Sanctions .

Respondent failed to file a Response to the
Secretary’s Motion for Sanctions.
Due to Respondent’s failure to respond, the
Court issued an
Order to Show Cause , directing Respondent to “SHOW CAU S E WITHIN
TWENTY-ONE
(21) DAYS 1
why the Court should not issue judgement against Respondent, affirming the proposed violations in this case for:
(1) failure to timely respond to the
Secretary’s Notice of Motion
and
Motion for Sanctions , and (2) to provide complete and responsive answers to discovery as required by the Court’s Order dated April 3, 2019. ”
A response to the
Order to Show Cause
was due
July 2, 2019.
The Court’s
Order to Show Cause
was delivered to Respondent on June 19, 2019. The Order was sent and tracked via United States Post Service. See
USPS Tracking log.

Therefore, from the time Respondent
actually received
the
Order to Show Cause
and the date a response was due to the Court Respondent
was provided
thirteen days to prepare a response.

The Court did receive Respondent’s Response
(“ Response ”)
on July 16, 2019 – fourteen days after the deadline for a response. The
R esponse
was placed in the U. S. Mail, Priority Mail, on July 9, 2019. See
U. S. Priority Mail postage stamp dated July 9, 2019. Even using the July 9, 2019 date as the operative date, the
Response
was
still seven days late. The Court could simply ignore
the
Response
since it is out-of-time and Respondent provided no good cause for the delay
in filing a timely response. However, the Court will address the two
arguments advanced by Respondent
in its
Response .

Discussion

According to Complain an t,
Respondent has engaged in contumacious conduct and disregarded the Rules of the Commission, resulting in undue prejudice against Complain an t. Thus, Complainant seeks
dismissal of Respondent’s Notice of Contest
and an Order declaring Respondent in default.
See generally Secretary’s Motion for Sanctions.

The Court’s prehearing procedures aid in the early formulation of issues, which benefits all parties during trial preparation as well as resulting in the more effective use of the Court’s resources at the hearing stage.
Architectural Glass & Metal Co ., 19 BNA OSHC 1546, 1547 (No. 00-0389, 2001). The imposition of appropriate sanctions is important to ensure compliance with prehearing procedures and to permit the fair and efficient adjudication of issues. Id . The Judge has broad discretion to decide whether sanctions should be ordered.
Id.
See also, Jersey Steel
Erectors,
16 BNA OSHC 1162, 1165 (No. 90-1307, 1993),
Sealtite
Corp ., 15 BNA OSHC 1130, 1134 ( No.
88-1431, 1991) and
Duquesne Light Co ., 8 BNA OSHC 1218, 1222 (No. 78-5034, 1980) (consolidated).

The
Order to Show Cause required Respondent to provide good cause for Respondent’s failure to; ( i ) respond to
Complainant’s Motion for Sanctions Against Respondent for Failure to Comply with Commission Rules;
and (ii) supplement or answer the
Discovery Request
as ordered in the Court’s April 3, 2019 Order.
The
Response
does not directly respond to the questions posed in the
Order to Show Cause. Respondent advances two arguments. The first centers around the complexity of the
Discovery Request
because he is a non-attorney.
Respondent also attached responses he filed with Complainant after the
Conference call with the Court and which are the
subject matter to the
Motion for Sanctions 2 .
The second response advances Respondent’s settlement discussions with Complainant’s counsel and Respondent’s position on the proposed penalties. As to the second argument regarding settlement, this is non-responsive to the
Order to Show Cause
and the Court declines the invitation to become involved in settlement discussions. As to Respondent’s first
response, it appears to again go to an issue Respondent has been advised on
at least
three times.

Respondent, in this case, was advised by the Court in the April 2, 2019
c onference call of the need for him to comply with Court orders and Commission Rules. Again, in this Order Respondent is advised of the need for compliance with Commission Rules and Court orders. Although the Commission recognizes the difficulties a
self represented
litigant may face when participating in the Commission’s proceedings, the Commission still requires
a
self
represented

litigant
to follow the rules and exercise reasonable diligence in the legal proceedings in which it is taking part.
Sealtite
Corp ., 15 BNA OSHC 1130 (No. 88-1431, 1991);
Wentzell
d/b/a N.E.E.T. Builders , 16 BNA OSHC 1475, 1476 (No. 92-2696, 1993) (stating that “[a]
pro se
employer is required to exercise reasonable diligence… [they must] follow the rules and file responses to a judge’s orders, or suffer the consequences…”).
The undersigned recognizes that sometimes unrepresented employers “can fail to grasp exactly what [it] is being asked to do.”
Sealtite
Corp. , 15 BNA OSHC 1130 (No. 88-1431, 1991). Thus, where an employer has a substantial reason for having failed to comply with a discovery order, and where the employer's conduct also does not indicate disrespect toward the judge, the failure to comply may not necessarily be an indication of bad faith or contumacious conduct. Id .

Not having counsel, does not obviate a party’s obligation to engage in the adjudicatory
process. All litigants, including those declining to hire counsel, must obey orders and to permit and respond to discovery as required by the Commission Rules.
See JGB LLC , 21 BNA OSHC 1402, 1403 (No. 04-2153, 2006) (vacating direction for review when unrepresented party failed to respond to a briefing notice);
Swimmer v. IRS , 811 F.2d 1343, 1345 (9th Cir. 1987) (“Ignorance of court rules does not constitute excusable neglect, even if the litigant appears pro se”). An unrepresented employer must “exercise reasonable diligence in the legal proceedings” and “must follow the rules and file responses to a judge's orders, or suffer the consequences, which can include dismissal of the notice of contest.”
Wentzel d/b/a N.E.E.T. Builders , 16 BNA OSHC 1475, 1476 (No. 92-2696, 1993) (citations omitted).

Respondent has been
before
the Commission before
in a case that s ubstantially
has
the same facts as is present in this case . A
Decision and Order of Dismissal of Notice of Contest
was issued on December 4, 2017 by Chief Judge
Covette
Rooney.

See
North Pac Corp. , 26 BNA OSHC 2361 (No. 16-1830, 2017).
In Chief Judge
Covette
Rooney’s
case ,

Respondent
failed to address discovery requests appropriately and demonstrated deficient communication with the Secretary and Chief Judge Rooney.
Id .
Chief Judge Rooney determined Respondent acted in a contumacious manner, disavowed Commission rules, prejudiced the Secretary
and
has demonstrated
a pattern of disregard of
Commission procedures and bad faith
conduct as a
pro se
litigant.
She dismissed Respondent’s
Notice of Contest
and entered a default judgment against Respondent.

Id .

Once again, Respondent has acted in a similar manner in this case. As documented by Complainant,
Respondent received
and responded to
the
Discovery Request
but in many respects the answers were incomplete, not responsive or some questions ignored.
See
Compln’t
Ex. C-3; C-7. Respondent’s
delayed and inadequate response to
the
Discovery Request , and other
deficient
communication
with Complainant
and the Court,
is not an innocent oversight or inadvertence
that
can be excused
as related to
complexity or
self represented
representation . Respondent appears to communicate just enough to maintain a claim with the Commission yet provide inadequate responses that hinders Complainant’s ability to prepare for trial. This is contumacious conduct by Respondent.
Likewise, Respondent’s non-response to Complainant’s
Motion for
Sanctions

and
the delayed, untimely and unresponsive Response to the
Order to Show Cause
has nothing to do with
self
representation . It demonstrates a behavior which delays the proceeding, prejudices Complainant and requires Court time and supervision to ensure timely adher e n ce
to the Court’s order and Commission Rules.

Finally, the Court has reviewed the questions propounded by Complainant in the
Discovery Request . Those questions are written where an average person could understand the meaning of the question. For instance, Respondent should know
all individuals associated with the worksite that have knowledge of what happened the day of the inspection. Also, when Complainant asks for the basis for Respondent’s position it is taking
in regard to
a certain citation, asking Respondent to explain its position is not a complex question. Also, questions as to
when
the first day
of

work
began, which employees worked with portable cement and work schedules is clearly understandable. The providing of responsive answers to the questions propounded are not of so much complexity that
self representing
oneself
does not make it impossible to answer
the inquiry
or comply with Commission Rules and the Court’s
O rders.

Default judgments may
be appropriate when a party fails to comply with an order compelling discovery. 29 C.F.R. § 2200.52(f) (sanctions for failing to comply with discovery requirements); 29 C.F.R. § 2200.101(a) (default appropriate when a party fails to proceed as provided by the Commission Rules or as required by a judge);
see also St. Lawrence Food Corp ., 21 BNA OSHC 1467, 1472 (Nos. 04-1734 & 04-1735, 2006). Failing to comply with Commission Rules and orders
so as to
delay proceedings may constitute contumacious conduct.
Carson
Concrete Corp. v. Sec’y of Labor , 21 BNA OSHC 1393, 168 Fed. Appx. 543 (3d Cir. 2006) (unpublished) (upholding default judgment for OSH Act violations when employer sought to disavow admission provided during discovery until a few days before trial).

The Court finds Respondent’s repeated failures to engage in the litigation process ,
or when it engages in discovery the answers are misleading or incomplete ,
illustrate a pattern of disregard for the Commission’s proceedings. Respondent has been given multiple opportunities and plenty of time to comply with Commission Rules of Procedure and this Court’s
Orders . Complainant has yet to receive adequate responses to
Discovery Requests
from Respondent. The Court has a duty to “conduct a fair and impartial hearing, to assure that the facts are fully elicited, to adjudicate all issues, and avoid delay.” 29 C.F.R. § 2200.67. In order to carry out that duty, Commission Rule 67(m) authorizes the Court to “[t] ake
any other action necessary . . . and authorized by the published rules and regulations of the Commission.”
Based on the representations of Complainant, 3
the Court finds that the delays in this case are wholly attributable to Respondent, including Respondent’s failure to
answer the
Discovery Request
fully
and in a responsive way . In that regard, the Court finds that Respondent’s contumacious conduct warran ts
the sanction of dismissal.

In addition, t he Court finds the Commission has conveyed due notice to Respondent of its procedural rights and provided ample warning that its failure to comply with Court orders may result in the dismissal of its
Notice of Contest .
See
April 3, 2019
Order
( Dkt
No. 18-1477 ) ; June 11, 2019
Order
( Dkt
No. 18-1477) . Respondent has failed to take advantage of the opportunity to
adequately communicate with Complainant
and the Court,
and demonstrate good faith conduct
in the proceeding . Under these circumstances, the Court sees no worthwhile purpose in allowing this
case to proceed to a hearing when there is
a pattern
of bad faith conduct,
and thus
no basis to believe that Respondent will fulfill its pre-trial obligations or
actually appear
at the trial.
11 See Twin Pines Constr. Inc./ Teles
Constr. , 24 BNA OSHC 1500, 1504 (No. 12-1328, 2012) (No worthwhile purpose in proceeding to a hearing where a party has abandoned the case).

The Commission recognizes “[D] ismissal
is too harsh a sanction for failure to comply with certain pre-hearing orders unless the record shows contumacious conduct by the noncomplying party, prejudice to the opposing party, or a pattern of disregard for Commission proceedings.”
Amsco , Inc. , 19 BNA OSHC 2189, 2191 (No. 02-0220, 2003). See also
Sealtite
Corporation , 15 BNA OSHC 1130 (No. 88-1431, 1991) (contumacious conduct established where party engaged in a “consistent pattern” of failure to respond to judge’s orders). With Respondent’s history and current conduct, there is a consistent pattern
of disregard for Commission
R ules,
contumacious
conduct,
and prejudicial conduct that
supports
the sanction of dismissal
under
29 C.F.R. § 2200.52(f)
and
29 C.F.R. § 2200.101(a) .

Accordingly, with respect
to the above-referenced docket , Respondent
is declared in DEFAULT, its
Notice of
Contes t
is hereby
DISMISSED
and the violations
and penalties
alleged in the
Citation and Notification of Penalty
are AFFIRMED
in its entirety and penalties ASSESSED .

ORDER

The foregoing Decision constitutes the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Based on the foregoing , it is ORDERED that:

1. Citation 1, Item 1, and the corresponding penalty of $ 2, 439 .00 are hereby AFFIRMED
   as final orders of the Commission pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Act.

2. Citation
   2 , Item
   1 , and the corresponding penalty of $ 4 , 879. 00 are hereby AFFIRMED as
   f inal orders of the Commission pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Act.

3. Citation 2, Item 2, and the corresponding penalty of $ 4 , 879 .00 are hereby AFFIRMED
   as final orders of the Commission pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Act.

SO
ORDERED.

Date:
August 2, 2019

/s/                                 

Denver, Colorado          P atrick B. Augustine

Judge, OSHRC

"

1
The Court provided extra time from its normal time frame to provide a
response
to the
Order to Show Cause
due to the distance Saipan is from Denver and the delivery periods required for mail to reach Respondent.

2
The Court has reviewed the responses of Respondent
in its supplemental filing on the Discovery Request. The Court finds the supplemental response deficient and unresponsive.

3 . Because Respondent has failed
in its
Response
to rebut any statement or representation made by Complainant in his motions, the Court accepts Complainant’s representations of the facts as true.