Who sets the salaries for a Texas multicounty court at law's reporter and administrator?

Plain-English summary

The 1st Multicounty Court at Law is a statutory county court, the first of its kind, that serves three counties: Fisher, Mitchell, and Nolan, with Nolan as the administrative county. It has two employees, an official court reporter and a court administrator. Their budgeted salaries had bounced around a lot between 2016 and 2019 (the reporter's budgeted pay went from $35,000 to $84,171 to $50,000), and the Nolan County Attorney asked the AG four questions: whether the judge can set the staff salaries, whether the commissioners court can reduce them without notifying the judge first, what remedies the judge has, and whether there is any floor on how low the salaries can go.

On the first question, the AG walked through how the governing statute, Government Code section 25.2702(d), had changed. Before 2017 it let the commissioners courts set the reporter's salary. In 2017 the Legislature switched to matching district court salaries. In 2019 it switched back, requiring the reporter and administrator to "receive a salary set by the commissioners courts in the counties the reporter or administrator serves." The current statute lets the judge appoint the reporter and administrator but says nothing about the judge setting their pay. The AG read that silence as intentional, especially since other county-court-at-law statutes in the same chapter expressly hand salary authority to judges, to commissioners courts, or to judges subject to commissioners court approval. So the salary authority rests with the commissioners courts, not the judge.

On the remaining questions: the commissioners court may reduce the staff salaries without giving the judge specific advance notice, because the Local Government Code's notice requirement protects an elected officer's own salary, not the salaries of court staff. A county court at law has no supervisory control over the commissioners court, and the grievance-committee process is for an officer's own salary, not staff pay, so the judge's primary remedy is to challenge the county's funding of the court in district court, which has general supervisory control over commissioners courts. Finally, while the commissioners court sets the amount, it must set a reasonable salary sufficient to fulfill the positions' functions, and what is reasonable is for the commissioners court to decide in the first instance, subject to judicial review for abuse of discretion.

Currency note

This opinion was issued in 2020. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here.

What the opinion meant for those who asked

For the 1st Multicounty Court at Law and the three counties that fund it, the opinion's reading at the time placed staff-salary authority squarely with the commissioners courts under the 2019 version of section 25.2702(d), and not with the judge, who could appoint the reporter and administrator but not fix their pay. For the commissioners courts, the AG confirmed they could reduce those staff salaries without giving the judge specific notice before adopting the budget, while cautioning that the salaries still had to be reasonable and adequate for the positions. For the judge, the opinion described the available path if funding was inadequate: not the salary-grievance committee (which is for an officer's own pay), but a challenge to court funding in district court, which holds general supervisory control over commissioners courts.

Common questions

Q: Can the judge of a Texas multicounty court at law set the staff salaries?
A: No. The AG concluded Government Code section 25.2702(d) gives that authority to the commissioners courts and is silent about the judge, so the judge cannot set the reporter's or administrator's salary.

Q: Can the commissioners court cut those salaries without telling the judge first?
A: Yes. The AG concluded the notice requirement in the Local Government Code protects an elected officer's own salary, not court staff salaries, so no specific notice to the judge is required before adopting the budget.

Q: What can the judge do if the staff salaries are cut too far?
A: Challenge the county's funding of the court in district court. The AG explained the grievance-committee process covers an officer's own salary, not staff salaries, and district courts have general supervisory control over commissioners courts.

Q: Is there any limit on how low the salaries can go?
A: Yes. The AG concluded the statute requires a reasonable salary sufficient to fulfill the positions, with what is reasonable left to the commissioners court in the first instance, subject to judicial review for abuse of discretion.

Background and statutory framework

The 1st Multicounty Court at Law was created by Government Code section 25.2701 to serve Fisher, Mitchell, and Nolan counties, with Nolan as the administrative county (section 25.2702(c-1)). Section 25.2702(d) lets the judge appoint the court reporter and court administrator and provides they receive a salary set by the commissioners courts of the served counties; sections 25.2702(d-1) and (d-2) require the three counties to allocate the obligations by interlocal agreement and supply a default allocation. The AG read the statute's silence on judicial salary authority as intentional under In re H.S., 550 S.W.3d 151 (Tex. 2018), Aleman v. Tex. Med. Bd., 573 S.W.3d 796 (Tex. 2019), and Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Adcock, 412 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. 2013), contrasting other chapter 25 courts (sections 25.1152(g), 25.2362(g), 25.0212(f)) and prior opinion GA-0952 (2012). The notice and remedy analysis drew on Local Government Code sections 152.011, 152.013(c), and 152.016(a), Government Code section 25.0004(f), prior opinions GA-0929 (2012) and H-1251 (1978), and Texas Constitution article V, section 8 with Henry v. Cox, 520 S.W.3d 28 (Tex. 2017). The reasonable-salary requirement came from Vandy v. Comm'rs Ct. of Uvalde Cty., 620 S.W.2d 104 (Tex. 1981).

Citations and references

Statutory provisions:

• Tex. Gov't Code § 25.2702; § 25.2701; § 25.0004
• Tex. Loc. Gov't Code § 152.011; § 152.013; § 152.016
• Tex. Const. art. V, § 8

Cases:

• In re H.S., 550 S.W.3d 151 (Tex. 2018)
• Aleman v. Tex. Med. Bd., 573 S.W.3d 796 (Tex. 2019)
• Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Adcock, 412 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. 2013)
• Vandy v. Comm'rs Ct. of Uvalde Cty., 620 S.W.2d 104 (Tex. 1981)
• Henry v. Cox, 520 S.W.3d 28 (Tex. 2017)

Prior AG opinions referenced: GA-0952 (2012); GA-0929 (2012); H-1251 (1978).

Source

• Landing page: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/opinions/ken-paxton/kp-0292
• Original PDF: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/2020/kp-0292.pdf

Original opinion text

March 9, 2020

The Honorable Lisa L. Peterson
Nolan County Attorney
100 East 3rd Street, Suite 106A
Sweetwater, Texas 79556

Opinion No. KP-0292

Re: Authority to establish salaries of the staff of a multicounty court at law (RQ-0305-KP)

Dear Ms. Peterson:

On behalf of the judge of the 1st Multicounty Court at Law (the "Court"), you ask about the judge's authority to establish salaries of the Court's staff.[1] The Court, the first of its kind, is a statutory county court created to serve multiple counties-Fisher, Mitchell, and Nolan counties. TEX. GOV'T CODE § 25.2701. Nolan County serves as the administrative county for the Court. Id. § 25.2702(c-1). We are informed that the Court has two employees-the official court reporter and the court administrator.[2] You tell us about wide swings in the budgeted salaries of the reporter and the administrator between 2016 and 2019. Request Letter at 1-2.[3] You state that the budgeted salary for the court reporter was $35,000 for fiscal year 2016, $84,171 for fiscal 2018, and is $50,000 for fiscal 2019. Id. The budgeted salary for the court administrator was $37,256 for fiscal 2016, $61,527 for fiscal 2018, and is $44,500 for fiscal 2019. Id. You also refer us to subsection 25.2702(d), which addresses the court reporter's and the court administrator's salaries. Id. at 1 (referring to amendments in 2017 and 2019). You ask first about the authority, if any, of the judge of the Court to set the salaries of court staff. Id. at 2.

For background, we review the amendments to subsection 25.2702(d) during the time period when the salaries dramatically varied. Prior to 2017, subsection (d) provided that the "official court reporter of the county court at law is entitled to receive a salary set by the commissioners courts in the counties the reporter serves," and did not address the court administrator. See Act of May 26, 2013, 83d Leg., R.S., ch. 1059, § 2.07, sec. 25.2702(d), 2013 Tex. Gen. Laws 2525, 2533. In 2017, the Legislature deleted the provision for the commissioners court to set salary and added a provision requiring the court reporter and the court administrator to receive the same salary as their district court counterparts. Act of May 24, 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., ch. 1114, § 1, sec. 25.2702(d), 2017 Tex. Gen. Laws 4299, 4300. In 2019, the Legislature deleted the requirement to match district court salaries and replaced it with the requirement that the court reporter and court administrator "receive a salary set by the commissioners courts in the counties the reporter or administrator serves." Act of May 22, 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., ch. 686, § 1, sec. 25.2702(d), 2019 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 1974, 1974-75. Subsection 25.2702(d) now provides in pertinent part:

The judge of the county court at law shall appoint an official court reporter. The judge may appoint a court administrator to aid the judge in the performance of the judge's duties. The official court reporter and the court administrator of the county court at law are entitled to receive a salary set by the commissioners courts in the counties the reporter or administrator serves to be paid out of the county treasuries, either by salary or by contract as set by the commissioners courts . . . .

TEX. GOV'T CODE § 25.2702(d) (emphasis added).

Thus, subsection 25.2702(d) authorizes the county commissioners to set the salaries of the court reporter and court administrator. Id. And while the subsection authorizes the judge to appoint the reporter and administrator, it is silent about any authority of the judge with respect to salaries. Id. Courts "accept[] that lawmaker-authors chose their words carefully, both in what they included and in what they excluded." In re H.S., 550 S.W.3d 151, 155 (Tex. 2018). Moreover, courts "consider the context and framework of the entire statute and construe it as a whole." Aleman v. Tex. Med. Bd., 573 S.W.3d 796, 802 (Tex. 2019) (quotation marks omitted). As discussed in a prior opinion of this office, other statutes creating county courts at law in chapter 25, subchapter C, prescribe the authority to set salaries in different ways, some granting the authority to the judge, others to the commissioners court, and still others granting the authority to the judge subject to the commissioners court's approval. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0952 (2012) at 1-2 (discussing the variation in the grants of authority to set salaries for different courts); see also, e.g., TEX. GOV'T CODE §§ 25.1152(g) (authorizing the judge of the Houston County Court at Law to set the reporter's salary in an amount that does not exceed the district court reporter's salary), 25.2362(g) (authorizing the judge of the Van Zandt County Court at Law to set the reporter's salary with approval from the commissioners court), 25.0212(f) (providing that the Bowie County commissioners court may authorize the judge to set the reporter's salary). From an examination of chapter 25, subchapter C, we must assume that subsection 25.2702(d)'s silence about any grant of salary authority to the judge was intentional. See Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Adcock, 412 S.W.3d 492, 497 (Tex. 2013) ("When the Legislature expresses its intent regarding a subject in one setting, but, as here, remains silent on that subject in another, we generally abide by the rule that such silence is intentional."). Thus, construed in context, subsection 25.2702(d) vests the authority to set the salaries of the court reporter and the court administrator with the commissioners court, not the multicounty court at law judge.

In your second question, you ask whether the commissioners court may reduce the salaries of the court reporter and the court administrator without first giving notice to the judge of the Court. Request Letter at 2. Section 152.011 of the Local Government Code authorizes the commissioners court to "set the amount of the compensation . . . for county and precinct officers and employees who are paid wholly from county funds." TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 152.011. Under subsection 152.013(c), before the commissioners court files the annual budget, it must "give written notice to each elected county and precinct officer of the officer's salary and personal expenses to be included in the budget." Id. § 152.013(c) (emphasis added). A commissioners court that fails to give notice of a reduction of the officer's salary or personal expenses may not make such a reduction in the adopted budget. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0929 (2012) at 2 (explaining that the notice must give the officer a chance to utilize the statutory grievance process before adoption of the final budget). But no provision in chapter 152 requires the commissioners court to give the judge notice of a reduction of the Court's other expenses, such as notice of reductions in staff salary.

In your third question you ask what remedies the judge may assert regarding the reduction of staff salary. Request Letter at 2. A county court at law does not have "general supervisory control or appellate review of the commissioners court." TEX. GOV'T CODE § 25.0004(f). Chapter 152 grants an elected county officer, including a judge, "who is aggrieved by the setting of the officer's salary or personal expenses" the right to request a hearing before the county salary grievance committee. TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 152.016(a). But chapter 152 does not give an official the right to challenge staff salaries in the grievance committee process. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. H-1251 (1978) at 1-3 (discussing predecessor statutes). Thus, the primary remedy for a county court at law judge to complain about staff salaries is to challenge county funding of the judge's court in district court. See TEX. CONST. art. V, § 8 (giving district courts "general supervisory control" over commissioners courts); see also Henry v. Cox, 520 S.W.3d 28, 36 (Tex. 2017) (stating that the judicial branch possesses "the ability to compel the necessary money to compensate county employees who assist in carrying out the courts' responsibilities").

Finally, you ask whether any limits exist prescribing how low the commissioners court may reduce the court reporter's and the court administrator's salaries. Request Letter at 2. Under section 25.2702 of the Government Code, the court reporter and court administrator are entitled to a salary set by the commissioners court. TEX. GOV'T CODE § 25.2702(d); see also id. § 25.2702(d-1) (requiring the three counties to enter into an interlocal agreement to allocate the financial obligations of each county for the "salaries of court personnel"), (d-2) (calculating each county's share if the counties do not reach agreement and providing for State compensation to each county in proportion to the amount paid under the statute). The statute necessarily requires the commissioners court to set a reasonable salary sufficient to fulfill the functions of the positions. See Vandy v. Comm'rs Ct. of Uvalde Cty., 620 S.W.2d 104, 108-09 (Tex. 1981) (holding that constitutional provision for a constable to receive a salary necessarily means a reasonable salary). What constitutes a reasonable amount is a matter for the commissioners court to determine in the first instance, subject to judicial review for abuse of discretion. See id. at 109; see also Henry, 520 S.W.3d at 37-38.

SUMMARY

Under section 25.2702 of the Government Code, the judge of the 1st Multicounty Court at Law does not possess the authority to set the salaries of the official court reporter and the court administrator.

The commissioners court may reduce salaries of the court reporter and the court administrator of the multicounty court at law without giving the judge specific notice before adopting the budget.

The commissioners court must set reasonable salaries for the court reporter and the court administrator, subject to judicial review in district court for abuse of discretion.

Very truly yours,

KEN PAXTON
Attorney General of Texas

JEFFREY C. MATEER
First Assistant Attorney General

RYAN L. BANGERT
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER
Chair, Opinion Committee

WILLIAM A. HILL
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee

[1] See Letter from Honorable Lisa L. Peterson, Nolan Cty. Att'y, to Honorable Ken Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 2 (Sept. 11, 2019), https://www2.texasattorneygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinion-rqs ("Request Letter").

[2] See Brief from Honorable David Hall, Judge of the 1st Multicounty Court at Law at 1 (Sept. 26, 2019) (on file with the Op. Comm.).

[3] See also Nolan County, Tex., 2019-2020 Adopted Budget at 13, http://www.co.nolan.tx.us/page/nolan.Budget.